An Overview of Amperometric Biosensors for Clinical and Medicinal Drug Monitoring

Abstract

Endogenous substances and therapeutic medicines may be  determined quickly and easily in clinical samples thanks to the  combination of enzymes and electrode transducers. New  advances in electrochemical biosensor operation, downsizing,  and microfabrication open up new prospects for biological and  pharmacological investigation. This study looks at the current  state of amperometric enzyme electrodes (AEE) in biomedicine which focus on recent developments and tasks. Continuous drug  monitoring is a viable alternative to existing therapeutic drug  monitoring (TDM) methods, with the potential to significantly  change our knowledge of pharmacokinetic variability and  enhance personalized treatment. This study focuses on current  advancements in bio-sensing technologies that enable real-time  drug surveillance. We mainly work on biosensors based on  aptamers, as well as wearable and implantable devices. The  methods used in the construction of biosensors are highlighted.