Effect of oat-based edible protective coating on quality and shelf life of broccoli heads stored at refrigerated temperature
Keywords:
Edible coating, fresh-cut-vegetables, minimal processing, oat-based-coating, shelf-lifeAbstract
The effectiveness of oat starch (OS) and cinnamon essential oil (CEO) based edible coatings on fresh-cut broccoli's quality aspects and shelf life for 21 days at ± 5 °C were studied. Oat-based natural coatings were determined to preserve broccoli quality features and improve its shelf life effectively. Compared to coated samples, untreated broccoli showed a much higher percentage weight loss. The greenness (-a*) values during the course of storage showed that treated samples had less yellowing and greater green color retention than untreated samples. Oat starch-coated samples consistently showed lower ascorbic acid and chlorophyll degradation rates than untreated samples. The total plate count and yeast and mold load increased in all samples throughout the storage; untreated samples experienced a greater increase in microbial load. However, the treated ones were effective in maintaining low microbial loads, particularly the treatments with 2% OS + 0.5% CEO in maintaining lower microbial populations. The broccoli heads treated with different coating compositions received a higher score on sensory evaluation than the uncoated sample; however, coatings with CEO received a little lower score on sensory character aroma.
References
Aayush, K., McClements, D. J., Sharma, S., Sharma, R., Singh, G. P., Sharma, K., and Oberoi, K. 2022. Innovations in the development and application of edible coatings for fresh and minimally processed Apple. Food Control, 141, 109188. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCONT.2022.109188
Alvarez, M. V., Bambace, M. F., Quintana, G., Gomez-Zavaglia, A., and Moreira, M. del R. 2021. Prebiotic-alginate edible coating on fresh-cut apple as a new carrier for probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. LWT, 137, 110483. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2020.110483
Ansorena, M. R., Marcovich, N. E., and Roura, S. I. 2011. Impact of edible coatings and mild heat shocks on quality of minimally processed broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) during refrigerated storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 59(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2010.08.011
AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemistry, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
Artés, F., and Allende, A. 2005. Minimal Fresh Processing of Vegetables, Fruits and Juices. Emerging Technologies for Food Processing, 677–716. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012676757-5/50028-1
Ben-Fadhel, Y., Saltaji, S., Khlifi, M. A., Salmieri, S., Dang Vu, K., and Lacroix, M. 2017. Active edible coating and γ-irradiation as cold combined treatments to assure the safety of broccoli florets (Brassica oleracea L.). International Journal of Food Microbiology, 241, 30–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJFOODMICRO.2016.10.010
Bousquet, J., le Moing, V., Blain, H., Czarlewski, W., Zuberbier, T., de la Torre, R., Pizarro Lozano, N., Reynes, J., Bedbrook, A., Cristol, J. P., Cruz, A. A., Fiocchi, A., Haahtela, T., Iaccarino, G., Klimek, L., Kuna, P., Melén, E., Mullol, J., Samolinski, B., Anto, J. M. 2021. Efficacy of broccoli and glucoraphanin in COVID-19: From hypothesis to proof of-concept with three experimental clinical cases. World Allergy Organization Journal, 14(1), 100498. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WAOJOU.2020.100498
el Halal, S. L. M., Kringel, D. H., Zavareze, E. da R., and Dias, A. R. G. 2019. Methods for Extracting Cereal Starches from Different Sources: A Review. Starch - Stärke, 71(11–12), 1900128. https://doi.org/10.1002/STAR.201900128
Elsayed, N., Hassan, A. A. moneim, Abdelaziz, S. M., Abdeldaym, E. A., and Darwish, O. S. 2022. Effect of Whey Protein Edible Coating Incorporated with Mango Peel Extract on Postharvest Quality, Bioactive Compounds and Shelf Life of Broccoli. Horticulturae 2022, Vol. 8, Page 770, 8(9), 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/HORTICULTURAE8090770
Ghasemnezhad, M., Zareh, S., Rassa, M., and Sajedi, R. H. 2013. Effect of chitosan coating on maintenance of aril quality, microbial population and PPO activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Tarom) at cold storage temperature. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(2), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.5770
Ghidelli, C., Mateos, M., Rojas-Argudo, C., and Pérez-Gago, M. B. 2014. Extending the shelf life of fresh-cut eggplant with a soy protein–cysteine based edible coating and modified atmosphere packaging. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 95, 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2014.04.007
Iñiguez-Moreno, M., Ragazzo-Sánchez, J. A., Barros-Castillo, J. C., Sandoval-Contreras, T., and Calderón-Santoyo, M. 2020. Sodium alginate coatings added with Meyerozyma caribbica: Postharvest biocontrol of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 163, 111123. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2020.111123
Kahramanoğlu, I., Chen, C., Chen, J., and Wan, C. 2019. Chemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Activity, and Food Preservative Characteristics of Aloe vera Gel. Agronomy 2019, Vol. 9, Page 831, 9(12), 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY9120831
Li, H., Xia, Y., Liu, H. Y., Guo, H., He, X. Q., Liu, Y., Wu, D. T., Mai, Y. H., Li, H. bin, Zou, L., and Gan, R. Y. 2022. Nutritional values, beneficial effects, and food applications of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck). Trends in Food Science and Technology, 119, 288–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIFS.2021.12.015
Li, L., Yi, P., Li, C., Xin, M., Sun, J., He, X., Sheng, J., Zhou, Z., Zheng, F., Li, J., Liu, G., Ling, D., Tang, J., Li, Z., Yang, Y., and Tang, Y. 2021. Influence of polysaccharide-based edible coatings on enzymatic browning and oxidative senescence of fresh-cut lettuce. Food Science and Nutrition, 9(2), 888–899. https://doi.org/10.1002/FSN3.2052
Murmu, S. B., and Mishra, H. N. 2018. The effect of edible coating based on Arabic gum, sodium caseinate and essential oil of cinnamon and lemon grass on guava. Food Chemistry, 245, 820–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2017.11.104
Nadeem, A., Ahmad, S. F., AL-Ayadhi, L. Y., Attia, S. M., Al-Harbi, N. O., Alzahrani, K. S., and Bakheet, S. A. 2020. Differential regulation of Nrf2 is linked to elevated inflammation and nitrative stress in monocytes of children with autism. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 113, 104554. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYNEUEN.2019.104554
Nagraj, G. S., Chouksey, A., Jaiswal, S., and Jaiswal, A. K. 2020. Broccoli. Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fruits and Vegetables, 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812780-3.00001-5
Oyom, W., Xu, H., Liu, Z., Long, H., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Bi, Y., Tahergorabi, R., and Prusky, D. 2022. Effects of modified sweet potato starch edible coating incorporated with cumin essential oil on storage quality of 'early crisp.' LWT, 153, 112475. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2021.112475
Elsayed, N., Hassan, A. A. moneim, Abdelaziz, S. M., Abdeldaym, E. A., and Darwish, O. S. 2022. Effect of Whey Protein Edible Coating Incorporated with Mango Peel Extract on Postharvest Quality, Bioactive Compounds and Shelf Life of Broccoli. Horticulturae 2022, Vol. 8, Page 770, 8(9), 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/HORTICULTURAE8090770
Ghasemnezhad, M., Zareh, S., Rassa, M., and Sajedi, R. H. 2013. Effect of chitosan coating on maintenance of aril quality, microbial population and PPO activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Tarom) at cold storage temperature. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(2), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.5770
Ghidelli, C., Mateos, M., Rojas-Argudo, C., and Pérez-Gago, M. B. 2014. Extending the shelf life of fresh-cut eggplant with a soy protein–cysteine based edible coating and modified atmosphere packaging. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 95, 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2014.04.007
Iñiguez-Moreno, M., Ragazzo-Sánchez, J. A., Barros-Castillo, J. C., Sandoval-Contreras, T., and Calderón-Santoyo, M. 2020. Sodium alginate coatings added with Meyerozyma caribbica: Postharvest biocontrol of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 163, 111123. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2020.111123
Kahramanoğlu, I., Chen, C., Chen, J., and Wan, C. 2019. Chemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Activity, and Food Preservative Characteristics of Aloe vera Gel. Agronomy 2019, Vol. 9, Page 831, 9(12), 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY9120831
Li, H., Xia, Y., Liu, H. Y., Guo, H., He, X. Q., Liu, Y., Wu, D. T., Mai, Y. H., Li, H. bin, Zou, L., and Gan, R. Y. 2022. Nutritional values, beneficial effects, and food applications of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck). Trends in Food Science and Technology, 119, 288–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIFS.2021.12.015
Li, L., Yi, P., Li, C., Xin, M., Sun, J., He, X., Sheng, J., Zhou, Z., Zheng, F., Li, J., Liu, G., Ling, D., Tang, J., Li, Z., Yang, Y., and Tang, Y. 2021. Influence of polysaccharide-based edible coatings on enzymatic browning and oxidative senescence of fresh-cut lettuce. Food Science and Nutrition, 9(2), 888–899. https://doi.org/10.1002/FSN3.2052
Murmu, S. B., and Mishra, H. N. 2018. The effect of edible coating based on Arabic gum, sodium caseinate and essential oil of cinnamon and lemon grass on guava. Food Chemistry, 245, 820–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2017.11.104
Nadeem, A., Ahmad, S. F., AL-Ayadhi, L. Y., Attia, S. M., Al-Harbi, N. O., Alzahrani, K. S., and Bakheet, S. A. 2020. Differential regulation of Nrf2 is linked to elevated inflammation and nitrative stress in monocytes of children with autism. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 113, 104554. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYNEUEN.2019.104554
Nagraj, G. S., Chouksey, A., Jaiswal, S., and Jaiswal, A. K. 2020. Broccoli. Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fruits and Vegetables, 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812780-3.00001-5
Oyom, W., Xu, H., Liu, Z., Long, H., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Bi, Y., Tahergorabi, R., and Prusky, D. 2022. Effects of modified sweet potato starch edible coating incorporated with cumin essential oil on storage quality of 'early crisp.' LWT, 153, 112475. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2021.112475
Elsayed, N., Hassan, A. A. moneim, Abdelaziz, S. M., Abdeldaym, E. A., and Darwish, O. S. 2022. Effect of Whey Protein Edible Coating Incorporated with Mango Peel Extract on Postharvest Quality, Bioactive Compounds and Shelf Life of Broccoli. Horticulturae 2022, Vol. 8, Page 770, 8(9), 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/HORTICULTURAE8090770
Ghasemnezhad, M., Zareh, S., Rassa, M., and Sajedi, R. H. 2013. Effect of chitosan coating on maintenance of aril quality, microbial population and PPO activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Tarom) at cold storage temperature. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(2), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.5770
Ghidelli, C., Mateos, M., Rojas-Argudo, C., and Pérez-Gago, M. B. 2014. Extending the shelf life of fresh-cut eggplant with a soy protein–cysteine based edible coating and modified atmosphere packaging. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 95, 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2014.04.007
Iñiguez-Moreno, M., Ragazzo-Sánchez, J. A., Barros-Castillo, J. C., Sandoval-Contreras, T., and Calderón-Santoyo, M. 2020. Sodium alginate coatings added with Meyerozyma caribbica: Postharvest biocontrol of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 163, 111123. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2020.111123
Kahramanoğlu, I., Chen, C., Chen, J., and Wan, C. 2019. Chemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Activity, and Food Preservative Characteristics of Aloe vera Gel. Agronomy 2019, Vol. 9, Page 831, 9(12), 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY9120831
Li, H., Xia, Y., Liu, H. Y., Guo, H., He, X. Q., Liu, Y., Wu, D. T., Mai, Y. H., Li, H. bin, Zou, L., and Gan, R. Y. 2022. Nutritional values, beneficial effects, and food applications of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck). Trends in Food Science and Technology, 119, 288–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIFS.2021.12.015
Li, L., Yi, P., Li, C., Xin, M., Sun, J., He, X., Sheng, J., Zhou, Z., Zheng, F., Li, J., Liu, G., Ling, D., Tang, J., Li, Z., Yang, Y., and Tang, Y. 2021. Influence of polysaccharide-based edible coatings on enzymatic browning and oxidative senescence of fresh-cut lettuce. Food Science and Nutrition, 9(2), 888–899. https://doi.org/10.1002/FSN3.2052
Murmu, S. B., and Mishra, H. N. 2018. The effect of edible coating based on Arabic gum, sodium caseinate and essential oil of cinnamon and lemon grass on guava. Food Chemistry, 245, 820–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2017.11.104
Nadeem, A., Ahmad, S. F., AL-Ayadhi, L. Y., Attia, S. M., Al-Harbi, N. O., Alzahrani, K. S., and Bakheet, S. A. 2020. Differential regulation of Nrf2 is linked to elevated inflammation and nitrative stress in monocytes of children with autism. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 113, 104554. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYNEUEN.2019.104554
Nagraj, G. S., Chouksey, A., Jaiswal, S., and Jaiswal, A. K. 2020. Broccoli. Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fruits and Vegetables, 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812780-3.00001-5
Oyom, W., Xu, H., Liu, Z., Long, H., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Bi, Y., Tahergorabi, R., and Prusky, D. 2022. Effects of modified sweet potato starch edible coating incorporated with cumin essential oil on storage quality of 'early crisp.' LWT, 153, 112475. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2021.112475
Elsayed, N., Hassan, A. A. moneim, Abdelaziz, S. M., Abdeldaym, E. A., and Darwish, O. S. 2022. Effect of Whey Protein Edible Coating Incorporated with Mango Peel Extract on Postharvest Quality, Bioactive Compounds and Shelf Life of Broccoli. Horticulturae 2022, Vol. 8, Page 770, 8(9), 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/HORTICULTURAE8090770
Ghasemnezhad, M., Zareh, S., Rassa, M., and Sajedi, R. H. 2013. Effect of chitosan coating on maintenance of aril quality, microbial population and PPO activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Tarom) at cold storage temperature. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(2), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.5770
Ghidelli, C., Mateos, M., Rojas-Argudo, C., and Pérez-Gago, M. B. 2014. Extending the shelf life of fresh-cut eggplant with a soy protein–cysteine based edible coating and modified atmosphere packaging. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 95, 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2014.04.007
Iñiguez-Moreno, M., Ragazzo-Sánchez, J. A., Barros-Castillo, J. C., Sandoval-Contreras, T., and Calderón-Santoyo, M. 2020. Sodium alginate coatings added with Meyerozyma caribbica: Postharvest biocontrol of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 163, 111123. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2020.111123
Kahramanoğlu, I., Chen, C., Chen, J., and Wan, C. 2019. Chemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Activity, and Food Preservative Characteristics of Aloe vera Gel. Agronomy 2019, Vol. 9, Page 831, 9(12), 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY9120831
Li, H., Xia, Y., Liu, H. Y., Guo, H., He, X. Q., Liu, Y., Wu, D. T., Mai, Y. H., Li, H. bin, Zou, L., and Gan, R. Y. 2022. Nutritional values, beneficial effects, and food applications of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck). Trends in Food Science and Technology, 119, 288–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIFS.2021.12.015
Li, L., Yi, P., Li, C., Xin, M., Sun, J., He, X., Sheng, J., Zhou, Z., Zheng, F., Li, J., Liu, G., Ling, D., Tang, J., Li, Z., Yang, Y., and Tang, Y. 2021. Influence of polysaccharide-based edible coatings on enzymatic browning and oxidative senescence of fresh-cut lettuce. Food Science and Nutrition, 9(2), 888–899. https://doi.org/10.1002/FSN3.2052
Murmu, S. B., and Mishra, H. N. 2018. The effect of edible coating based on Arabic gum, sodium caseinate and essential oil of cinnamon and lemon grass on guava. Food Chemistry, 245, 820–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2017.11.104
Nadeem, A., Ahmad, S. F., AL-Ayadhi, L. Y., Attia, S. M., Al-Harbi, N. O., Alzahrani, K. S., and Bakheet, S. A. 2020. Differential regulation of Nrf2 is linked to elevated inflammation and nitrative stress in monocytes of children with autism. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 113, 104554. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYNEUEN.2019.104554
Nagraj, G. S., Chouksey, A., Jaiswal, S., and Jaiswal, A. K. 2020. Broccoli. Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fruits and Vegetables, 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812780-3.00001-5
Oyom, W., Xu, H., Liu, Z., Long, H., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Bi, Y., Tahergorabi, R., and Prusky, D. 2022. Effects of modified sweet potato starch edible coating incorporated with cumin essential oil on storage quality of 'early crisp.' LWT, 153, 112475. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2021.112475
Pandith, J. A., and Srivastava, A. K. 2018. Induction Heating Assisted Foam Mat Drying of Papaya Pulp: Drying Kinetics, drying modeling, and Effects on Quality Attributes. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 20(2), 206–215. https://cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/4732
Radi, M., Firouzi, E., Akhavan, H., and Amiri, S. 2017. Effect of gelatin-based edible coatings incorporated with Aloe vera and black and green tea extracts on the shelf life of fresh-cut oranges. Journal of Food Quality, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9764650
Rangana, S. (2006). Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruits and vegetable products (2nd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill Pullication Co. Ltd.
Schwartz, E., Tzulker, R., Glazer, I., Bar-Ya'akov, I., Wlesman, Z., Tripler, E., Bar-Ilan, I., Fromm, H., Borochov-Neori, H., Holland, D., and Amir, R. 2009. Environmental conditions affect the color, taste, and antioxidant capacity of 11 pomegranate accessions' fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(19), 9197–9209. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF901466C/SUPPL_FILE/JF901466C_SI_001.PDF
Shi, J., Gao, L., Zuo, J., Wang, Q., Wang, Q., and Fan, L. 2016. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside treatment of broccoli florets extends shelf life, enhances antioxidant enzyme activity, and inhibits chlorophyll-degradation. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 116, 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2016.01.007
Tahir, H. E., Xiaobo, Z., Mahunu, G. K., Arslan, M., Abdalhai, M., and Zhihua, L. 2019. Recent developments in gum edible coating applications for fruits and vegetables preservation: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 224. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2019.115141
Wu, J., Zhang, L., and Fan, K. 2022. Recent advances in polysaccharide-based edible coatings for preservation of fruits and vegetables: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2136136
Yousuf, B., and Srivastava, A. K. 2017a. A novel approach for quality maintenance and shelf life extension of fresh-cut Kajari melon: Effect of treatments with honey and soy protein isolate. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 79, 568– 578. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2016.11.005
Yousuf, B., and Srivastava, A. K. 2017b. Flaxseed gum in combination with lemongrass essential oil as an effective edible coating for ready-to-eat pomegranate arils. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 104(Pt A), 1030– 1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJBIOMAC.2017.07.025
Zhao, Y., An, J., Su, H., Li, B., Liang, D., and Huang, C. 2022. Antimicrobial food packaging integrating polysaccharide-based substrates with green antimicrobial agents: A sustainable path. Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.), 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODRES.2022.111096
