Social Media and Gen-Z Revolution in Nepal: An Analytical  Study

Authors

  • Naveen Kumar Research Scholar (Graduate Level), Department of Political Science, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, India
  • Ajay Kumar Professor, Department of Political Science, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/sajssh.2026.7302

Keywords:

Crony-capitalism, Digital Rights, Nepokids, People’s Journalism, Political instability, Virtual Space

Abstract

The “Gen-Z Revolution” in Nepal in September 2025 was a historic turning point in South  Asian politics. The way social media restrictions mobilised an entire generation to take to the  streets and the protests that continued until the government fell make it an excellent subject  for academic research. The ban imposed by the Nepalese government on September 4, 2025,  on twenty-six social media platforms (Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, etc.) was not merely  a regulatory measure; it ignited pent-up frustration against decades of corruption,  unemployment, and nepotism. Nepal’s Gen-Z, which is highly active digitally, perceived this  ban as the final blow to their freedom of expression. Nepal has witnessed decades-long  struggles—such as the anti-Rana regime movement of 1951 or the ten-year Maoist People's  War—yet this particular sequence of events unfolded with such intensity that it altered the  very equation of power overnight. Therefore, this study examines the reasons behind this  revolution and analyses how a “digital blackout” paved the way for a real-world revolution,  resulting in a power shift. 

 

References

Acharya, U. (2025). Misinformation and democracy. In U. Acharya (Ed.), Nepal’s Misinformation Landscape. Center for Media Research–Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Arafat, M. Y., Mia, M. S., Imran, M. I. H., & Islam, M. R. (2025). Reflections from uprising: The role of youth and social media in political movements in Nepal and Indonesia. International Journal of Education and Social Science Studies, 1(3), 191–199.

Aryal, N. (2025). Nepal in turmoil: Gen Z protest, political upheaval, and the quest for reform. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5498279

Basnyat, B. (2025, June 18). Institutional politicization, corruption and governance inefficiency in Nepal. KhabarHub. https://english.khabarhub.com/2025/18/477847/

Bhandari, A. (2025). Nepal Gen Z protests: Comprehensive socio-economic analysis and recovery framework. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5468410

Bhandari, B. (2023, July 3). Nepal shaken by fake Bhutanese refugee scam: A weary Nepali public hopes for a rare victory against corruption. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/07/03/nepal-fake-bhutanese-refugee-scam-anti-corruption/

Cammaerts, B. (2025). What will be the legacy of the Gen-Z acephalous protest movements? Media@LSE.

Chambers, J., & Dhu Da, S. N. (2024). “Living with” revolution: The everyday experiences of Myanmar’s Generation Z revolutionaries. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 54(5), 781–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2024.2359373

Chhetri, V. (2025, September 14). From rap battles to rallies, Kathmandu’s mayor Balen rises as Nepal’s youth icon. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraphindia.com/

Dahal, G. (2026). Gen Z protest and its prospects in strengthening democracy in Nepal. Journal of Political Science, 26, 203–216. https://doi.org/10.3126/jps.v26i1.90796

Dahal, R., & Acharya, U. (2025). An anatomy of information manipulation in Nepal. In Nepal’s Misinformation Landscape (pp. 25–50). https://doi.org/10.62657/cmr25aa

Freedom Forum. (2025, September 8). Journalists injured while reporting on Gen Z protest in Kathmandu. IFEX. https://ifex.org/

Ghimire, B. (2024, February 15). Ex-officials convicted, politicians acquitted in Lalita Niwas scam. The Kathmandu Post.

Gudavarthy, A. (2026, February 21). Gen Z and the dynamics of democratic engagement. The Hindu.

Gurr, T. R. (2015). Why Men Rebel. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315631073

Gurung, K., & Gnawali, S. (2025). Emoji votes: Predicting Kathmandu's 2022 mayoral election via Facebook sentiment. Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice, 13(3), 72–84.

H.T. News Desk. (2025, September 9). Who is Balendra Shah? Kathmandu rapper-mayor backed by Gen Z protestors for Nepal PM post. Hindustan Times.

Hasugian, A., Komalasari, K., & Sundawa, D. (2025). From digital dissent to political change: Social media’s impact on Nepal’s 2025 protests. Media Asia, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2025.2578665

Islam, M. A., Nur, S., Mahmud, I., Rakiv, M., Nazneen Noor, R., & Moniruzzaman, M. (2025). Gen Z’s digital uprising in Bangladesh: The role of social media in the fall of a political despot. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 102181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102181

Jayathilake, H. D. (2019). Retention of Generation-Z in the information communication technology sector of Sri Lanka: A conceptual paper. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.4038/kjhrm.v14i1.64

Karki, S. (2025). Policy level corruption in Nepal: How laws are bent to serve political and bureaucratic interests. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5623333

Karki, S. (2022, November 3). Many Nepalis say no, not again. Nepali Times.

Khan, A. N. (2025, September 9). Nepal in crisis: Tribhuvan Airport closed, nationwide flights cancelled as Gen Z youth protest social media ban and demand PM Oli's resignation. Travel and Tour World.

Kharel, S. (2025, September 15). ‘More egalitarian’: How Nepal’s Gen Z used gaming app Discord to pick PM. Al Jazeera.

Khatri, B. B., Poudel, O., & Acharya, P. (2025). Factors affecting youth unemployment in Nepal. Molung Educational Frontier, 15, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v15i01.73932

Khor, Y. L. (2024). Mapping the transnationalisation of social movements through online media: The case of the Milk Tea Alliance. In The Palgrave Handbook of Political Norms in Southeast Asia (pp. 121–136). Springer.

Kumar, N. K. (2024). Effects of unemployment and inflation on the economy of Nepal. Rajarshi Janak University Research Journal, 2(1–2), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.3126/rjurj.v2i1-2.72303

Lamichhane, Y. R. (2021). Enough is enough: A cultural turn of youth activism in Nepal. The Outlook: Journal of English Studies, 1–15.

Maslow, A., & Lewis, K. J. (1987). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Salenger Incorporated, 14(17), 987–990.

Mulmi, A. (2024, January 29). Nepal's youth are leaving the country in droves. Raisina Debates, Observer Research Foundation.

NDTV News Desk. (2025, September 10). 8,000% spike in VPN sign-ups in Nepal after social media ban. NDTV World.

NDTV News Desk. (2025, September 9). How TikTok became the go-to communication tool for Nepal protesters. NDTV World.

NewBiz Report. (2026, February 10). Nepal fails to improve in corruption perceptions index. Business Age.

O’Neill, T. (2025). “What kind of freedom are you talking about?”: Youth deliberation and plurality in Nepal. Journal of Applied Youth Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43151-025-00195-w

Ojha, S. K., KC, R. K., Dahal, S., & Basnet, J. (2024). The socio-economic development of Nepal: Struggle with political instability. Development, 19(1).

Poudel, A. (2024). The impact of the TikTok ban on digital expression in Nepal. The Annapurna Express.

Ram, K. (2022, May 31). Mayor Shah's live telecast meeting earns him plaudits. The Himalayan Times.

Ramachandran, S. (2025, September 12). Nepal unrest: Roots of turmoil lie in economic deprivation. The Secretariat.

Rauniyar, K., Poudel, S., Shiwakoti, S., Thapa, S., Rashid, J., Kim, J., & Naseem, U. (2023). Multi-aspect annotation and analysis of Nepali tweets on anti-establishment election discourse. IEEE Access, 11, 143092–143115.

Regmi, W. P. (2024). The effect of social media on result of election in metropolitan city: Special focus on Kathmandu, Nepal.

Rijal, N., Poudel, B., Pokharel, K. R., Gurung, L., Adhikari, B. N., Adhikary, S., & Khanal, D. (2025). An investigation of regulating and monitoring social media in Nepal. Journal of Health and Social Welfare, 13(1).

Sangwa, S. (2025). Generation Z global protests: Elite influence, memetic warfare, and the quest for a new world order. Open Journal of Stigmatized Knowledge & Suppressed Discourses, 1(2).

Scarr, C., Fraser, S., & Ethirajan, A. (2025, September 9). Nepal parliament set on fire after PM resigns over anti-corruption protests. BBC News.

Sharma, B. K., & Neupane, G. (2025). Masculinity and violence in Kathmandu’s Raw Barz rap battles on YouTube. Language, Culture and Society, 7(1), 68–97. https://doi.org/10.1075/lcs.24031.sha

Sharma, B. (2025, September 15). Nepal protest: Gen Z used this ‘secret chat app’ after govt banned social media. Hindustan Times.

Sharma, S. (2025). For Nepal’s Gen Z, social media is more than a pastime: Content creators rake in $26.5 million in FY24–2025; Facebook, X drive digital economy. Bhaskar English.

Snellinger, A. (2018). From (violent) protest to policy: Rearticulating authority through the national youth policy in post-war Nepal. Modern Asian Studies, 52(3), 1043–1075.

Sudan Gurung, S. (2025, September 21). Sudan Gurung clarifies his visit to President’s Office. The Kathmandu Post.

Sultana, S., & Sharma, B. K. (2025). Rap in the local–global interface: Social and political activism in South Asia. In Entangled Englishes (pp. 32–51). Routledge.

Suwal, S. (2025, November 17). The 2025 Gen Z uprising in Nepal: A three-part analysis. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

The Kathmandu Post. (2025, September 7). Nepal's social media restrictions raise concerns over digital freedom and investment climate. The Kathmandu Post.

Timalsina, S. K. (2024). Crony capitalism in Nepali politics. The Journal of Economic Concerns, 15(1), 56–72.

Timalsina, S. K., & Shrestha, S. K. (2025). Hidden politics behind the Gen-Z movement (September 2025) in Nepal. Educational Journal, 4(2), 64–72. https://doi.org/10.3126/ej.v4i2.88527

Upreti, A., Pokhrel, L., Ban, H., & Gurung, K. (2025). Decoding digital campaigns: A multi-method analysis of Facebook posts during 2022 parliamentary elections in Nepal. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 35(1), 195–215.

Vijay. (2025, October 23). Seven theses on the Gen Z uprisings in the Global South: The forty-third newsletter. Tricontinental Newsletter.

Wijaya, C. K., Chandra, K. R., & Dananjaya, I. K. (2024). Mitigating disinformation: Reflection of #NoNotAgain campaign in Nepal for Indonesia. Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law, 5(1), 38–67.

Downloads

Published

2026-06-05

How to Cite

Kumar, N., & Kumar, A. (2026). Social Media and Gen-Z Revolution in Nepal: An Analytical  Study. South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(3), 24-43. https://doi.org/10.48165/sajssh.2026.7302