An Empirical Case Study of Kraft Foods (IPO) & Kyber Network (ICO)
Keywords:
Investment, Kraft foods, Kyber network, profitable, investors.Abstract
In order to advise investors, who are choosing the appropriate avenue to invest between Kyber Network and Kraft Foods, this study investigates the platforms under which these two companies perform in the capital markets. These platforms are the Initial Public Offering [IPO] and Initial Coin Offering [ICO]. In order to find the most appropriate option, both platforms were studied on how they have developed over
time. Various principles and requirement guiding their different uses and application were furthermore studied to provide insights on what a potential investor may be required in order to venture into these platforms. These findings were critical in proceeding to further find out how Kyber Network and Kraft Food have embraced these differences. Kyber Network trades in ICO while Kraft Food trades in IPO. In aspects of profitability, this study found out that Kyber Network has more prospective profitability with time due to increasing in per crypto price. Kraft Food’s per share price is declining hence it’s not profitable. In floating process, Kyber Network was found to be simpler and efficient for users since it only needs a user to create an account and begin trading with their crypto currencies or crypto tokens. Though Kyber Network was found to carry higher risk in the aspect of cyber risk, basic etiquettes of securing one’s online information would address any cyber risk. Henceforth, this study finds that investing in Kyber Network ICO is more profitable for investors.
References
Allison, S., Hall, C., & McShea, D. (2008). The Initial Public Offering Handbook: A Guide for Entrepreneurs, Executives, Directors and Private Investors. St. Paul, Minnesota : Perkins Coie LLP.
Alom, S., Patwary, A. K., & Hasan, M. M. (2020) Factors Affecting the Turnover Intention of Bangladeshi Migrants in the United Arab Emirates: An Empirical Study on the Hotel Industry.
Azim, M. S., Tarannum, L., & Patwary, A. K. (2017). The Effects of Leadership Style into Fisheries Business Sector in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship, 7(1), 13-22.
Bochner, S. E., Avina, J. C., & Cheng, C. Y. (2016). Guide to the Initial Public Offering. St. Paul, Minnesota: Merrill Corporation.
Buchko, S. (2018, January 20th). What is Kyber Network? | Beginner’s Guide. Retrieved from coincentral.com: https://coincentral.com/kyber-network-beginner-guide/
CrptoAmbit.com. (2018, February 14). Exploring the uncharted world of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. Retrieved from www.cryptoambit.com: https://www.cryptoambit.com/blog/2018/1/9/decentralized-exchanges-kyber-networks
Cryptopay. (2017). Central Entry Point to a Decentralised World. Saint Albans, London: Cryptopay. Danilov, D. (2017). TrueGame. Costa Rica: Truegame.
Delgado, A. (2017). Towards a Sustainable ICO Process: Community Guidelines on Regulation and Best Practices. Oxford, UK: Extropy.io i. Retrieved from http://extropy.io/publications/bluepaper.pdf
Deloof, M., De Maeseneire, W., & Inghelbrecht, K. (2009). How Do Investment Banks Value Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)? Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 36(1 & 2). doi:10.1111/j.1468-5957.2008.02117.x
Diemers, D. (2017). Initial Coin Offerings & A strategic perspective: Global and Switzerland. Switzerland: PwC.
Dudley, W. C., & Hubbard, R. G. (2004). How Capital Markets Enhance Economic Performance and Facilitate Job Creation. New York, US: Goldman, Sachs & Co.
Flühmann, D. (2018). Swiss Financial Regulator FINMA Releases Regulatory Guidelines for Initial Coin Offerings (ICO). Bär & Karrer.
Frey, M. (2015). Why Consider IPO? In J. N. Schneider-Ammann, Decision to Go Public (pp. 24-27). Zurich: Swiss Association for Location Management.
Grant, J. (2017). The Framework for ICO Due Diligence. Luxembourg: KYC3.
Groenteman, L., Watkins, R., Anthony, J., Little, A., Claxton, N., & Huey, N. (2006). Kraft Foods Inc. Equity Valuation and Analysis. Third Party Analyst.
Alom 2020 (SAJSSH) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 136-151
Hallac, J. (2018). Deep Dive on Kyber Network (KNC): A Leading Decentralized Exchange. Retrieved from medium.com: https://medium.com/@jakehallac/deep-dive-on-kyber-network-knc-a leading-decentralized-exchange-c32e2ba3a02.
Hasnat, M. A., & Alom, S. (2017). The implementation of Kafalah in Islamic banking and finance organizations in Malaysia. Int J Sci Res Publ, 7(7), 768-777.
Hays, D. K., Stoeferle, R.-P., & Valek, M. J. (2017). Crypto Research Report. Schaan, Liechtenstein: Incrementum AG.
House, B. B. A. (2017). A Comparative Analysis between Musharakah Mutanaqisah and Al Baybithaman Ajil Contracts under The Islamic Home Financing In Malaysia. International Journal of Development Research Vol. 07, Issue, 01.
Islam, R., & Patwary, A. K. (2013). Factors influencing to the policy and strategies used to disabled employment in hospitality industry. Advances in Environmental Biology, 2598-2606.
Kim, M., & Ritter, J. R. (1999). Valuing IPOs. Journal of Financial Economics, 53, 409-437. doi:0304- 405X/99/$
Levenson, N. (2017, November). The future of cryptocurrency exchanges: Kyber Network v. 0x — should you invest? Retrieved from medium.com: https://medium.com/@noamlevenson/kyber-network v-0x-decentralized-exchanges-ed116a8faec4
Luu, L., & Velner, Y. (2017). Kyber Network: A trustless decentralized exchange and payment service. Retrieved from https://home.kyber.network/assets/KyberNetworkWhitepaper.pdf
Massey, R., Dalal, D., & Dakshinamoorthy, A. (2017). Initial Coin Offering: A new paradigm. London: Deloitte Development LLC.
Matthews, C. (2012, January 31st). The 11 Largest IPOs in U.S. History. Retrieved from business.time.com: http://business.time.com/2012/02/02/the-11-largest-ipos-in-u-s history/slide/kraft-foods/
Muirhead, R. (2018). The State of Token Market: A Year in Review and an Outlook in 2018. London: Fabric Ventures.
NYSE. (2013). IPO Guide. Chicago: Caxton Business & Legal, Inc.
Pathfinder. (2017). ICOs for Mid-Size Tech Firms. San Francisco, California: Pathfinder Equity Systems.
Patwary, A. K., & Omar, H. (2016). An overview of consumer complaining behavior and the choice of complaint channels in service industry. International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship, 6(2), 309-318.
Patwary, A. K., & Rashid, B. (2016). The impacts of hospitality services on visit experience and future visit intention of student travelers. International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship, 6(8), 107-125.
Patwary, A. K., Omar, H., Tahir, S. (2020). A Conceptual Model of What Influences Consumers When Visiting Green Hotels in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11 (11), 11-25.
Alom 2020 (SAJSSH) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 136-151
Patwary, A. K., Roy, B., Hoque, R., & Khandakar, M. S. A. (2019). Process of Developing a Community Based Tourism and Identifying its Economic and Social Impacts: An Empirical Study on Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(1), 1- 13.
PwC. (2011). Executing a successful IPO. London: PwC.
PwC. (2017). Introduction to Token Sales (ICO) Best Practices. Hong Kong: PwC. Rasputin. (2017). ICO Prospectus/Token Whitepaper. Tallin, Estonia: The Princess Group OU.
Schultheis, P. J., Day, R. G., Lewis, J. R., Lindquist, S. J., & O'Connor, R. G. (2008). The Initial Public Offering. New York: Bowne & Co., Inc.
SEC. (2001). Registration Statement Under The Securities Act Of 1933 Kraft Foods Inc. Washington, DC, US. Retrieved from https://www.nasdaq.com/markets/ipos/filing.ashx?filingid=176256
SEC. (n.d.). Investing in an IPO. New York, US. Retrieved from https://www.sec.gov/files/ipo investorbulletin.pdf
Sehra, A., Smith, P., & Gomes, P. (2017). Economics of Initial Coin Offerings.
Siegel, D., Gramatke, M. R., Paulsen, J. H., Giessen, W. A., Brosig, M., Heinzelmann, S., & Kumar, S. S. (n.d). ICOs – The New IPOs? How to fund innovation in the crypto age. Cambridge, Massachussetts, US: MonitorDeloitte.
Sockin, M., & Xiong, W. (2018). A Model of Cryptocurrencies. Texas, US: Princeton University.
Starflow. (2018). Bringing Smart Property to the Influencer Economy. Los Gatos, Carlifornia: Starfow Technology Pte. Ltd.
Taulli, T., 2001. Investing in IPOs, Version 2.0. Bloomberg Personal Bookshelf, 84-97. Teutsch, J., Buterin, V., & Brown, C. (2017). Interactive coin offerings. Chicago.
Walletinvestor. (2018). Kyber Network Price Prediction, KNC Forecast - Is Kyber Network a Good Investment? Retrieved from walletinvestor.com: https://walletinvestor.com/forecast/kyber network-prediction
Westenberg , D., & Gallagher, T. (2002). 2001/IPO Report. Washington, DC: Hale and Dorr LLP.
WilmerHale LLP. (2014). 2014 IPO Report. Boston, Massachusetts : Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr llp.
Worldopoly. (2018). First Augmented Reality Game-Based on Blockchain/DAG. Ramersberg, Switzerland: Dotcom Ventures Holding AG.
Yan, D., Wille, L., & Fang, Y. (2015). Kraft Foods Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: KRFT). Retrieved from https://tippie.uiowa.edu/sites/tippie.uiowa.edu/files/documents/krause_spring2015_ kraft.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 South Asian Journal of Social Science and Humanities
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
