Effectiveness of Adaptation Mechanisms of Farmers in Flood Prone Area of Bihar

Authors

  • Pappu Kumar Yadav Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Agricultural Extension, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
  • Souvik Ghosh Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Sriniketan, West Bengal, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2023.59306

Keywords:

Flood, Farm livelihoods, Adaptation, Technological innovation, Institutional innovation

Abstract

The state of Bihar is most vulnerable to floods in India and farmers in flood-prone areas have undergone adaptation through a combination of technological and institutional innovations. The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of adaptation mechanisms as perceived by the farmers to mitigate the negative effects of flooding on their livelihoods covering a random sample of 80 farmers in flood-prone areas of Bhagalpur district in Bihar during 2022. The findings suggest that farmers have developed a range of adaptation strategies to cope with the impacts of flooding, the most effective being the changes in cropping patterns, adoption of flood-resistant paddy varieties, pest and disease resistance vegetable varieties, vaccination of livestock and management of fish ponds. Institutional innovations like self-help group, farmers interest group, farmers club, seed bank, village level weather advisories were also found crucial to enabling farmers to adapt to floods. Income, cultivated land, information availability, and use of communication sources have explained about 50 per cent variation in the perceived effectiveness of adaptation by farmers. Future extension efforts need to strengthen the institutional infrastructure to promote the flood resilient technologies to reduce the vulnerability of farm livelihoods. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aryal, J. P., Jat, M. L., Sapkota, T. B., Khatri-Chhetri, A., Kassie, M., Rahut, D. B., & Maharjan, S. (2018). Adoption of multiple climate smart agricultural practices in the Gangetic plains of Bihar, India. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 10(3), 407–427.

Azadi, H., Moghaddam, S. M., Burkart, S., Mahmoudi, H., Van Passel, S., Kurban, A., & Lopez-Carr, D. (2021). Rethinking resilient agriculture: from climate-smart agriculture to vulnerable-smart agriculture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 319, 128602.

Branca, G., Arslan, A., Paolantonio, A., Grewer, U., Cattaneo, A., Cavatassi, R., & Vetter, S. (2021). Assessing the economic and mitigation benefits of climate-smart agriculture and its implications for political economy: a case study in southern Africa. Journal of Cleaner Production, 285, 125161.

Bryan, E., Deressa, T. T., Gbetibouo, G. A., & Ringler, C. (2009). Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints. Environmental Science & Policy, 12(4), 413-426.

Bryan, E., Ringler, C., Okoba, B., Roncoli, C., Silvestri, S., & Herrero, M. (2013). Adapting agriculture to climate change in Kenya: Household strategies and determinants. Journal of Environmental Management, 114, 26-35.

Das, U. and Ghosh, S. (2019). Farm household scenario in climatically vulnerable region in Odisha. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 55(1), 66-72.

Das, U., & Ghosh, S. (2018). Livelihood sensitivity matrix: A novel technique for mapping vulnerability of rural households to climate change. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 54(4), 201– 205.

Das, U., Ansari, M. A., & Ghosh, S. (2022). Effectiveness and upscaling potential of climate smart agriculture interventions: Farmers’ participatory prioritization and livelihood indicators as its determinants. Agricultural Systems, 203, 103515.

Das, U., Ghosh, S., & Mondal, B. (2020). Resilience of agriculture in a climatically vulnerable state of India. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 139(3), 1513-1529.

Fraser, E. D., Dougill, A. J., Hubacek, K., Quinn, C. H., Sendzimir, J., & Termansen, M. (2011). Assessing vulnerability to climate change in dryland livelihood systems: conceptual challenges and interdisciplinary solutions. Ecology and Society, 16(3), 3. http:/ /dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-03402-160303

Jha, S. K., Mishra, S., Sinha, B., Alatalo, J. M., & Pandey, R. (2017). Rural development program in tribal region: A protocol for adaptation and addressing climate change vulnerability. Journal of Rural Studies, 51, 151-157.

Mohanty, M. P., Mudgil, S., & Karmakar, S. (2020). Flood management in India: a focused review on the status and future challenges. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 49, 101660.

National Disaster Mitigation Authority, Government of India, https:/ /www.ndma.gov.in/Natural-Hazards/Floods, Retrieved on 18 April 2022.

Prasad, Y. G., Maheswari, M., Dixit, S., Srinivasarao, Ch., Sikka, A. K., Venkateswarlu, B., Sudhakar, N., Prabhu Kumar, S., Singh, A. K., Gogoi, A. K., Singh, A. K., Singh, Y. V., & Mishra, A. (2014). Smart practices and technologies for climate resilient agriculture. Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (ICAR), Hyderabad. 76 p. http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/ 28712

Prasad, Y. G., Rao, S, Ch., Prasad, J. V. N. S., Rao, K. V., Ramana, D. B. V., Gopinath, K. A., Srinivas, I., Reddy, B. S., Adake, R., Rao, V. U. M., Maheswari, M., Singh, A. K., & Sikka, A. K. (2015). Technology demonstrations: Enhancing resilience and adaptive capacity of farmers to climate variability. National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad. 109 p. http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/28706

Sehgal, V. K., Singh, M. R., Chaudhary, A., Jain, N., & Pathak, H. (2013). Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change: District level assessment in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, https:// krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/34540/1/ VulnerabilityIGPbookFinal.pdf

Senyolo, M. P., Long, T. B., Blok, V., & Omta, O. (2018). How the characteristics of innovations impact their adoption: an exploration of climate-smart agricultural innovations in South Africa. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 3825–3840.

Shanabhoga, M. B., Krishnamurthy, B., Suresha, S. V., Dechamma, S., & Kumar, R. V. (2023). Climate change adaptation constraints among paddy growing farmers in Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka State. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 59(2), 124-127.

Sharma, S., Rana, D. S., Jat, M. L., Biswal, S., Arun, K. C., & Pathak, H. (2019). A compendium of technologies, practices, services and policies for scaling climate-smart agriculture in Odisha (India). Compendium, International Rice Research Institute, India Office, New Delhi. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/106888

Shitu, A. G., Nain, M. S., & Singh, R. (2018). Developing extension model for smallholder farmers uptake of precision conservation agricultural practices in developing nations: Learning from rice wheat system of Africa and India. Current Science, 114(4), 814- 825.

Tanti, P. C., Jena, P. R., Aryal, J. P., & Rahut, D. B. (2022). Role of institutional factors in climate-smart technology adoption in agriculture: evidence from an eastern Indian state. Environmental Challenge, 100498.

Thennakoon, J., Findlay, C., Huang, J., & Wang, J. (2020). Management adaptation to flood in Guangdong Province in China: Do property rights Matter? World Development, 127, 104767.

Venkateswarlu, B., Kumar, S., Dixit, S., Rao, S., Ch., Kokate, K. D., & Singh, A. K. (2012). Demonstration of climate resilient technologies on farmers’ fields action plan for 100 vulnerable districts. Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad. 163 p.

WRD. (2015). History of flood in Bihar. FMIS Bihar, India. Retrieved 22 November 2015, from http://fmis.bih.nic.in/history.html Yadav, P., Maiti, S., Jha, S. K., Meena, H. R., Bhakat, M., & Dixit, A. K. (2022). Participatory Evaluation of effectiveness of farmer-led adaptation strategies to climate change in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(1), 146-150.

Downloads

Published

2023-07-11

Issue

Vol. 59 No. 3 (2023): Indian Journal of Extension Education, (Jul-Sep), 2023

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Yadav, P.K., & Ghosh, S. (Trans.). (2023). Effectiveness of Adaptation Mechanisms of Farmers in Flood Prone Area of Bihar. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 59(3), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2023.59306
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC