Date Palm propagation through tissue culture
Keywords:
Date Palm, propagationAbstract
Date palm is one of the important arid fruit crops, naturally propagated through offshoots and seeds. These methods of
propagation are not sufficient to meet the demand of genetically uniform large scale plantation of female date palm plants.
This demand has been realized through tissue culture methods; embryogenesis and organogenesis. Initially somatic
embryogenesis (SE) protocols have been developed for several cultivars of date palm in different countries for its large scale
multiplication and planted in the field. After noticing abnormalities in some of the date palm plants developed through SE due
to somaclonal variations, organogenesis method has been developed though it has low multiplication rate. Now-a-days date
palm is commercially produced by organogenesis method in Morocco, UAE and Saudi Arabia. Research focus has also been
given on identification of somaclonal variations in date palm plants produced by SE method by molecular markers, increasing
multiplication rate in organogenesis method by modifying cultural conditions, automation of protocols, identification of exact
cells involving in embryo formation and their mechanisms, etc. In India, recently SE protocol developed by public sector for
commercial use and several public and private sectors involved in production of date palm plants by tissue culture approach.
However many challenges ahead still needs to be resolved are; precise identification of somaclonal variants in in vitro,
increasing multiplication rate in organogenesis, reducing duration in juvenile phase for callus induction in SE and shoot bud
formation in organogenesis, developing genotype independent tissue culture protocols.
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References
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