EFFECT OF PLANT DEFENSE INDUCERS ON POWDERY MILDEW AND NECROSIS OF SUNFLOWER

P N Mane; Manjusha Gaikwad; Santosh    Gahukarand; M N Ingole

doi:10.48165/jpds.2024.1901.05

Authors

P N Mane Oilseeds Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola- 444 104 (MS), India
Manjusha Gaikwad Oilseeds Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola- 444 104 (MS), India
Santosh Gahukarand Oilseeds Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola- 444 104 (MS), India
M N Ingole Oilseeds Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola- 444 104 (MS), India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/jpds.2024.1901.05

Keywords:

Plant defense inducer, Powdery mildew, Necrosis, Salicylic acid, Sunflower

Abstract

An investigation was carried out under field conditions during 2018-20 at Rabi Oilseeds Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola to know the effect of salicylic acid as a plant defense inducer in the management of sunflower necrosis and powdery mildew disease. Statistically non significant difference was observed among the treatments towards germination. Seed treatment with salicylic acid @100 ppm and foliar spray with salicylic acid @100 ppm at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) recorded minimum i.e. 1.70 and 2.35 per cent necrosis, respectively at one and two months after germination followed by seed treatment with salicylic acid @ 50 ppm and foliar spray with salicylic acid @ 50 ppm at 30 and 45 DAS i.e. 2.54 and 2.81 per cent necrosis, respectively at one and two month after germination. Minimum powdery mildew intensity was recorded by seed treatment with salicylic acid @100 ppm and foliar spray with salicylic acid @100 ppm at 30days and 45 DAS i.e. 8.22 and 16.22 per cent at one and two month after sowing. Seed treatment with salicylic acid @100 ppm and foliar spray with salicylic acid @100 ppm at 30 and 45 DAS recorded higher seed yield 1730 kg/ha followed by seed treatment with salicylic acid @ 50 ppm and foliar spray with salicylic acid @ 50 ppm at 30 and 45 DAS i.e. 1728 kg/ha. The control plot recorded lowest yield of 1059 kg/ha and highest disease incidence i.e. 7.88 and 9.13 per cent of powdery mildew and 30.68 and 41.44 per cent of necrosis at one and two month after germination, respectively. Seed treatment and foliar application of salicylic acid could protect the crop and minimize yield loss of sunflower due to necrosis and powdery mildew disease.

References

Arif, Y., Sami, Siddiqui, Bajguz, and Hayat, 2020: Salicylic acid in relation to other phytohormones in plant: A study towards physiology and signal transduction under challenging environment. Environ. Exp. Bot., 175:104040.

War, A. R., Paulraj, M. G., War, M. Y., and Ignacimuthu, S., 2011: Role of salicylic acid in induction of plant defense system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant Signaling & Behavior, 6(11): 1787–1792.

Battu, A. N., and Pathak, 1965: Observation on a mosaic disease of sunflower. Indian Phytopathology, 18, 317.

Bhat, A. I., Jain, R. K., Kumar, S., Ramiah, M., and Varma, A., 2002: Serological and coat protein sequence studies suggest that necrosis disease on sunflower in India is caused by a strain of tobacco streak ilar virus. Arch. Virol., 147: 651-658.

Bhonwong, A., Stout, M. J., Attajarusit, A., and Tantasawat, P., 2009: Defensive role of tomato polyphenol oxidase against cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua). J. Chem. Ecol., 35: 28–38.

Brunt, A. A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M. J., Gibbs, A. J., and Watson, L., 1996: Viruses of Plants. CAB International, Wellingford, UK, 1484 pp.

Camprubi, A., Estaun, V., El Bakali, M. A., Garcia-Figueres, J., and Calvet, C., 2007: Alternative strawberry production using solarization, metham sodium and beneficial soil microbes as plant protection methods. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 27: 179–184.

Chander Rao, M. A., Raoof, H., and Singh, H., 2000: Sunflower necrosis disease: A preliminary study on transmission. In: Proceedings of National Seminar on Oilseeds and Oilseed Research Development Needs in the 3rd Millennium, Indian Soc. of Oilseeds Res. (DOR), Hyderabad, 2-4 Feb, pp. 285-286.

Chen, Z., Zheng, Z., Haung, J., Lai, Z., and Fan, B., 2009: Biosynthesis of salicylic acid in plants. Plant Signal. Behav., 4: 493–496.

Fawe, A., Menzies, J. G., Cherif, M., and Belanger, R. R., 2001: Silicon and disease resistance in dicotyledons. In: Silicon in Agriculture, eds L. E. Datnoff, G. H. Snyder, and G. H. Korndorfer, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 159–169.

Hannes Lefevere, Lander Bauters, and Godelieve Gheysen, 2020: Salicylic acid biosynthesis in plants. Front. Plant Sci., Sec. Plant Metabolism and Biodiversity, Volume 11.

Hanumantha, Rao, and B. N. Nagaraju, 1999: Leaflet on Information on Sunflower Necrosis Disease, pp. 4.

Harvir Singh, 2005: Thrips incidence and necrosis disease in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Oilseeds Res., 22(1): 90-92.

Hayat, Q., Hayat, S., Irfan, M., and Ahmad, A., 2009: Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: A review. Environ. Exp. Bot., 68: 14–25.

Hu, X., Li, W., Chen, Q., and Yang, Y., 2009: Early signal transduction linking the synthesis of jasmonic acid in plant. Plant Signal. Behav., 4: 696–697.

Idrees, M., Naeem, M., Aftab, T., Khan, M. M. A., and Moinuddin, 2011: Salicylic acid mitigates salinity stress by improving antioxidant defense system and enhances vincristine and vinblastine alkaloids production in periwinkle. Acta Physiol. Plant, 33: 987–999.

Karuna, K., Geetha, K. N., Shadakshari, Y. G., and Nagaraju, B. N., 2015: Assessment of yield losses in sunflower due to powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum DC). AGRIS, 12(2a): 375-379.

Kawano, T., 2003: Roles of reactive oxygen species-generating peroxidase reactions in plant defense and growth induction. Plant Cell Rep., 21: 829–837.

Kolte, S. J., 1985: Sunflower Diseases. In: Diseases of Annual Edible Oilseeds Crops, Volume III, CRC Press, Florida, pp. 194.

Kunstler, A., Gullner, G., Ádám, A. L., Nagy, J. K., and Kiraly, L., 2020: The versatile roles of sulfur-containing biomolecules in plant defense—A road to disease resistance. Front. Plant Sci., 9: 1705.

Jain, R. K., Bhat, A. I., and Varma, A., 2003: Sunflower necrosis disease—An emerging viral problem. Technical Bulletin-1, Unit of Virology, IARI, New Delhi, 11 pp.

Jain, R. K., Vemana, G., and Bag, S., 2006: Tobacco streak virus—An emerging virus in vegetable crops. In: Characterization, Diagnosis, and Management of Plant Viruses, Volume 3, Studium Press LLC, Texas, USA, pp. 203-212.

Lecourieux, D., Mazars, C., Pauly, N., Ranjeva, R., and Pugin, A., 2002: Analysis and effects of cytosolic free calcium increases in response to elicitors in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cells. Plant Cell, 14: 2627–2641.

Lewandowski, I., Hardtlein, M., and Kaltschmitt, M., 1999: Sustainable crop production: Definition and methodological approach for assessing and implementing sustainability. Crop Sci., 39: 184–193.

Lu, H., 2009: Dissection of salicylic acid-mediated defense signaling networks. Plant Signal. Behav., 4: 713–717.

Maffei, M. E., Mithofer, A., and Boland, W., 2007: Insects feeding on plants: Rapid signals and responses preceding the induction of phytochemical release. Phytochemistry, 68: 2946–2959.