Comparison of Mixed and Choice Feeding of Whole Wheat (Triticum aestivum) on the Performance of Commercial Broilers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.19.2.12Keywords:
Choice feeding, Commercial broilers, Economics, Mixed feeding, Production performanc, Whole wheatAbstract
Wheat is the cereal grain of choice for Whole Grain Feeding (WGF) in poultry, despite the fact that globally maize is the most commonly used cereal grain. In this context, in the present study feeding of whole wheat to commercial broilers with two types of feeding systems were used ie. mixed and choice feeding systems of wheat with different levels of replacement with maize by 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. The body weight and body weight gain of birds fed with 20% and 40% choice feeding of wheat was found to be the highest (p<0.05). The mean wheat consumption (g/bird) from total feed consumption under choice feeding during 2 to 6 weeks of age in birds fed with 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% were found to be 363.18, 720.12, 1398.45, 2160.30 and 3202.10, respectively. Birds fed with choice feeding of 40% wheat showed significantly (p<0.05) improved FCR. The highest livability (%) was found in the birds fed with 40% and 100% choice feeding of wheat. The gizzard weight (g) showed non-significant difference among the birds fed with various treatment rations. The highest return over feed cost (in Rs.) was found in the birds fed with 40% choice feeding of wheat. The overall results indicated that choice feeding system is more suitable for better body weight gain and improved FCR as compared to mixed feeding system of whole wheat. Feeding with 40% maize in diet replaced by wheat and offered in separate feeder is more economical and profitable due to higher body weight gain, improved FCR and acceptable mortality.
Downloads
References
Amerah, A.M. (2015). Interactions between wheat characteristics and feed enzyme supplementation in broiler diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 199, 1-9.
Bennet, C.D., Classen, H.L., & Ridell, C. (2002). Feeding broiler chickens of wheat and barley diets containing whole, ground and pelleted grain. Poultry Science, 81, 995-1003.
Bhagora, N.J., Savaliya, F.P., Patel, A.B., & Patel, D.C. (2022). Effect of whole wheat (Triticum aestivum) feeding on the performance of commercial broilers. Indian Journal of Veterinary Science and Biotechnology, 18 (4), 15-20.
Biggs, P., & Parsons C.M. (2009). The effects of whole grains on nutrient digestibilities, growth performance and caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in young chicks fed ground corn-soybean meal diets. Poultry Science, 88, 1893-1905.
Chamba, F., Puyalto, M., Ortiz, A., Torrealba, H., Mallo, J.J., & Riboty, R. (2014). Effect of partially protected sodium butyrate on performance, digestive organs, intestinal villi and E. coli development in broiler chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13 (7), 390-396.
Cruz, V.C., Pezzato, A.C., Pinheiro, D.F., Goncalves, J.C., & Sartori, J.R. (2005). Effect of free choice feeding on the performance and illeal digestibility of nutrients in broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 7(3), 143-150.
Emadinia, A., Toghyani, M., Ghesari, A., & Tabeidian, S.A. (2017). Effect of whole wheat and wet feeding on growth performance and immunity of broiler chicks. Journal of Livestock Science, 8, 225-230.
Engberg, R.M., Hedemann, M.S., Steenfedlt, S., & Jenson, B.B. (2004). Influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract. Poultry Science, 83, 925-938.
Fanatico, A.C., Owens-Hanning, C.M., Gansaulis, V.B., & Donoghue, A.M. (2016). Choice feeding of protein concentrate and grain to organic meet chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 25, 156-164.
Gracia, M.I., Sanchez, J., Millan, C., Casabuena, O., Vesseur, P., Martin, A., Garcia-Pena, F.J., & Medel, P. (2016). Effect of feed form and whole grain feeding on gastrointestinal weight and the prevalence of Campylobacter Jejuni in broilers orally infected. Plos One, 10(1371), 1-16.
Hosseni, S.M., & Afshar, M. (2016). Effects of feed form and xylanase supplementation on performance and illeal nutrients digestibility of heat stressed broilers fed wheat-soybean diet. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45(1), 550-556.
Jordan, D., Stuhee, I., & Bessei, W. (2010). Effect of whole wheat and feed pellets distribution in the litter on the broiler’s activity and performance. European Poultry Science, 75(2), 1-11.
Mikulski, D., Jankowski, J., Majewska, T., & Zdunczyk, Z. (2015). Efficacy of free choice feeding of ground wheat or whole grain wheat and protein concentrate to turkeys. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 33(2), 165-175.
Mingbin, L., Lei, Y., Wang, Z., An, S., Wu, M., & Lv, Z. (2015). Effects of feed form and feed particle size on growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestive tract development of broilers. Animal Nutrition, 1, 252-256.
Mossami, A. (2011). Effect of different inclusions of oat hulls on performance, carcass yield and gut development in broiler chickens. Swedish University of Agricultural Science. Department of Animal Nutrition and Management.
Preston, C.M., McCraken, K.J., & McAllistar, A. (2000). Effect of diet form and enzyme supplementation on growth efficiency and energy utilization wheat based diets for broilers. British Poultry Science, 41, 324-341.
Ravindran, V., Wu, Y.B., Thomas, D.G., & Morel, P.C.H. (2006). Influence of whole wheat feeding on the development of gastrointestinal tract and performance of broiler chickens. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57(1), 21-26.
Research and Markets (2021). Indian poultry market report 2021: Industry trends, share, size, growth, opportunity and forecasts 2021-2026. https://www.businesswire.com
Singh, Y., Ravindran, V., Wester, T.J., Molan, A.L., & Ravindran, G. (2014). Influence of pre-pelleting of whole corn on performance, nutrient utilization, digestive tract measurements, and caecal microbiota of young broilers. Poultry Science, 93, 3073-3082.
Snedecor, G.W., & Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods. 8th edn. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Sramkova, Z., Gregova, E., & Sturdik, E. (2009). Chemical composition and nutritional quality of wheat grain. Acta Chemica Slovaca, 2(1), 115-138.
Yao, J., Tian, X., Xi, H., Han, J., Xu., & Wu, X. (2006). Effect of choice feeding on performance, Gastrointestinal development and feed utilization of broilers. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 19(1), 91-96.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
