Scientific Methods for Preserving Archaeological Metal Artifacts in Egyptian Museum Environments.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/Keywords:
Metal, Museum, corrosion, Artificial IntelligenceAbstract
This research studied the significance of protecting metal artifacts in museums due to their cultural value and the challenges they face from environmental and chemical factors that cause deterioration. Types of Metal Artifacts include gold, silver, copper, bronze, iron, electrum, and platinum, each metal has different levels of resistance to corrosion. Gold and platinum were more resistant, while copper, bronze, and iron are more prone to rust and patina formation. Factors affecting deterioration include humidity, temperature, air pollutants, human contact, light (especially UV) and biological factors like microorganisms, all of them cause oxidation, corrosion, and surface damage. Preservation Methods involve controlling the environment (humidity, temperature), using protective packaging and coatings, ensuring safe display conditions, and performing regular inspections with advanced technologies like microscopes and X-rays. Cleaning techniques range from mechanical and laser cleaning to careful chemical treatments to remove dirty spots, rust, and corrosion without damaging the artifacts. Modern protective methods include Nano coatings, ultrasonic cleaning, and electronic devices like X-rays to assess and treat corrosion.
References
American Institute for Conservation (1998): Textile Conservation. Cyber pages.
Barceló, J. A. (2008): Computational Intelligence in Archaeology. In: Computational Intelligence Archaeology. IGI Global.
Bradley, S., and Daniels, V. (1993): Environment, A Guide to the Storage, Exhibition and Handling of Antiquities, Ethnographia and Pictorial Art. Occasional Paper 66, The Trustees of the British Museum.
Dardes, K. (1998): The Conservation Assessment: A Proposed Model for Evaluating Museum Environmental Management Needs. In: N. Edt. GCI.
Blades, N. et al. (2000): Preventive Conservation Strategies for Sustainable Urban Pollution Control in Museums. In: Tradition and Innovation: Advances in Conservation: Contributions to the Melbourne Congress. The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
Romanengo, C., Biasotti, S., and Falcidieno, B. (2020): Recognizing Decorations in Archaeological Finds through the Analysis of Characteristic Curves on 3D Models. Pattern Recognition Letters, 131: 405.
Salazar, A., Safont, G., Vergara, L., and Vidal, E. (2020): Pattern Recognition Techniques for Provenance Classification of Archaeological Ceramics Using Ultrasounds. Pattern Recognition Letters, 135: 441.
Scott, D. A. (2002): Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals. Los Angeles, CA: The Getty Conservation Institute.
Thrun, S., Burgard, W., and Fox, D. (1998): A Probabilistic Approach to Concurrent Mapping and Localization for Mobile Robots. Autonomous Robots, 5(3–4): 253.
North, N. A., and MacLeod, I. D. (1987): Corrosion and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Metallic Artefacts. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Publishing.
Selwyn, L. S. (2004): Metals and Corrosion: A Handbook for the Conservation Professional. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Conservation Institute.
Cronyn, J. M. (1990): The Elements of Archaeological Conservation. London, UK: Routledge.
Watkinson, D. E., & Lewis, M. R. (2005): Desiccated Storage of Chloride-Contaminated Archaeological Iron Objects. Studies in Conservation, 50(4): 241.
Turgoose, S. (1982): Post-Excavation Changes in Iron Antiquities. Studies in Conservation, 27(3): 97.
Fahmy, A. (1998): The Conservation and Restoration of Metal Artifacts from Islamic Periods. PhD Dissertation, University of Cairo, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo, Egypt.
International Council of Museums - Committee for Conservation (ICOM-CC). (2010): Guidelines for Conservation Practices in Museums. Paris, France: ICOM.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Talat H A, Hatem G M, Nagwa HA (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.