Livelihood Assessment of Fishers in Dal Lake, Kashmir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2023.59309Keywords:
Livelihood, Vulnerability, Dal Lake, Kashmir, Network governancAbstract
The study investigates the livelihood conditions, vulnerability, and resilience of the Dal Lake fishers and their readiness and strength to withstand climate shocks and vulnerabilities. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 in three fishing villages of Dal Lake Kashmir, where the livelihood and vulnerability of fisheries-based livelihoods were assessed through a composite index development approach. The fishers of Dal Lake are moderately vulnerable to climate variability and changes. The status of the livelihood capitals of the fishers reveals that most of the capitals are of moderate type, however, the financial capital is poor horizontally among all the fishing villages. It was also found that the socio economic conditions and resilience of the people are in very poor condition. The fisheries related activities and policies are being side-lined because of giving more importance to tourism. The management of the lake is shared between the Fisheries & Tourism departments, and the Jammu and Kashmir Lakes Conservation and Management Authority (power). However, lack of coordination, less availability of resources, less priority to the fisheries sector, and lack of accountability hindered the desired outcomes. Proper management of the lake, coordination between the key stakeholders and fishers is very important and can be achieved through network governance.
Downloads
References
Allison, E. H. (2001). Big laws, small catches: global ocean governance and the fisheries crisis. Journal of International Development, 13(7), 933-950.
Allison, E. H., Béné, C., & Andrew, N. L. (2011). 12 Poverty reduction as a means to enhance resilience in small-scale fisheries. Small-scale fisheries management: frameworks and approaches for the developing world, 216.
Cooke, S. J., Allison, E. H., Beard, T. D., Arlinghaus, R., Arthington, A. H., Bartley, D. M., & Welcomme, R. L. (2016). On the sustainability of inland fisheries: Finding a future for the forgotten. Ambio, 45, 753-764.
Czúcz, B., Torda, G., Molnár, Z., Horváth, F., Botta-Dukát, Z., & Kröel-Dulay, G. (2009). A spatially explicit, indicator-based methodology for quantifying the vulnerability and adaptability of natural ecosystems. WL Filho& F. Mannke, Eds., Interdisciplinary Aspects of Climate Change, pp 209-227.
Daw, T., Adger, N., Brown, K., & Badjeck, M. C. (2009). Climate change and capture fisheries: potential impacts, adaptation and mitigation in Cochrane, K., Young, CD, Soto, D., & Bahri, T. (eds) Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture: overview of current scientific knowledge.
DFID, U. K. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London: DFID, 445.
DoF (2020). Department of Fisheries, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Annual Report 2019–20.
DoT (2022), Department of Tourism Jammu and Kashmir, http:// www.jktourism.jk.gov.in/List/List.aspx
Fisheries and Aquaculture
Hajkowicz, S. (2006). Multi-attributed environmental index construction. Ecological Economics, 57(1), 122-139. IMD Srinagar (2019). Indian Meteorological Department Meteorological-Centre Srinagar https://mausam.imd.gov.in/ srinagar
IPCC. (2007). Fourth assessment report. Intergovernmental panel on climate change. Secretariat. Geneva, Switzerland.
Islam, M., Sallu, S., Hubacek, K., & Paavola, J. (2014). Vulnerability of fishery-based livelihoods to the impacts of climate variability and change: insights from coastal Bangladesh. Regional Environmental Change, 14(1), 281-294.
Macfadyen, G., & Allison, E. (2009). Climate change, fisheries, trade and competitiveness: understanding impacts and formulating responses for Commonwealth small states.
Meena, D. C., Dubey, R. K., Pal, R., Dubey, S. K., & Bishnoi, R. (2022). Assessment of Farmer’s Attitude and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Semi-arid Region. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(3), 46-50.
Mir, S. A., Ojha, S. N., Ananthan, P. S., Qureshi, N. W., Argade, S. D., Gul, S., & Thangavel, V. (2022). Assessment of Fisheries and Management-Insights from Dal Lake, Kashmir. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(4), 60-65.
Olsson, P., Folke, C., & Berkes, F. (2004). Adaptive co-management for building resilience in social–ecological systems. Environmental Management, 34(1), 75-90.
Paavola, J. (2008). Livelihoods, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Morogoro, Tanzania. Environ Science Policy, 11, 642– 654.
Priyanka, P. S., & Devarani, L. (2022). Capturing community participation in rural tourism through PRA: A Study in Meghalaya. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(2), 35- 41.
Purcell, S. W., & Pomeroy, R. S. (2015). Driving small-scale fisheries in developing countries. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2, 44. Qureshi, N. W., Krishnan, M., Wani, S. A., Sivaramane, N.,
&Sundaramoorthy, C. (2017). Negative Externalities in Kashmir Lake Fisheries: Transformation in Species Patronage, Use Priorities and Policy. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72(1), 89-101.
Sallu, S. M., Twyman, C., & Stringer, L. C. (2010). Resilient or vulnerable livelihoods? Assessing livelihood dynamics and trajectories in rural Botswana. Ecology and Society, 15(4).
Serrat, O. (2017). The sustainable livelihoods approach. In Knowledge Solutions (pp. 21-26). Springer, Singapore.
Smith, H., & Basurto, X. (2019). Defining small-scale fisheries and examining the role of science in shaping perceptions of who and what counts: a systematic review. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 236.
Stanford, R. J., Wiryawan, B., Bengen, D. G., Febriamansyah, R., & Haluan, J. (2017). The fisheries livelihoods resilience check (FLIRES check): A tool for evaluating resilience in fisher communities. Fish and Fisheries, 18(6), 1011-1025.
Vincent, K. (2007). Uncertainty in adaptive capacity and the importance of scale. Global Environmental Change, 17(1), 12- 24.
Wani, M. H., Baba, S. H., Yousuf, S., Mir, S. A., & Shaheen, F. A. (2013). Economic valuation and sustainability of Dal Lake ecosystem in Jammu and Kashmir. Knowledge Systems of Societies for Adaptation and Mitigation of Impacts of Climate Change, pp 95-118.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.