Participation and Constraints Faced by Rural Women in Agricultural Activities in Amethi District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.62217Keywords:
Rural women, Agricultural activities, Participation, Kruskal Wallis, Low wages.Abstract
The study conducted examines the participation of rural women in various agricultural activities in Amethi district of Uttar Pradesh. A total of 80 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique from eight villages. Data were collected during 2022– 2023 through a pre-tested and structured interview schedule to assess the level of their participation. The result indicated that the majority of rural women always participated in different agricultural activities. However, there was not much involvement in technically demanding activities like irrigation and plant protection management. Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that among the three crops the maximum participation was in the potato crop, and the difference was significant. The overall participation index revealed that a medium level of participation, 61.25% of the respondents fell into the medium level of participation category. Coefficient correlation revealed a significant positive relation with age, information seeking behaviour, social participation, land holding and annual income, while education showed significant negative correlation; higher education reduced the participation in agricultural activities. Garrett’s ranking reflects that low wages were the major constraint for low participation in agricultural activities.Downloads
References
Afzal, A., Ali, T., Ahmad, M., Amin, H., & Saki, S. (2010). Women in agriculture: Results from a survey of Okara district of Pakistani Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 23(1–2), 64–69.
Chayal, K., & Dhaka, B. L. (2010). Analysis of role performance of women in farm activities. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 10(2), 109–112.
Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. (2023). Agriculture census 2020–21. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2011). The state of food and agriculture 2010–11: Women in agriculture—Closing the gender gap for development. FAO.
Gupta, R. P., Ghadei, K., & Panigrahi, S. P. (2024). Women’s involvement pattern in grain management activities in Deoghar district of Jharkhand. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 60(2), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2024.60204
Ishaq, W., & Memon, S. Q. (2016). Roles of women in agriculture: A case study of rural Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Rural Development and Agriculture, 1(1), 1–11.
Kaur, P., & Mavi, H. K. (2016). Female agricultural labourers in rural Punjab: Present status and problems. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 15(4), 114–117.
Kumari, Q., Ghosh, S., & Rath, S. R. (2025). Empowering rural women entrepreneurs: Insights from Bihar. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(2), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.6105
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. (2025). Annual report 2024–25. Government of India.
Mishra, N. M., Modak, S. M., Padhy, C. P., & Badavath, A. B. (2025). Factors influencing farming practices towards nutrition-sensitive agriculture in Southern Odisha. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(3), 86–91. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.61316
Nain, M. S., & Kumar, P. (2010). A study of women participation and decision making in farm management. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 5(1), 67–71.
Nain, M. S., Singh, R., Vijayraghavan, K., & Vyas, A. K. (2012). Participatory linkage of farmers, technology and agricultural researchers for improved wheat production in the National Capital Region of India. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(37), 5198–5207. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR12.1538
Nazir, S., Khan, I. A., Shahbaz, B., & Anjum, F. (2013). Rural women’s participation and constraints in agricultural activities: A case study of district Nankana Sahib, Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 50(2), 317–322.
Nishi, N. Y., Islam, M. M., & Ahmed, M. B. (2019). Participation of rural women in organic farming. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology, 33(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2019/v33i330178
Pingali, P., Aiyar, A., Abraham, M., & Rahman, A. (2019). Transforming food systems for a rising India. Springer Nature.
Shamna, A., Jha, S., Alam, N., Naik, R., & Kar, G. (2021). Assessment of technological interventions in farm women empowerment. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(1), 142–145.
Singh, P., Dubey, S. K., Pandey, S., & Gautam, U. S. (2018). Participation of farm women in agricultural operations: A cross-section of Kannauj district of Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 13(3), 583–588.
Sowjanya, S., Manjunath, B., Sudha, C., & Srikanth, L. (2016). Rural women participation in farming activities of Shivamogga district of Karnataka. Advances in Life Sciences, 5(6), 2044–2048.
Vijayan, B., Nain, M. S., & Singh, R. (2025). Understanding determinants of program accessibility: A study of planned participation in agricultural development programs in Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka, India. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 25(4), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2025/oct_dec/18-24
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
