Effect of sodium nitroprusside on germination of Trigonell foenum-graceum seeds under cadmium stress
Keywords:
Cadmium stress, fenugreek, germination, phytotoxicity, sodium nitroprussideAbstract
Fenugreek (Trigonell foenum-graceum) is one of the oldest cultivated medicinal plants whose seeds are been found to have higher mineral, protein, carbohydrate content and antioxidant properties. Germination is one of the most important physiological events in a plant life cycle that is well protected against various stresses. The most important factors limiting germination of matured seeds are various environmental stress conditions like the presence of heavy metals in soil, lack of water etc. Metal poisoning affects the plant growth process, therefore, affecting crop yield. Cadmium is one of the most reactive heavy metal contaminants and is the most vulnerable to accumulation. Thus, fenugreek being a valuable medicinal plant demands further investigation into its response to cadmium-induced phytotoxicity during germination. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on seeds treated with cadmium chloride during germination and its antioxidant activity. SNP is known to donate nitric oxide that plays a pivotal role in seed germination and acts against oxidative stress. Phytochemical analysis of about 25 fenugreek seeds was carried out using different strategies and methodologies. Estimation of antioxidant activity and effect of SNP on CdCl₂treated seeds were evaluated. The phytotoxicity percentage remarkably increased with an increase in metal toxicity while seeds treated with SNP showed increased protein concentration. Germination percentage however decreased with increasing metal toxicity. Proline accumulation was found to be more in 200µM SNP and decreased with increasing SNP concentration. The scavenging activity of SNP-treated seed exposed to CdCl₂was found to be significant.
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