Article certificate 

The Space for Title of the Manuscript

Title Should Not Exceed 14 Words and Must be Representative of the Content.

The title should be in ‘Capitalize Each Word'

ABSTRACT

The abstract is a mini version of full paper. Abstract should contain year of study, brief account of principal objective(s), methods used, principal results, and main conclusion in understandable form so that the reader need not refer to the whole article except for details.. It should be written in simple past tense, in complete sentences, limited to 150-200 words. It should not have references to literature, illustrations, and tables.

KEYWORDS

The keywords best describe the nature of the research after the abstract. Provide a list of 5 to 8 keywords (indexing terms). The first letter of each keyword should be in upper case or capital letters. As major words in the title are not used in the subject index, appropriate words from the title (or synonyms) should be listed as keywords.

INTRODUCTION

The introduction provides a rationale for the study, written in the present tense, and refers to established knowledge in literature. It should contain the nature and scope of the problem, a review of relevant literature, a hypothesis, approach, and a justification for this approach. No trade name should be used and Industrial products should be referred to by their chemical names (give ingredients in parentheses) at first mention. In the absence of a common name, use the full name or a defined abbreviation, in preference to a trade name. It should be between 450-500 words without sub heading/s. The word et al, if used in any in-text citation must not be in italics.

METHODOLOGY

The’ methodology’ describes what was done- experimental model or field study. It should be an exhaustive one (in logical order, with sufficient details to reproduce the procedure) without tables and figures (approximately 300- 400 words). The subheadings must be avoided as far as possible in methodology. It should be written in the simple past tense. Where the methods are well known, the citation of standard work is sufficient. All modifications of procedures must be explained. Experimental materials and statistical models should be described clearly and fully. Calculations and the validity of deductions made from them should be checked and validated. Units of measurement, symbols, and standard abbreviations should conform to international standards. Metric measurements are preferred, and dosages should be expressed entirely in metric units (SI units). Give the meaning of all symbols immediately after the equation in which they are first used. Avoid subheadings in the methodology. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

         The results and discussion should preferably be combined to avoid repetition. Results present the data, the facts- what you found/ calculated/ discovered/ observed. It should be written in the simple past tense to report your observations on the experiment/fieldwork, and its comparison/contrast. Only the salient results need to be presented instead of writing the whole tabular/ graphical data in text.  Too many paragraphs are discouraged; one concept must be dealt with in one place and time in one paragraph. The Discussion shows the relationship among the facts, it puts results in the context of previous research, and the emphasis must be on presenting results in relation to established knowledge. The discussion should contain trends, relationships, generalizations, any exceptions, outlying data, and agreement/ disagreement with previous research with reasons. The discussion should be written in the present tense. IJEE does not appreciate more than three subheadings in Results and Discussion. Avoid making too many tables just for the number's sake, do not give socio-personal profile table and text till it is utmost necessary and has some bearing on the other part of the research (most times it is not so). Ideally, Results and Discussion should range between 2000-3000 words.

          Results should be presented in tabular form and graphs when feasible but not both. The colour figures and plates are printed when information would be lost if reproduced in black and white. Mean results with the relevant standard errors should be presented rather than detailed data. The data should be so arranged that the tables would fit in the normal layout of the page. Self-explanatory tables should be typed on separate sheets and carry appropriate titles. The titles of tables/figures should not be more than 12 words. The tabular matter should not exceed 20% of the text. Any abbreviation used in a table must be defined in that table. All tables should be cited in the text. If an explanation is necessary, use an abbreviation in the body of the table (e.g. ND) and explain clearly in footnotes what the abbreviation means. References to footnotes in a table are specified by superscript numbers, independently for each table. Superscript letters are used to designate statistical significance. Use a lowercase p to indicate probability values (i.e. p<0.05). In general, use numerals, when two numbers appear adjacent to each other, spell out the first (i.e. three districts were selected rather than 3 districts were selected). In a series using some numbers less than 10 and some more than 10 use numerals for all (i.e. 2 splits, 6 plants were selected). Do not begin a sentence with a numeral. Spell it out or rearrange the sentence. Abbreviate the terms hour (h), minute (min) and second (sec) when used with a number in the text but spell them out when they are used alone. Do not use a hyphen to indicate inclusiveness (e.g. use 12 to 14 years or wk 3 and 4, not 12-14 mg or wk 3-4). Use Arabic numerals with abbreviated units of measure: 2 g, 5 d, $4.00, 3%, and numerical designations in the text: exp 1, group 3, etc. 

        The paper should always be written in the third person form (Avoid I /We / Research Team / Project Team etc.).There is always a different style for paper writing and thesis writing, try to be precise enough without compromising the quality. Avoid too many paragraphs; one concept must be dealt with in one place and time in one paragraph. There must not be 3-4 subheadings in the result and discussion and the table & figures must be limited to a maximum of 5 for the research paper and 3 for the research note. Avoid presenting the same data in text, table, and figures verbatim. Avoid making too many tables just for the number sake, also avoid giving socio personal profiles till it is utmost necessary and has some bearing on the other part of the research (most times it is not so). Also discouraged too many columns in the table, like; number/ frequency in one column, the percentage in the second, and rank in the third, only one column showing percent will be sufficient.

       Figures (histogram/pie chart/another type of chart) should be in editable rich text material with the backup data file. The image of the figure or jpg/jpeg is not allowed.

CONCLUSION

The ‘conclusion’ summarizes principal findings and should not be more than one paragraph (100-150 words) after the discussion and explain in general terms the implications of the findings of this research. It has to be written in the present tense and the emphasis must be on what should now be accepted as established knowledge. The conclusion should relate back to the introduction and hypothesis. The implication, the significance of your results, or any practical application must find a place in the conclusion. Abbreviations, acronyms, or citations should not be used here. It should not be a repetition of the abstract.

REFERENCES

The REFERENCES lists should be typed in alphabetical order. The reference list should be first sorted alphabetically by author(s) and secondly chronologically. A recent issue of the journal should be consulted for the methods of citation of REFERENCES in the text as well as at the end of the article. The Indian Journal of Extension Education (IJEE) follows common APA Style references and citations in text. Journal names should never be abbreviated. For more information on references and reference examples, see Chapters 8, 9, and 10 of the Publication Manual as well as the Concise Guide to APA Style (7th ed.). Also, see the Reference Examples pages on the APA Style website. A few examples of reference sections as well as in-text citations are given at https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/ijee/about/submissions  :

      A minimum of three references from the previous three years' issues of IJEE available at epubs only are encouraged. There must be at least 15 references from the related research. It is appreciable if the references are from Social Science/ Extension Education/ Communication/ Entrepreneurship/ Management/ Education related journals. References from other non-social science journals are not appreciated. References should not be abbreviated especially the journal name (as per IJEE style). Check capitalization Vs sentence case properly. In references, the ‘&’ should be used instead of ‘and’ before the last author's name, whereas in the text it should be ‘and’. The word ‘et al’ must not be in italics in the text. The reference, in general, should not be older than 15 years and should be from published sources only. Avoid unpublished thesis (older than five years) references. Wherever possible provide the URL of the reference. Unauthenticated references may lead to the rejection of the manuscript.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST STATEMENTS

Please specify the nature of the conflict and details of affiliation or involvement in an organization or entity with a financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

GENERAL

      Authors must obtain permission to reproduce any copyrighted material and include an acknowledgment of the source in their article. They should be aware that the unreferenced use of published and unpublished ideas, writing or illustrations of others, or submission of a complete paper under new authorship in a different or the same language, is plagiarism.

     Articles forwarded to the editor for publication are understood to be offered to the Indian Journal of Extension Education exclusively and the copyrights automatically stand transferred to the Indian Society of Extension Education. It is also understood that the authors have obtained the approval of their department, faculty, or institute in cases where such permission is necessary. The Editorial Board takes no responsibility for facts or opinions expressed in the Journal, which rests entirely with the authors thereof. Proof correction should be in Track Change mode. All queries marked in the article should be answered. Proofs are supplied for a check-up of the correctness of typesetting and facts. The proofs should be returned within 3 days. The alternation in the author's name is not permitted at any later stage after the article is submitted to the Indian Journal of Extension Education.

        The article certificate, Author Contribution form, Disclosure of Competing Interest & Declaration of Conflict of Interest duly signed by all the authors should be mailed in original to Chief Editor, ISEE on acceptance of the manuscript in the prescribed format (available at https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/ijee/about). In absence of these certificates, the manuscript processing will immediately be stopped and will not be published.