Review of shielded herbicide sprayers and effects of different spray shields in spray deposition and particle drift
Keywords:
Shielded sprayer, volume median diameter, drift, herbicideAbstract
Effective use of pesticides (Insecticide, Fungicide, Herbicides etc.) in the crop is of concern since many years. Pesticide applied through conventional sprayers is lost through drift due to many machine factors (nozzle type, nozzle pressure, height of spraying etc.) and environmental factors (wind direction, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity etc.). For efficient weed control sprayer must able to spray herbicides at root zone and lower ground heights. Mechanical devices, such as protective shields which cover the sprayer boom or individual nozzles, may contribute to reduce the amount of spray being displaced during windy conditions. This paper reviews work carried out by various researchers on development of different shielded sprayers for insecticide & herbicide application and their role in drift reduction and efficient droplet deposition.
References
Bainer, R. Kepner, R.A. and Barger, E.L. 1963. Principles of farm machinery. Wiley, NY.
Carballido, J. A., Lizana, R, Agüera,J. and Ruiz, P. 2013. Field sprayer for inter- and intra-row weed control: performance and labor savings. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research (11), 642-651.
Chancellor, W.J. and Goronea, M. A. 1993. Effects of spatial variability of nitrogen, moisture, and weeds on the advantages of site-specific applications for wheat. Transactions of the ASAE (37), 717-724 (1993).
Fehringer, R.J. and Cavaletto, R.A..1990. Spray drift reduction with shrouded boom sprayers. ASAE Paper No. 90 –008.
Furness, G. O. 1991. A comparison of simple bluff plate and axial fans for air-assisted, high-speed, low-volume spray application to wheat and sunflower plants. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (48), 57 – 75.
Hanks, J. E. and Beck, J. L. 1998. Sensor controlled hooded sprayer for row crops, Weed Technology (12), 308-31.
Lawrence, H. G., Adams, E. R., Larry, G. H. and Richard, A. W. 1998. A Canopied Sprayer for Accurate Application of Herbicides. Agronomy Journal (90), 109-112.
Maybank, J., Shewchuk, S. R., Wallace, K. 1990. The use of shielded nozzles to reduce of f-target herbicide spray drift. Canadian Agricultural Engineering (32), 235 – 241.
Mayer, G. E., Mehta, T., Kocher, M. F., Mortensen, D. A. and Samal, A. 1998. Textural imaging and discriminant analysis for distinguishing weeds for spot spraying. Transactions of the ASAE (41),1189-1197).
Sidahmed, M. M., Awadalla, H. H. and Haidar, M. A. 2004. Symmetrical multi-foil shields for reducing spray drift. Biosystems Engineering (88), 305-312.
Stout, C. B. 1992. Bent on banding. Prairie Farmer (164), 6, 10, 35.
Tangwongkit, R.,Salokhe, V.M. and Jayasuriya, H.P.W. 2006. Development of a Real-time, Variable Rate Herbicide Applicator Using Machine Vision for Between-row Weeding of Sugarcane Fields. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR E journal (8), 1-12.
Tewari, V.K., Kumar, A.A., Nare, B., Prakash, S. and Tyagi, A. 2014. Microcontroller based roller contact type herbicide applicator for weed control under row crops. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, (104), 40-45.
Tewari, V.K. and Mittra, B.N. 1982. Low-cost herbicide applicating machine with weeder attachment (IITWAM-82). In: Ninth Conference of the Asian Pacific Weed Science Society, Metro Manila, Philippines, pp. 424–427.
Tewari, V.K., Nare, B., Kumar, S.P., Chandel, A.K and Tyagi, A. 2014. A six-row tractor mounted microcoprocessor based herbicide applicator for weed control in row crops. International Pest Control (56), 162-165.
Welker, W.V. 1985. A hand roller wiper for lawns and gardens. In: Proceedings of 39th Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Weed Sci. Soc. USDA-ARS, pp. 259.
Wolf, T. M., Grover, R., Wallace, K., Shewchuk, S. R. and Maybank, J. 1993. Effect of protective shields on drift and deposition characteristics of field sprayers. Canadian Journal of Plant Science (73), 1261 – 1273.
Wyse, D.L. and Habstritt, C. 1977. A roller herbicide applicator. Proc. North. Central Weed Control Conf. (32), pp. 144–145.
Zhang, N. and Chaisattapagon, C. 1995. Effective criteria for weed identification in wheat fields using machine vision. Transactions of the ASAE (38), 965-975.
