Surveillance of Infertility and Abortions due to Brucellosis in Cattle Farms in Bidar District of Karnataka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.22.3.22Keywords:
Brucellosis, Cattle farm, iELISA, Reproductive disorders, Syndromic surveillance.Abstract
The present study was aimed to conduct both syndromic and active surveillance of brucellosis in major reproductive disorders in 200 cattle including repeat breeding (53), anestrus (34), retention of fetal membranes (RFM, 64), and abortions with retained fetal membranes (49). For syndromic surveillance, pooled milk samples of 5 tehsils/farms and 200 individual milk samples (40 per farm) were analyzed using the milk ring test (MRT). Active surveillance involved testing blood samples using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA). Among the reproductive issues observed in the study area, RFM was the most prevalent accounting for 32% (64 cases) followed by repeat breeding (26.5%), abortion with retained placenta (24.5%) and anestrus (17%). Syndromic surveillance through MRT identified brucellosis in 16.32% (8/49) of abortion cases with retained placenta, 6.25% (4/64) of RFM cases, 5.6% (3/53) of repeat breeder animals and 2.94% (1/34) of anestrus cases. Active surveillance using iELISA revealed a brucellosis incidence of 18.3% in abortion with RFM cases, 14% in RFM cases, 9.4% in repeat breeders and 0% in anestrus animals. Overall, iELISA detected anti-Brucella antibodies in 11.5% of animals exhibiting reproductive disorders, making it the most sensitive diagnostic tool among those applied. The integration of syndromic and active surveillance approaches in this study effectively identified brucellosis as a major cause of abortion associated reproductive problems in the Bidar district.
Downloads
References
Adetunji, S. A., Ramirez, G., Ficht, A. R., Perez, L., Foster, M. J., & Arenas-Gamboa, A. M. (2020). Building the evidence base for the prevention of raw milk-acquired brucellosis: A systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 76.
Ali, S., Ali, Q., Abatih, E. N., Ullah, N., Muhammad, A., Khan, I., & Akhter, S. (2013). Sero-prevalence of Brucella abortus among dairy cattle and buffaloes in Pothohar Plateau, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45, 1041–1046.
Alton, G. G., Jones, L. M., Angus, R. D., & Verger, J. M. (1988). Serological methods. In Techniques for the Brucellosis Laboratory (pp. 157–167).
Anuradha, P., & Ganesan, P. I. (2006). Use of RBT and C-ELISA in the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. Indian Veterinary Journal, 83, 999–1000.
Benti, A. D., & Zewdie, W. (2014). Major reproductive health problems of indigenous Borena cows in Ethiopia. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 4, 182–188.
Bhattacharya, H., Ahmed, D. K., & Rahman, H. (2005). Studies on seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis by different tests. Journal of Veterinary Public Health, 3, 131–133.
Chahota, R., Sharma, M., Katoch, R. C., Verma, S., Singh, M. M., Kapoor, V., & Asrani, R. K. (2003). Brucellosis outbreak in an organized dairy farm involving cows and in-contact human beings in Himachal Pradesh, India. Veterinarski Arhiv, 73, 95–102.
Chand, P., & Chhabra, R. (2013). Herd and individual animal prevalence of bovine brucellosis with associated risk factors on dairy farms in Haryana and Punjab in India. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 45, 1313–1319.
Chand, P., & Sharma, A. K. (2004). Situation of brucellosis in bovines at organized cattle farms belonging to three different states. Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology, 6, 11–15.
Chettri, S., Ahmed, K., Sarma, D. K., & Bhattacharyya, B. N. (2015). Evaluating sero-prevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle. Intas Polivet, 16, 204–206.
Deresa, B., Tulu, D., & Deressa, F. B. (2020). Epidemiological investigation of cattle abortion and its association with brucellosis in Jimma zone, Ethiopia. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 11, 87–98.
Erdenlig Gürbilek, S., Tel, O. Y., & Keskin, O. (2017). Comparative evaluation of three serological tests for the detection of Brucella antibodies from infected cattle herds. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45, 557–559.
Gogoi, S. B., Hussain, P., Sarma, C., Barua, A. G., Mahato, G., Bora, D. P., Konch, P., & Gogoi, P. (2017). Prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Assam, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5, 179–185.
Gujrathi, A. R. (2016). Sero-prevalence and diagnosis of brucellosis in cows (M.V.Sc Thesis). Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, India.
Gwida, M., Al-Dahouk, S., Melzer, F., Rösler, U., Neubauer, H., & Tomaso, H. (2010). Brucellosis – regionally emerging zoonotic disease? Croatian Medical Journal, 51, 289–295.
Haile, A., Kassa, T., Mihret, M., & Asfaw, Y. (2010). Major reproductive disorders in crossbred dairy cows under smallholding in Addis Ababa milkshed, Ethiopia. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6, 412–418.
Jain, L., Kumar, V., Chaturvedi, S., Roy, G., & Barbuddhe, S. B. (2019). Seroprevalence of brucellosis in bovines of Chhattisgarh, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 53, 255–259.
Jamil, T., Kasi, K. K., Melzer, F., Saqib, M., Ullah, Q., Khan, M. R., Dadar, M., Tayyab, M. H., Schwarz, S., & Neubauer, H. (2020). Revisiting brucellosis in small ruminants of western border areas in Pakistan. Pathogens, 9, 929.
Kanaka, S. L. K. (2009). Sero-epidemiological studies on bovine and ovine brucellosis in certain parts of Andhra Pradesh (M.V.Sc Thesis). Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, India.
Khan, M. H., Manoj, K., & Pramod, S. (2016). Reproductive disorders in dairy cattle under semi-intensive system of rearing in North Eastern India. Veterinary World, 9, 512.
Khurana, S. K., Sehrawat, A., Tiwari, R., Prasad, M., Gulati, B., Shabbir, M. Z., Chhabra, R., Karthik, K., Patel, S. K., Pathak, M., & Iqbal Yatoo, M. (2021). Bovine brucellosis: A comprehensive review. The Veterinary Quarterly, 41, 61–88.
Kumar, V. N., Bharathi, M. V., & Porteen, K. (2017). Risk factors associated with prevalence of bovine brucellosis in milk from Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6, 2604–2609.
Kumar, V. N., Bharathi, M. V., Porteen, K., & Sekar, M. (2016). Milk ring test as a ready aid to diagnose bovine brucellosis in lactating cows of Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Advanced Dairy Research, 4, 2–4.
Kutty, C. I., & Ramachandran, K. (2003). Bovine infertility: A field-oriented categorisation based on investigation among crossbred cattle in a district of Kerala. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 73, 155–157.
OIE. (2009). Bovine brucellosis. In Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (pp. 409–435). Office International des Epizootics, Paris.
Panchasara, H. H. (2007). Sero-epizootiology, experimental modulation of vaccinal immunity, and economic impact assessment of bovine brucellosis in North Gujarat (Ph.D. Thesis). Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Gujarat, India.
Patel, M. D., Patel, P. R., Tyagi, K. K., & Sorathiya, L. M. (2015). Bovine brucellosis in reproductive disorders of dairy animals in peri-urban areas of Gujarat. Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology, 11(2), 31–36.
Shantveer, Gopa. (2022). Prevalence and zoonotic importance of brucellosis in cattle in and around Bidar (M.V.Sc Thesis). Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, India.
Shome, R. S., Padmashree, B. S., Krithiga, N. K. N., Triveni, K. T., Sahay, S. S., Shome, B. R., Singh, P. S., & Rahman, H. (2014). Bovine brucellosis in organized farms of India: An assessment of diagnostic assays and risk factors. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2, 557–564.
Singh, B. B., Dhand, N. K., & Gill, J. P. S. (2015). Economic losses occurring due to brucellosis in Indian livestock populations. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 119(4), 211–215.
Song, X., Li, K., Zhang, H., Lan, Y., & Luo, H. (2018). Brucella infection in goats in Hubei province, China. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 52, 148–150.
Suresh, K. P., Patil, S. S., Nayak, A., Dhanze, H., Rajamani, S., Shivamallu, C., Cull, C. A., & Amachawadi, R. G. (2022). Prevalence of brucellosis in livestock of African and Asian continents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 923.
Ullah, Q., Jamil, H., Lodhi, L. A., Qureshi, Z. I., Ullah, S., Jamil, T., Khan, I., Bashir, S., Wazir, I., Sallam, M. A., & Zubair, M. (2019). Brucellosis is significantly associated with reproductive disorders in dairy cattle of Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51(5), 1995–1997.
Whatmore, A. M., Koylass, M. S., Muchowski, J., Edwards-Smallbone, J., Gopaul, K. K., & Perrett, L. L. (2016). Extended multilocus sequence analysis to describe the global population structure of the genus Brucella: Phylogeography and relationship to biovars. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 2049.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
