An Overview of Genetics and Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Keywords:
Candidate Genes, Genetics, Genes, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, PhenotypesAbstract
The present status in this article, the genetics of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is discussed (OCD). Heredity has a key role in the development of OCD. This information is derived from a range of investigations, involving family, double, and segregate studies conducted. A large single gene influence as well as a genetically determined explanation have been postulated based on segregation research. In addition, molecular genetic associations and connection studies have uncovered a number of fascinating genes and genomic areas that may play a role in OCD. As a consequence of the gene search, classifications of the OCD phenotype have emerged, and some of them may be considered intermediate morphologies between it gene influence and the OCD–DSM-IV diagnosis. Finding susceptibility genes is made more challenging by the clinical and genetic diversity of OCD; nonetheless, pinpointing vulnerability genes will aid in the identification of subgroups or considerations of the condition. As a consequence, research strategies that employ clinical subtyping to characterize the OCD presentation in the perspective the genetic studies might potentially aid in the diagnosis and etiology of OCD. In OCD, the relationship involving genetic and environmental is poorly known. However, there have been a lot of publications that have attempted to determine how the environment affects OCD will be addressed.
Downloads
References
H. Nicolini, P. Arnold, G. Nestadt, N. Lanzagorta, and J. L. Kennedy, “Overview of genetics and obsessive-compulsive disorder,” Psychiatry Research. 2009.
E. Scotti-Muzzi and O. L. Saide, “Schizo-obsessive spectrum disorders: An update,” CNS Spectrums. 2017.
H. Deng, K. Gao, and J. Jankovic, “The genetics of Tourette syndrome,” Nature Reviews Neurology. 2012.
K. C. Kirkby, “Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Towards better understanding and outcomes,” Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2003.
D. J. Stein, “Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Practical Management,” CNS Spectr., 1999.
G. A. Bernstein and A. M. Victor, “Childhood anxiety disorders,” in The Medical Basis of Psychiatry: Third Edition, 2008.
M. M. Antony, A. Federici, and M. B. Stein, “Overview and Introduction to Anxiety Disorders,” Oxford Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders. 2008.
S. Walitza et al., “European research in early onset obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and the International College of Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS),” Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2011.
A. Harrington et al., “News and notes,” Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., 2015.
C. M. Bulik, L. Blake, and J. Austin, “Genetics of Eating Disorders: What the Clinician Needs to Know,” Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2019.
R. Hashimoto et al., “Imaging Genetics and Psychiatric Disorders,” Curr. Mol. Med., 2015.
I. Jéru, “Update on the Genetics of Autoinflammatory Disorders,” Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 2019. [13] S. V. Faraone and H. Larsson, “Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,” Molecular Psychiatry. 2019. [14] A. Di Fonzo, E. Monfrini, and R. Erro, “Genetics of Movement Disorders and the Practicing Clinician; Who and What to Test for?,” Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep., 2018.
E. J. Radford and H. V. Firth, “The genetics of developmental disorders,” Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom). 2019.
C. Arango et al., “Risk and protective factors for mental disorders beyond genetics: an evidence-based atlas,” World Psychiatry, 2021.
P. Nair, S. Bizzari, N. Rajah, N. Assaf, M. T. Al-Ali, and A. R. Hamzeh, “Genetics of multifactorial disorders: Proceedings of the 6th Pan Arab Human Genetics Conference,” J. Transl. Med., 2016.
C. Bulik, Z. Yilmaz, and A. HArdaway, “Genetics and epigenetics of eating disorders,” Adv. Genomics Genet., 2015. [19] E. M. Weiss, W. Parson, H. Niederstätter, J. Marksteiner, and A. Lampe, “Genetics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD),” PPmP Psychother. Psychosom. Medizinische Psychol., 2019.
N. Craddock and L. Forty, “Genetics of affective (mood) disorders,” European Journal of Human Genetics. 2006. [21] Z. Gan-Or, R. N. Alcalay, G. A. Rouleau, and R. B. Postuma, “Sleep disorders and Parkinson disease; lessons from genetics,” Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2018.
K. J. Mitchell, The Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. 2015.
J. Argente, K. Tatton-Brown, D. Lehwalder, and R. Pfäffle, “Genetics of Growth Disorders—Which Patients Require Genetic Testing?,” Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2019.
Y. S. Kim and M. W. State, “Recent challenges to the psychiatric diagnostic nosology: A focus on the genetics and genomics of neurodevelopmental disorders,” Int. J. Epidemiol., 2014.
J. D. Murdoch and M. W. State, “Recent developments in the genetics of autism spectrum disorders,” Current Opinion in Genetics and Development. 2013.
