Screening of nitrogen fixers from root nodules associated with Albizia procera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5958/2582-2683.2023.00004.7Keywords:
Albizia procera, Rhizobia, P-solubilizers, siderophore, IAAAbstract
The rhizosphere contains a host of microorganisms that are affected by both abiotic stress and biotic stress. Low fertility is a major problem in establishing vegetation in degraded areas. Nitrogen (N) is an important plant nutrient needed for plant growth in abundance in the earth’s atmosphere however; most tropical soils are deficient in available N. In low-lying ecosystems and without human fertilization or supplementation, the nutrients found in plants come from organic matter or organic matter. The amount of fixed nitrogen depends on the nitrogen level of the soil, the type of rhizobia that attacks the pods, the growth of the plant and the length of the growing season. Nitrogen-fixing tree species can play an important role in stabilizing sandy and eroded soils, utilizing deep groundwater due to its broad roots and thus helping to increase soil fertility. Among the indigenous legume species Albizia procera is best known for the traditional legume species, which are associated with Rhizobium and this association leads to nitrogen fixation in the atmosphere. Soil rhizobial value calculations showed high number of bacteria in the soil sample of Baddi (297.21 cfu g-1) and a small amount in Solan (243.46 cfu g-1). On the basis of verification tests namely, congo red test, ketolactose testing and plant infection testing in all isolated areas, more than 70.58 per cent (26 of 34) were confirmed as rhizoba. All isolates are tested for factors that promote the growth of different plants, namely, p-solubilizers, siderophore producers and IAA producers. Of these 26 rhizobial isolate, 82.38 per cent were p-solubilizers, 54.45 per cent were siderophore producers and 75.47 per cent were IAA producers. This approach was to improve the bio-inoculum to increase soil fertility by injecting the most suitable type of bacteria that would bring the best plant into the natural environment without adding fertilizer from the outside. Rhizobia is very important in improving the availability of nitrogen in the soil.
Downloads
References
Antoun H, Beauchamp CJ, Goussard N, Chabot R and Lalande R. 1998. Potential of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on non-legumes: effect on radishes (Raphanus sativus L.). Plant and Soil, 204:57- 67.
Balota EL and Chaves JCD. 2011. Microbial activity in soil cultivated with different summer legumes in coffee crop. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 54: 35-44.
Bandivadekar K, Garge S, Phand A and Bhave M. 2016. Use of Plant Auxins Produced by Bacteria in Plant Tissue Culture and Seed Pre-treatment; A Possibility of Replacement of
Synthetic Auxins. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5: 123-29.
Bardin SD, Huang HC, Pinto J, Amundsen EJ and Erickson RS. 2004. Biological control of Pythium damping-off of pea and sugar beet by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 82: 291-96.
Bernaerts MJ and Deley J. 1963. A biochemical test for crown gall bacteria. Nature, 197:406-407.
Das K, Prasanna R and Saxena AK. 2017. Rhizobia : a potential biocontrol agent for soil born fungal pathogen. Folia Microbiologica, 62: 425-35.
Delvasto P, Valverde A, Ballester A, Igual JM, Munoz JA, Gonzalez F, Blazquez ML and Garcia C. 2006. Characterization of brushite as a re-crystallization product formed during bacterial solubilization of hydroxyapatite in batch cultures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36: 2645-54.
Deshwal VK and Chaubey A. 2014. Isolation and characterization of Rhizobium leguminosarum from root nodule of Pisum sativum L. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 2:464- 67.
Dipta B, Kirti S, Bhardwaj S, Gupta S and Kaushal R. 2017. Phosphate solubilising potential of Bacillus pumilus for the enhancement of cauliflower (Brassica olearacea var. botrytis L.). Ecology Environment and Conservation, 23:1541-48.
Ghabru A, Rana Neerja, Meenakshi and Sharma MM. 2019. Response of rhizobial inoculation to seed germination with respect to various seed sources of Albizia procera collected from Uttarakhand. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7: 1979-1984 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321-4902
Ghosh PK, De TK and Maiti TK. 2015. Production and metabolism of indole acetic acid in root nodules and symbiont (Rhizobium undicola) isolated from root nodule of aquatic medicinal legume Neptunia oleracea Lour. Journal of Botany, 15:1-11.
Goswami D, Dhandhukia P, Patel P, and Thakker JN. 2014. Screening of PGPR from saline desert of Kutch: growth promotion in Arachis hypogea by Bacillus licheniformis A2. Microbiological Research, 169: 66-75.
Haque SE and Ghaffar A. 1993. Use of Rhizobia in the Control of Root Rot Diseases of Sunflower, Okra, Soybean and Mungbean. Journal of Phytophathology, 138: 157-63.
Hofer AW. 1935. Method for distinguishing between legume bacteria and their most common contaminant. Journal of American Society of Agronomy, 27: 228-230.
Hoque S, Sultana N, Faruq AN, Bhuiyan MZR and Islam N. 2015. In vitro evaluation of selected biocontrol agents against foot and root rot pathogens of lentil. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 5: 8-15.
Kotasthane AS, Agrawal T, Zaidi NW and Singh US. 2017. Identification of siderophore producing and cynogenic fluorescent Pseudomonas and a simple confrontation assay to identify potential bio-control agent for collar rot of chickpea. 3 Biotech, 7: 137-45.
Kumar A, Dash D and Jhariya MK. 2013. Impact of Rhizobium on growth, biomass accumulation and nodulation in Dalbergia sissoo. The Bioscan, 8: 553-60.
Kumar GK and Ram MR. 2014. Phosphate solubilizing rhizobia isolated from Vigna trilobata. American Journal of Microbiological Research, 2:105-09.
Mohite B. 2013. Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (IAA) producing bacteria from rhizospheric soil and its effect on plant growth. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 13: 638-49.
Pikovskaya RI. 1948. Mobilization of phosphorus in soil in connection with the vital activity of some microbial species. Microbiologia, 7: 362-370.
Ramos-Solano B, Garcia JAL, Garcia-Villaraco A, Algar E, Garcia Cristobal J and Manero FJG. 2010. Siderophore and chitinase producing isolates from the rhizosphere of Nicotiana glauca Graham enhance growth and induce systemic resistance in Solanum lycopersicum L. Plant and Soil, 334:189-97.
Rangel MW, Thijs S, Janssen J, Longatti SMO, Bonaldi DS, Ribeiro PR, Jambon I, Eevers N, Weyens N, Vangronsveld J and Moreira FMS. 2017. Native rhizobia from Zn-mining soil promotes the growth of Leucaena leucocephala on contaminated soil. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 19:142-56.
Rfaki A, Nassiri L and Ibijbijen J. 2015. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Meknes Region, Morocco. British Microbiology Research Journal, 6:247- 54.
Sarayloo M, Olamaee M and Arzanesh MH. 2014. Evaluating the potential of Rhizobium rhizogenese in production auxin and nitrogen fixation. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8:958- 62.
Schwyn B and Neilands JB. 1987. Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophore. Analytical Biochemistry, 28:751-759.
Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH and Gobi TA. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springer Plus, 2:587-601.
Sridevi M and Mallaiah KV. 2009. Phosphate solubilization by Rhizobium strains. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 49:98-02. Totey NG, Khatri PK, Shadangi DK, Bagde M and Pathak HD. 1997. Effect of (Rhizobium) biofertilizer on the growth of seedlings and germination of seed of D. sissoo. Indian Journal of Forestry, 20:54-56.
Totey NG, Verma RK, Verghess M, Shadangi DK, Khatri PK and Pathak HD. 2000. Effect of (Rhizobium) biofertilizers and varying levels of phosphorus on the growth of forest legumes. (D. sissoo and Albizia procera). Indian Journal of Forestry, 23:205-07.
Vincent JM. 1947. Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors. Nature, 150:158-850.
Vincent JM. 1970. A manual for the practical study of root nodule bacteria. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 164p. Wieland G, Neumann R and Backhaus H. 2011. Variation of microbial communities in soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane in response to crop species, soil types and crop development. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 67:5849- 54.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
