Impact of chemicals and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on postharvest quality of litchi cv. China
Keywords:
Litchi, chemicals,, , MAP, quality, storageAbstract
The efficacy of chemicals and modified atmosphere packaging were investigated in freshly harvested litchi fruit to observe the bio-chemical changes and extension of shelf life of fruits at two days interval for a period of six days storage at ambient temperature during 2020-2021, Department of Horticulture, SASRD, Nagaland University. The pre-cooled litchi fruits after disinfectant were emerged in CaCl2 (1% & 2%), Wax emulsion (5% & 10%), Chitosan (1% & 2%) and Kaolin (1% & 2%) for 60 seconds. The treated fruits were packed in polypropylene plastic (PPP) @ 6% and 9% perforation and assessed the quality attributes at two days interval. The fruits dipped in calcium chloride solution @ 1% and 2% and wax emulsion @ 5% and also packed in polypropylene plastic @ 6% perforation showed a positive and significant impact to maintain biochemical quality during storage. The fruits treated with calcium chloride @ 1% packed in 6% perforation polypropylene plastic recorded maximum total soluble solids (17.62°B), total sugar (11.36%), ascorbic acid (54.48 mg/100g pulp), fruit firmness (1.90 kg cm-2), polymeric colour retention with high anthocyanin content (49.67 mg/100g peel) in peel and the lowest acidity (0.48%) in juice at 6 days of storage.
References
A.O.A.C. 1984. Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemist 15th Edn, Washington.
Aklimuzzaman, M., Goswami, C., Howlader, J., Kader, H. A. and Hasan, K. M. 2011. Postharvest storage behaviour of litchi. The Journal of Horticulture Science and Biotechnology, 15(3): 1-8.
Almenar, E., Samsudin, H., Auras, R., Harte, B. and Rubino, M. 2008. Postharvest shelf life extension of blueberries using biodegradable package. Food Chemistry, 110: 120-127.
Anonymous, 2019. Indian Horticulture Database. National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Gurgaon. Accessed on 21st March, 2022. www.nhb.gov.in.
Dong, H., Cheng, L., Tan, J., Zheng, K. and Jiang, Y. 2004. Effect of chitosan on quality and shelf life of peeled litchi fruit. Journal of Food Engineering, 64 (3): 355–358.
Ducamp, M., Lebrun, M. Ramarson, H and Self, G. K. 2007. Anthocyanin and anthocyanin degradation enzymes in Kwai May and Wai Chee cultivars of litchi grown in Reunion Island and Spain. Fruits, 62: 353-359.
Ghosh, U, Bhattacharjee, A., Bose, P. K., Choudhuri, D. R. and Gangopadhyay, H. 1998. Physicochemical changes of litchi in modified atmospheric storage. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 5: 393-396.
Gupta, O. P., Singh, B. P., Singh, S. P. and Chauhan, K. S. 1984. Effect of calcium compounds as pre-harvest spray on the shelf life of peach cv. Sharbati. Punjab Horticulture Journal, 24:105-110.
J. Postharvest Technol., 2023, 11(1): 115-124 121
Sarkar and Sumi (Chemicals and MAP effects on quality of litchi cv. China)
Hobson, A. M. 1963. Pectin esterase in normal and abnormal tomato fruit. The Journal of Biochemistry, 86:358-361.
Jadhao, S. D., Borkar, P. A., Borkar, S. L., Bakane, P. H. and Murumkar, R. P. 2008. Effect of different treatments and packaging materials on bio-chemical changes during storage of kagzi line. Asian Journal of Bio Science, 3(2): 247- 250.
Jiang-Ping, J., Mei-xia, S. and Pei-man, L. 1986. The production and physiological effect of ethylene during ontogeny and after harvest of litchi fruit. Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica, 72: 95-103.
Jiang, Y., Li, Y. and Li, J. 2003. Browning control, shelf life extension and quality maintenance of frozen litchi fruit by hydrochloric acid. Journal of Food Engineering, 63:147-151.
Kaushik, N., Kaur, B. P. and Rao, P. S. 2014. Application of highpressure processing for shelf life extension of litchi fruits (Litchi chinensis cv. Bombai) during refrigeration. Food Science and Technology International, 20: 527–541.
Mahajan, B. V. C., Dhatt, A. and Sandhu, K. S. 2005. Effect of different post-harvest treatments on the storage life of Kinnow. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 42(4): 296-299.
Mahfuzah, W. I. W., Zulkifli, M. S., Latifah, M. N. and Fauziah, O. 2013. Evaluations for effectiveness of calcium chloride treatment on the postharvest quality of strawberry. Acta Horticulturae, 1012: 68.
Mangaraj, S. and Goswami, T. K. 2011. Modelling of respiration rates of litchi fruit under aerobic condition. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 4: 272–281.
Sumi, M., Sarkar, A., Maiti, C. S., Sema, A. and Kanaujia, S. P. 2021. Impact of chemicals and storage conditions on post harvest quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. China. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 33(19): 17- 25.
Mitra, S. K., Pathak, P. K., Debnath, S., Sarkar, A. and Mandal, D. 2010. Elucidation of the factors responsible for cracking and sunburn in litchi and integrated management to minimize the disorders. Acta Horticulture, 863: 225-233.
Mphahlele, R. R., Caleb, O. J. and Ngcobo, M. E. K. 2020. Effects of packaging and duration on quality of minimally processed and unpitted litchi cv. Mauritius under low storage temperature. Heliyon, 6:1-10.
Neog, M. and Saikia, L. 2010. Control of post-harvest pericarp browning of litchi (Litchi chinensis sonn.). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 47(1):100-104.
Phanumong, P., Rattanapanone, N. and Haewsungcharern, M., 2015. Quality and shelf life of minimally processed litchi fruit. Chiang Mai university Journal of Natural Sciences, 4: 35-51.
Piga, A., Caro, A.D., Pinna, I. and Agabbio, M. 2003. Changes in ascorbic acid, polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in minimally processed cactus pear fruits. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 36: 257–262.
J. Postharvest Technol., 2023, 11(1): 115-124 122
Sarkar and Sumi (Chemicals and MAP effects on quality of litchi cv. China)
Ranganna, S. 2001. Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruits and vegetables products, Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
Ray, P. K., Ruby, R. and Singh, S. K. 2005. Effect of sulphur dioxide fumigation and low temperature on post-harvest browning and quality of litchi fruits. Food Science and Technology, 42:226-230.
Sarkar, A., Bam, G. and Sumi, M. 2020. Impact of chemicals in management of fruit cracking and improving the quality in litchi cv. China in foot hill of Nagaland. Journal of soils and Crops, 30(1): 26-30.
Shah, N.S. and Nath, N. 2008. Changes in the qualities of minimally-processed litchis: effect of anti-browning agents, osmo vacuum drying and moderate vacuum packaging. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 41:660–668.
Shailaja, G., Kirankumar, A., Bhagwan, A., Chaturvedi, A. and Shirpurkar, G. N. 2015. Studies on improvement on shelf life of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, 34(2): 123-129.
Sharma, N., Nautiyal, M. C., Sharma, S. K. and Duhan, S. 2015. Effect of various chemical treatments on shelf-life and quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) during storage. International Journal of Current Research, 7(6): 17228-17233.
Singh, A. K., Kumari, R., Singh, J. N. and Singh, P. K. 2017. Effect of wrapping material and chemicals on post-harvest behavior of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv Deshi. Environment and Ecology, 35(4B): 3172-3177.
Singh, A., Nath, A., Gohain, B., Juri, B. and Deka, B. C. 2008. Quality and shelf life of strawberry fruits in different packages during storage. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 45: 439-442.
Singh, G., Nath, V., Purbey, S. K., Singh, S. K. and Pal, R. K. 2012. Post harvest handling and vaporization of litchi fruits. FAO Bulletin, published by NRC-Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 1-30.
Singh, S., Singh, A. K. and Joshi, H. K. 2005. Prolong storability of Indian gooseberry under semi-arid ecosystem of Gujarat. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 75:647-650.
Sivakumar, D. and Korsten, L. 2006a. Evaluation of the integrated application of two types of modified atmospheric packaging and hot water treatments on quality retention on litchi cv. Mclean’s Red. Journal of Horticulture Science and Biotechnology, 81: 639-644.
Sivakumar, D. and Korsten, L. 2006b. Influence of modified atmosphere packaging and postharvest treatments on quality retention of litchi cv. Mauritius. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 41: 135–142.
Sivakumar, D., Zeeman, K. and Korsten, L. 2007. Effect of biocontrol agent (Bacillus subtilis) and modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest decay control and quality retention of litchi during storage. Phytoparasitica, 35(5): 507– 518.
Soliva-Fortuny, R. C., Lluch, M. A., Quiles, A., Grigelmo-Miguel, N. and Martin-Belloso, O. 2003. Evaluation of textural properties and microstructure during storage of minimally processed apples. Journal of Food Science, 68: 312-317.
J. Postharvest Technol., 2023, 11(1): 115-124 123
Sarkar and Sumi (Chemicals and MAP effects on quality of litchi cv. China)
Srinu, B., Manohar, R. A., Veena, J. K., Narender, R. S. and Sharma, H. K. 2017. Effect of different post-harvest treatments on quality and shelf life of papaya. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5):1788-1792.
Sumi, M. and Sarkar, A. 2020. Effect of polyamine and growth regulators on yield and quality of litchi cv. China. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9 (3): 242-265.
Tanade-Palmu, P. S. and Grosso, C. R. F. 2005. Effect of edible wheatgluten based films and coatings on refrigerated strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 36(2): 199-208.
Tian, S. P., Li, B. Q. and Xu, Y. 2005. Effect of O2 and CO2 concentrations on physiology and quality of litchi fruit in storage. Food Chemistry, 91: 659–663.
Waghmare, R. B. and Annapure, U. S. 2013. Combined effect of chemical treatment and/or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on quality of fresh-cut papaya. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 85: 147-153.
Wills, R.B.H., McGlasson, W. B., Graham, D. Lee, T. H. and Hall, E. G. 1996. In: Postharvest: An introduction to the physiology and handling of fruits and vegetables. CBS Publishers & Distributors, ISBN: 9788123904832, 8123904835.
