DELAYED TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CT SCAN & AUTOPSY FINDINGS

Authors

  • Hitesh Chawla MD, DNB Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Professor Forensic Medicine, SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh (INDIA)
  • Ashish Tyagi MD Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Assistant Professor, Forensic Medicine, SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh (INDIA)
  • Rohtas K Yadav MD Radiodiagnosis Senior Professor Radiodiagnosis, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak (INDIA)
  • Mohit Gupta MD, DNB Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Associate Professor Forensic Medicine, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi (INDIA)

Keywords:

CT scan, intracranial haemorrhages, autopsy, head injury, trauma

Abstract

Context: In the current prevalent practice at trauma centers, axial non-contrast computerized tomography scan (CT scan) is the preferred diagnostic procedure in the traumatic head injury. In many patients, a CT scan might look normal, yet the patient may have a poor Glasgow Coma Scale and have an unfavourable outcome. 

References

Roberson FC, Kishore PR, Miller JD, Lipper MH, Becker DP. The value of serial CT in management of severe head injury. Surg Neurol. 1979;12(2):161- 7.PMID: 515911

Smith HK, Miller JD. The danger of a ultra-early CT scan in a patient with an evolving intracranial hematoma. Neurosurg. 1991;29(2):258-60.10.1097/ 00006123-199108000-00016

Hagga JR, Dogra VS, Forsting M, Gilkeson RC, Ha HK, Sundaram M. CT and MRI of the whole body.5th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p. 295-335.

Perel P, Roberts I, Bouamra O, Woodford M, Mooney J, Lecky F. Intracranial bleeding in patients with traumatic brain injury: a prognostic study. BMC Emerg Med. 2009 Aug 3;9:15. 10.1186/1471-227X-9-15

Murrey GJ, Starzinski D. The forensic evaluation of traumatic brain injury. 2nd edition.Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008.p.2-3.

Ruiz-Sandoval JL, Campos A, Romero-Vargas S, Jimeìnez-RodriìguezMI ,Chiquete E. Multiple simultaneous intracerebral hemorrhages following accidental massive lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage: case report and literature review. Neurol India. 2006;54(4):421-4. 10.4103/0028-3886.28120

Thomas BW, Mejia VA, Maxwell RA, Dart BW, Smith PW, Gallagher MR, et al. Scheduled repeat CT scanning for traumatic brain injury remains important in assessing head injury progression. J Am CollSurg. 2010;210(5):824–30. 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.12.039

Muakkassa FF, Marley RA, Paranjape C, Horattas E, Salvator A, Muakkassa K. Predictors of new findings on repeat head CT scan in blunt trauma patients with an initially negative head CT scan. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;214(6):965–72.10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.02.004

Pathak A, Singh D, Khandelwal N. Fallacies of routine CT scan in identifying lesions in severe head injury. Indian J Neurotrauma.2006;3(1):37-42.10.1016/S0973- 0508(06)80008-0

Hazarika MTA, Baruah AM. A comparative study of CT scan finding and autopsy finding in head injury cases. Eur J Pharm Med Res.2017;4(2):777-9.

Waghmode AH, Meshram SK, Giri SS. Comparison of autopsy findings with that of computed tomography scan findings in cases of head injury admitted at tertiary care center in central India. Eur J Forensic Sci. 2017;4(3).1-4.10.5455/ejfs.232123

Flodmark O, Becker LE, Harwood-Nash DC, Fitzhardinge PM, Fitz CR, Chuang SH. Correlation between computed tomography and autopsy in premature and full-term neonates that have suffered

perinatal asphyxia. Radiology. 1980;137(1 Pt 1):93-103. 10.1148/radiology.137.1.7422867

Servadei F, Nanni A, Nasi MT, Zappi D, Vergoni G, Giuliani G, et al. Evolving brain lesions in the first 12 hours after head injury: analysis of 37 comatose patients. Neurosurgery. 1995;37(5):899-906.10.1227/ 00006123-199511000-00008

Chenoweth JA, Gaona SD, Faul M, Holmes JF, Nishijima DK. Incidence of delayed intracranial hemorrhage in older patients after blunt head trauma. JAMA Surg 2018 Feb 14. 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.6159

Cooper PR. Delayed traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1992;3(3):659-65. 10.1016/S1042-3680(18)30654-5

Matsuda W, Sugimoto K, Sato N, Watanabe T, Fujimoto A, Matsumura A. Delayed onset of posttraumatic acute subdural hematoma after mild head injury with normal computed tomography: a case report and brief review. J Trauma. 2008;65(2):461-3.10.1097/ 01.ta.0000202465.13784.2a

Graham DI, Gennarelli TA, McIntosh TK. Trauma. In: Graham DI, Lantos PL, editors. Greenfield’s Neuropathology. Arnold; London: 2002. pp. 823–898.

Harvey LA, Close JC. Traumatic brain injury in older adults: characteristics, causes and consequences. Injury. 2012;43(11):1821–6. 10.1016/j.injury.2012.07.188

Panzer S, Covaliov L, Augat P, Peschel O. Traumatic brain injury: Comparison between autopsy and antemortem CT. J Forensic Leg Med. 2017;52:62- 9.10.1016/j.jflm.2017.08.007

Doddamani RS, Gupta SK, Singla N, Mohindra S, Singh P. Role of repeat CT scans in the management

of traumatic brain injury. Indian J Neurotrauma. 2012;9(1):33-9.10.1016/j.ijnt.2012.04.007

Oertel M, Kelly DF, McArthur D, Boscardin WJ, Glenn TC, Lee JH et al. Progressive hemorrhage after head trauma: predictors and consequences of the evolving injury. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(1):109- 16.10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0109

Cepeda S, Gomez PA, Castano-Leon AM, Martínez Perez R, Munarriz PM, Lagares A. Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage: risk factors associated with progression. J Neurotrauma. 2015;32(16):1246- 53.10.1089/neu.2014.3808

Servadei F, Murray GD, Penny K, Teasdale GM, Dearden M, Iannotti F, et al. The value of the “worst” computed tomographic scan in clinical studies of moderate and severe head injury. European Brain Injury Consortium. Neurosurgery. 2000;46:70–7. 10.1097/00006123-200001000-00014

Shah JM, Shah KS, Kumar J, Sundaram PK. Role of routine repeat computed tomography of brain in patients with mild and moderate traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. Asian J Neurosurg. 2017;12(3): 412-5.10.4103/1793-5482.180968

Sharifuddin A, Adnan J, Ghani AR, Abdullah JM. The role of repeat head computed tomography in the management of mild traumatic brain injury patients with a positive initial head CT. Med J Malaysia. 2012;67(3):305-8.PMID: 23082423

Cooper PR, Maravilla K, Moody S, Kemp-Clark W. Serial computerized tomographic scanning and the prognosis of severe head injury. Neurosurgery. 1979;5(5):566-9. 10.1227/00006123-197911000-00004

Published

2021-01-30

How to Cite

DELAYED TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CT SCAN & AUTOPSY FINDINGS . (2021). Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 37(2), 24–28. Retrieved from https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/jfmt/article/view/17240