Conceptual Insights on Shodhanartha Snehapana and its Effect on Lipid Homeostasis – Review Article

Abstract

Introduction: Snehapana, the oral administration of medicated ghee or oil, is a preparatory procedure before Shodhana Karma (purification), which facilitate the elimination of toxin from the body. The influence of Agni, Koshta plays a major role in Shodhanartha Snehapana, but still the concerns remain regarding possible lipid fluctuations during therapy. Methods: This conceptual review analyzes classical Ayurvedic texts and available scientific studies to elucidate the role of Agni and Koshtha in determining the suitability, dose, and duration of Shodhanartha Snehapana. Parameters, such as Ruchi, Jarana shakti, and Abhyavaharana shakti, were reviewed for assessing Agni. The probable mode of action of Snehapana elucidates the lipid metabolism and the significance of Shodhana \Karma in maintaining the lipid balance. Results and Discussion: The Duration of Snehapana varies from individual by the action of Agni and Koshta, that is. 3 days for Mridu, 5 days for Madhyama, and 7 days for Krura Koshtha. By understanding, Snehapana mobilizes doshas from peripheral tissues to the gastrointestinal tract for elimination. Evidence suggests that while plasma lipid levels may transiently rise during therapy, they return to normal after proper Shodhana. The effect of Snehapana on lipid metabolism is regulatory rather than pathological. Individualized assessment of Agni, Koshtha, and metabolic status is crucial before administration. Purva Karma, such as Rukshana Karma in obesity and hyperlipidemia, prevents undesirable lipid fluctuations. Properly conducted Samyak Snehapana, followed by Shodhana, supports metabolic balance and avoids long-term dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Shodhananga Snehapana, if properly administrated with due consideration of Agni, Koshtha, and Prakriti it does not disturb the lipid balance. Instead, it aids in restoring elevated lipid levels to normal after proper suitable Shodhana Karma. Further clinical studies are needed to validate these conceptual findings with biochemical evidence.