Using bio-pesticides to control the black-headed fireworm, Rhopobota naevana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on apple, Malus domestica, in the mid-hill Himalayas of Kashmir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/jefa.2024.19.01.20Keywords:
Bio-pesticides, field efficacy, fruit, quality, Rhopobota naevanaAbstract
The black-headed fireworm, Rhopobota naevana (Hubner 1817) is emerging as a major apple pest. The use of
pesticides in apples leads to health and environmental risks. Biopesticides are considered an effective alternative to synthetic insecticides especially on fruit crops consumed as fresh by consumers. Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate three biopesticides, namely, emamectin benzoate 5% SG, azadirachtin 0.03% EC and spinosad 45% SC under field conditions in comparison with the insecticide chlorpyrifos 20% EC. The results revealed that emamectin benzoate and spinosad showed the highest toxicity when used at medium and high concentrations followed by a high tested concentration of azadirachtin when compared with standard check chlorpyrifos. The trees treated with high tested concentrations of spinosad recorded maximum larval mortality (95.24 and 95.83% at pea size and 96.30 and 95.24% at nut size fruit stage during 2018 and 2019, respectively) and emamectin benzoate (93.33 and 100% at pea size and 92.50 and 95.24% at nut size fruit stage during 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, azadirachtin was found more effective up to 10 days of application at all three tested concentrations. Emamectin benzoate and spinosad were found suitable for controlling blackheaded fireworm in India.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, N., Das, B., Verma, M.K. and Verma, R.K. 2008. Indian apple industry and challenges from imported apple. Presented in 3rd Indian Horticulture Congress at PUAT, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India 1-28.
Ambedkar, J.S., Pawar, A.S. and Sakhare, M.V. 2000. Bioefficacy of certain neem products against okra fruit borer. Journal of Mahrastra Agricltural University, 25: 42-45.
Anand, G.K.S., Sharma, R.K. and Shankarganesh, K. 2014. Evaluation of bio-efficacy and compatibility of emamectin benzoate with neem based biopesticide against fruit borers of brinjal and okra. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84: 746-753.
Baldi, I., Filleul, L., Mohammed-Brahim, B., Fabrigoule, C., Dartigues, J.F., Schwall, S., et al. 2001. Neuropsychologic effects of long-term exposure to pesticides: results from the French Phytoner study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109: 839-844.
Barreira, J.C.M., Arraibi, A.A. and Ferreira, I.C.F.R. 2019. Bioactive and functional compounds in apple pomace from juice and manufacturing: Potential use in dermal formulations. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 90: 76-87.
Brickle, D.S., Turnipseed, S.G. and Sullivan, M.J. 2001. Efficacy of insecticides of different chemistries against Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis and conventional cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94: 86-92.
Cameron, P.J. 1997. Comparative insecticide resistance of New Zealand and North American populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). New Zealand Journal of Crop Horticultural Science, 25: 117-122.
Chaudhary, D.A., Chaudhary, M.R. and Judal, A.L. 2014. Apple : varieties and its health benefits. Research Journal of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, 5: 35-38.
Cross, J.V. 1996. A pheromone trap survey of tortricid moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards in England subject to different insecticide management. Entomologist, 115: 168-180.
Dhingra, S., Walia, S., Kumar, J., Singh, S., Singh, G. and Parmar, B.S. 2008. Field efficacy of Azadirachtin -A, tetrahydroAzadirachtin -A, NeemAzal and endosulfan against key pests of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Pest Management Science, 64: 1187-1194.
Drogoudi, P.D. and Pantelidis, G. 2011. Effects of position on canopy and harvest time on fruit physico-chemical and antioxidant properties in different apple cultivars. Scientia Horticulture, 129: 752-760.
Gacemi, A. and Guenaoui, Y. 2012. Efficacy of emamectin benzoate on Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infesting a protected tomato crop in Algeria. Academic Journal of Entomology, 5: 37-40.
Ganai, M.A. and Khan, Z.H. 2017a. Biology and larval instar determination of blackheaded fireworm, Rhopobota naevana (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Bioscan, 12: 867- 872.
Ganai, M.A. and Khan, Z.H. 2017b. Population dynamics of blackheaded fireworm, Rhopobota naevana (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6: 2348-2354.
Ghosh, A., Chatterjee, M. and Roy, A. 2010. Bio-efficacy of spinosad against tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hub.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemies. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 2: 108-111.
Govindan, K., Gunasekaran, K. and Kuttalam, S. 2012. Field evaluation of emamectin benzoate 5 SG against okra fruit
borers. Madras Agriculture Journal, 99: 597-600.
Henderson, C.F. and Tilton, E.W. 1955. Test with acaricides against the brown wheat mite. Journal of Economic Entomology, 48: 157-161.
Hussain, B., Buhroo, A.A., War, A.R. and Sheerwani, A. 2018. An insect-pest complex and integrated pest management on apple in Jammu and Kashmir, India. In: Apple: Production and Value Chain Analysis (eds A. Nazeer, S.A., Wani and W.M., Wani), Daya Publishing House, A Division of Astral International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 261-278.
Hyson, D.A. 2011. A comprehensive review of apples and apple components and their relationship to human health. Advances in Nutrition, 2: 408-420.
Jansson, R.K., Peterson, R.F., Halliday, W.R., Mookerjee, P.K. and Dybas, R.A. 1996. Efficacy of solid formulations of emamectin benzoate at controlling lepidopterous pests. Florida Entomologist, 79: 434-449.
Jat, G.C., Swaminathan, I.R., Yadav, P.C., Swati, Deshwal, H.L., Choudhary, S. and Yadav, S.K. 2017. Relative efficacy and economics of bio-pesticides against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on cabbage. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6: 1853-1866.
Khursheed, S., Bhat, Z.A., Rather, G.H., Itoo, H., Malik, A.R. and Pandit, B.A. 2021. Occurrence of insect and mite pests and their natural enemies under high density apple agroecosystems in Kashmir. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 9: 993-998.
Khursheed, S. and Raj, D. 2013. Efficacy of insecticides and biopesticides against hadda beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) on bitter gourd. Indian Journal of Entomology, 75: 163-166.
Lopez, J.D., Latheef, M.A. and Hoffman, W.C. 2010. Effect of emamectin benzoate on mortality, proboscis extension, gustation and reproduction of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea. Journal of Insect Science, 10 (89). insectscience.org/10.89.
Mahmoud, M.M., Soliman, A.S.H., Abdel-Moniem, B. and Abdel Raheem, M.A. 2013. Impact of some insecticides and their mixtures on the population of tomato borers, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in tomato crop at Upper Egypt. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 47: 1764-1776.
Meena, N.K., Kanwat, P., Sharm, J.K. and Maharishi, R.P. 2011. Efficacy and economics of some insecticides, bio-pesticides and their combinations against shoot borer on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Journal of Entomological Research, 35: 29-34.
Meena, L.K. and Raju, S.V.S. 2014. Bio-efficacy of newer insecticides against tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (hubner) on tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill under field conditions. The Bioscan Scan, 9(1): 347-350.
Meszaros, Z., Adam, L., Balazs, K., Benedek, I.M., Csikae, C., Draskovits, A.D., Kozar, F., Lovei, G., Mahunka, S.,Meszleny, A., Mihalyi, et al. 1984. Results of faunistical and floristical studies in Hungarian apple orchards (Apple Ecosystem Research No. 26). Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 19: 91-96.
Nannini, M., Foddi, F., Murgia, G., Pisci, R. and Sanna, F. 2011. Insecticide efficacy trails for management of the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a pest in Sardinia (Italy). Acta Horticulture, 917: 47-53.
Nayak, M.K., Collin, P.J. and Pavic, H. 2002. Long-term effectiveness of grain protectants and structural treatments against Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocoptera: Liposcelidae), a pest of stored products. Pest Management Science, 58: 1223-1228.
Parmar, B.S. 1993. Scope of botanical pesticides in integrated pest management. Journal of Insect Science, 6: 15-20. Pennel, D. 2006. Food Standards Agency. Pesticide residues minimisation. Crop guide. http://www.food.gov.uk, 2006. Pineda, S., Smagghe, G., Schneider, M.I., Del-Estal, P., Vinuela, E., Martýinez, A.M. and Budia, F. 2006. Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of spinosad and methoxyfenozide to Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology, 35: 856-864.
Prasad, N.V.V.S.D., Rao, N.H.P. and Mahalaxmi, M.S. 2009. Population dynamics of major sucking pests infesting cotton and their relation to weather parameters. Journal of Cotton Research and Development, 22: 85-90.
Rawn, D., Quade, S., Wing-Fung, S., Fouguet, A., Belanger, A. and Smith, M. 2008. Captan residue reduction in apples as a result of rinsing and peeling. Food Chemistry, 109: 790- 796.
Rivas, A., Cerrillo, I., Granada, A., Mariscal-Arcas, M. and Olea Serrano, F. 2007. Pesticide exposure of two age groups of women and its relationship with their diet. Science of the Total Environment, 382: 14-21.
Roopa, M. and Kumar, C.T.A. 2014. Bio-efficacy of new insecticide molecules against capsicum fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences, 3: 219-221.
Roy, G., Gazmer, R., Sarkar, S., Laskar, N., Das, G. and Samata, A. 2016. Comparative bioefficacy of different insecticides against fruit and shoot borer Leucinodes arbonalis Guenee of brinjal and their effects on natural enemies. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10: S257.
Sharma, S.K. 2018. Apple high density orcharding – performance reckoning studies in respect of the agroecological challenges of Kinnaur. International Journal of Science and Research, 8: 636-642.
Shelton, A.M. and Nault, B.A. 2004. Dead-end trap cropping: a technique to improve management of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Crop Protection, 23: 497-503.
Simon, S., Brun, L., Guinaudeau, J. and Sauphanor, B. 2011. Pesticide use in current and innovative apple orchard systems agronomy. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 31: 541-55.
Sparks, T.C., Thompson, G.D., Kirst, H.A., Hertlein, M.B., Larson, L.L., Woden, T.W. and Thibault, S.T. 1998. Biological activity of the Spinosyns, new fermentation derived insect control agents, on tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Journal of Economical Entomology, 30: 1277-1283.
Sporleder, M. and Lacey, L.A. 2013. Biopesicides: insect pests of potato. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386895- 4.00016-8.
Sridevi, T., Krishnayya, P.V. and Rao, P.A. 2004. Efficacy of microbial alone and in combinations on larval mortality of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.). Annals of Plant Protection Science, 12: 243-247.
Suganthy, M. and Sakthivel, P. 2013. Field evaluation of biopesticides against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. infesting Gloriosa superba (Linn.). Journal of Biopesticides, 6: 90-95.
Wanner, K.W., Helson, B.V. and Harris, B.J. 2000. Laboratory and field evaluation of spinosad against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Pest Management Science, 56: 855-860.
Williams, T., Valle, J. and Vinuela, E. 2003. Is the naturally derived insecticide spinosad 407- 408 compatible with insect natural enemies? Biocontrol Sciience and Technology, 13: 459- 475.
Yadav, S.K., Kumawat, K.C., Deshwal, H.L., Kumar, S. and Manohar, S.V.S. 2017. Bioeffiacy of newer and biorational insecticides against shoot and fruit borer, Earias Spp on okra. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 6: 1035-1044.
Zadoks, J.C. and Waibel, H. 1999. From pesticides to genetically modified plants: history, economics and politics. Netherlands Journal of Agriculture Science, 48: 125-149.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
