EXTERNAL POST-MORTEM APPEARANCE INCLUDING INVOLUNTRY DISCHARGE WITH ASSOCIATED TRAUMA IN HANGING AND LIGATURE STRANGULATION IN AJMER DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN
Keywords:
Associated trauma, External Appearance, Hanging, Ligature Strangulation, Ligature Mark, Involuntary discharge, Post-mortem IntervalAbstract
Hanging has been observed as one of the oldest and widely used human execution method worldwide and is also a standard lawful method well known as Judicial Hanging. of ligature strangulation it was reddish brown and in two (2) cases parchmentisation was observed. Man has adopted various methods of suicide from hanging,slaying by sword as in the biblical times or intoxication,
poisoning, self immolation, and in modern days jumpingagainst a moving train, jumping from high rise building,use of fire arms.Hanging has been observed as one of theoldest and widely used human execution method worldwideand is also a standard lawful method well known as Judicial Hanging. Hanging and strangulation differs from eachother, there is neck constriction irrespective of the effectof body weight (Keithmant)1The injury to the neck orcompression of the neck involving the important structures may prove fatal. Hanging may be of different type i.e.,homicidal, judicial or autoerotic (Camps et al)2 Hanging is
one of the most common methods of suicide in India also.
References
Keithmant A. Taylor’s Principles and practice of
Medical Jurisprudence (1995); 13th edition, Churchill livingstone P- 282-322.
Camps F E, Hunt A C: Pressure on the neck, Journal of Forensic Medicine, (1959); 6 (3): 116-35.
Masood R, Tariq N, Shabbir S, Rehman H, Shehwar D, Muhammad A, Murad T. Analysis of injuries over neck and its association with ligature mark in hanging and ligature strangulation, International Journal of Pathology, 2020 17(3): 134-138.
Mansueto G, Feola A, Zangani P, Porzio A, Carfora A, Campobasso C P. A Clue on the Skin: A Systematic Review on Immunohistochemical Analyses of the Ligature Mark. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19 (4), 2035.
Singh N and Arya A K. A Prospective Study Of Autopsy Findings In Deaths Due To Hanging In Kanpur District of Uttarpradesh: Medico-legal update.Jan-June-2018, Vol(18) Issue-1 P- 102-106.
Sahoo N, Kumar N, Panda B B, Dutta A. Significance Of External Findings In Hanging Cases During Autopsy International Journal Of Biomedical And Advance Research 2016; 7(3): 119-122.
Bhausaheb N A, Baburao C S, Banerjee K K, Kohli A. Pattern of external and internal findings in deaths owing to hanging—a study in northeast Delhi. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2015; 4:1536-1539.
Sharma G A, Kumar S, Murty O P, Dogra T D. Study of ligature mark in asphyxia deaths of Hanging and Strangulation, International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine, (2002), Vol. - 4 (2), P - 21-24 .
Momonchand A, Meeradevi T H, Fimate L., Violent asphyxia death in Imphal. Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. (1998), Vol. 15 (1) P- 60- 64.
Gordon I and Shapiro H A. Forensic Medicine (A Guide to Principles) 3rd edition Churchill living Stone Edinburg London, (1988), P-110-114.
Knight B. Pressure on the neck. In Simpson’s K. Forensic Medicine. 9th edition. ELBS London (1985) P- 87-105.
Nandy A. Principal’s of Forensic Medicine Including Toxicology 3rd edition New Central Book Agency Pvt. Ltd. (2010), P- 320-351.
