ISOLATION, PATHOGENICITY TEST, CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI OF SOYBEAN ( (L.) MERRIL) GLYCINE MAX

S S  Kadam; S J Magar; S N Banne

doi:10.48165/jpds.2024.1901.03

Authors

S S Kadam Department of Plant Pathology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani- 431 402 (MS), India
S J Magar Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Latur (MS), India.
S N Banne Department of Plant Pathology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani- 431 402 (MS), India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/jpds.2024.1901.03

Keywords:

Endophytes, Disease symptoms, Isolation, Soybean

Abstract

Endophytes are microbes that live in plant tissues without causing any damage to the host plants. Present study describes the isolation, pathogenicity test and identification of endophytic fungi from soybean. During this study, a total of 14 endophytic fungi isolated from soybean plant samples (leaves, stems and roots), i.e. five isolates from leaves, five isolates from stems and four isolates from roots were obtained. Amongst them, isolated from the leaves were Curvularia lunata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Nigrospora sphaerica, Penicillium sp. and Paecilomyces lilacinus and isolated from stems were Alternaria alternata, Phomopsis sp. 1, Rhizoctonia sp., Phomopsis sp. 2 and Macrophomina phaseolina. Whereas, isolated from roots were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp. and Chaetomium sp. Fungi isolated as endophytes from Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) Cv. JS-335 were tested in order to ascertain whether they are capable of causing disease symptoms in healthy soybean’s stem, root and leaves. The pathogenicity test of fourteen fungal endophytes was carried out by pin prick method (for stem endophytes), spore suspension method (for leaf endophytes), root or soil drenching method (for root endophytes). No any fungal species of endophytic fungi able to cause any diseased symptoms on soybean plant and remained healthy. Endophytic microorganisms have received considerable attention due to their biotechnological utility in several fields of agriculture, industry and medicine.

References

Azevedo, J.L., Jr. W. Maccheroni, J.O. Pereira and W.L. Araujo. 2000: Endophytic microorganisms, a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants. Electr J Biotechnol. 3(1): 40-65.

Barnett, H.L. and B.B. Hunter 1998: Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. APS Press: St. Paul. Minnesota.

Dalal, J.M., N.S. Kulkarni and M.G. Bodhankar. 2014: Antagonistic and plant growth promoting potentials of indigenous endophytic fungi of soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merril). Indian J Adv Pl Res 1(7): 9-16.

Fernandes, E.G, O.L. Pereira, C.C. Silva, C.B. Bento and M.V. Queiroz. 2015: Diversity of endophytic fungi in Glycine max. Microbiol Res. 181: 84-92.

Guntalika, A.L. 2006: Natural products from plant-associated microorganisms: distribution, structural diversity, bioactivity and implications of their occurrence. J Nat Pro. 69(3): 509-526.

Hasegawa, S., A. Meguro, M. Shimizu, T. Nishimura and H. Kunoh. 2006: Endophytic actinomycetes and their interactions with host plants. Actinomycetol. 20(2): 72-81.

Khan, S.A, M. Hamayun, H. Yoon, H.Y. Kim, S.J. Suh, Hwang and SK et al. 2008: Plant growth promotion and Penicillium citrinum. BMC microbiol. 8(1): 231.

Kulkarni, N.S. and J.M. Dalal. 2012: Isolation and identification of endophytic microorganisms of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril). Bio Pharma J. 5(2): 383-385.

Lakshman, H.C. and J.M. Kurandawad. 2013: Diversity of the endophytic fungi isolated from Spilanthes acmella Linn. - a promising medicinal plant. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 4(2): 1259-1266.

Mostert, L., P.W. Crous and O. Petrini. 2000: Endophytic fungi associated with shoots and leaves of Vitis vinifera, with specific reference to the Phomopsis viticola complex. Sydowia. 52: 46-58.

Petrini, O., T.N. Sieber, L. Toti, and O. Viret. 1992: Ecology, metabolite production, and substrate utilization in endophytic fungi. Nat Toxins. 1: 185196.

Photita, W., S. Lumyong, P. Lumyong, H.C. Eric, Mc. Kenzie and K.D. Hyde. 2004: Are some endophytes on Musa acuminata latent pathogens? Fun Diver. 16: 131-140.

Piemental, I.C., C. Glienke-Blanco, J. Gabardo, S. Makowiecky, and L. Azevedo. 2006: Identification and colonization of endophytic fungi from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) under different environmental conditions. Brazil Arc Bio Tech. 49(5): 705-711.

Pieterse, Z., T.A. Aveling, A. Jacobs and D.A. Cowan. 2018: Seasonal variability in fungal endophytes from Aizoaceae plants in the Succulent Karoo biodiversity hotspot, South Africa. J. Arid Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2018.05.004.

Praveena, R. and A. Naseema. 2004: Fungi occurring on water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.] in Kerala. J Tro Agril. 42(1-2): 2123.

Saikkonen, K., Wali, P., Helander, M. and S.H. Faeth. 2004: Evolution of endophyte-plant symbioses. Trends Pl Sci. 9: 275-280.

Schulz, B. and C. Boyle. 2005: The endophytic continuum. Mycol Res. 109: 661– 686.

Schulz, B. and C. Boyle. 2006: What are endophytes? In: Schulz, B., Boyle, C, Sieber, T. N. (Eds.) Microbial root endophytes. Soil Biol. 9: 1–13.

Schulz, B., A.K. Rommert, U. Dammann, H.J. Aust and D. Strack. 1999: The endophyte host interaction: a balanced antagonism? Mycol Res. 103: 1275.

Soumya, P.R, B.S. Rukshana, and K.S. Tamil Selvi. 2018: Endophytic fungi as latent pathogens in Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms. Int J Advan Sci Res Manage. 3: 10.

Sutton, B.C. 1980: The Coelomycetes. Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. 1st ed Kew: CMI.

Wati, M.S. Hadiwiyono, and A. Yunus. 2019: Antagonism of endophytic fungi isolates Artmisia annua towards Rhizoctonia solani, causal agent of rice sheath blight. Int J Innov Engineer tech. 14(1): 075079.

Wikee, S., L. Lombard, P.W. Crous, C. Nakashim, K. Motohashi, Chukeatorpte, S.A. Alias, H.C. McKenzie Eric and K.D. Hyde. 2013: Phyllosticta capitalensis, a widespread endophyte of plants. Fun diver. 60(1): 91-105.

Wilson, D. 1995: Endophyte-the evolution of a term and clarification of its use and definition. Oikos. 73: 274-276.