ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE LOAD USING PUPILLOMETRIC MEASURES IN NEURO-TYPICAL POPULATION: APPLICATION IN FORENSIC SCIENCES
Keywords:
Pupillometry, Cognitive Load, Language Processing, Speech Perception, Linguistic ComplexityAbstract
The process of measuring the change in the diameter of the pupil is called pupillometry. The pupil dilates and constricts quickly as a response to either change in the brightness of the visual field or a change in cognitive workload. Task induced dilation of pupils under controlled conditions such as light intensity, the posture of the body, emotional status, and arousal is called the task-evoked pupillary response (TEPR). The measurement of pupillary movements may be used to reliably and involuntarily index the extent of central processing allocated to a particular cognitive task. The objective of the present study is to find if Pupillometry can tap change in cognitive load and play a role in determining and assessing language processing, using music as stimuli. 20 adult undergraduate regular University students participated in this study; the population was primarily Hindi speaking. Peak dilation (PD) of both the Right and Left eyes was measured using a Pupillometer. Measurement was taken under the 1) standard clinical condition (baseline) and other conditions with earphones on; 2) instrumental music, 3) regular Bollywood Hindi rap music and 4) foreign music were played (experimental condition). Analysis was done across various conditions, using SPSS. T-test analysis was also done. Peak dilation across typical conditions and with three cognitive load conditions (music) was calculated. A significant difference across the conditions (p<0.05) was obtained in this study. The observation concluded that with an increase in cognitive load via music, the peak dilation of the pupillary diameter increased. Unique pupillary response of each individual across various cognitive task makes it
References
Hess, E.H. and J.M. Polt, Pupil size in relation to mental activity during simple problem-solving. Science, 1964. 143(3611): p. 1190-1192.
Schmidtke, J., Pupillometry in linguistic research: An introduction and review for second language researchers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2018. 40(3): p. 529-549.
Pandža, N.B., et al., Neurostimulation and pupillometry: New directions for learning and research in applied linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 2020. 40: p. 56-77.
Beatty, J., Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources. Psychological bulletin, 1982. 91(2): p. 276.
Beatty, J. and B. Lucero-Wagoner, The pupillary system. Handbook of psychophysiology, 2000. 2(142- 162).
Pomplun, M. and S. Sunkara. Pupil dilation as an indicator of cognitive workload in human-computer interaction. in Proceedings of the International Conference on HCI. 2003. Citeseer.
McCloy, D.R., et al., Pupillometry shows the effort of auditory attention switching. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2017. 141(4): p. 2440- 2451.
Vogelzang, M., P. Hendriks, and H. van Rijn,Pupillary responses reflect ambiguity resolution in pronoun processing. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 2016. 31(7): p. 876-885.
Winn, M.B., et al., Best practices and advice for using pupillometry to measure listening effort: An
introduction for those who want to get started. Trends in hearing, 2018. 22: p. 2331216518800869.
Klingner, J., R. Kumar, and P. Hanrahan.Measuring the task-evoked pupillary response with a remote eye tracker. in Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications. 2008.
Steinhauer, S.R. and G. Hakerem, The pupillary response in cognitive psychophysiology and schizophrenia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1992. 658(1): p. 182-204.
Goldwater, B.C., Psychological significance of pupillary movements. Psychological bulletin, 1972. 77(5): p. 340.
Hakerem, G., Conceptual stimuli, pupillary dilation and evoked cortical potentials: a review of recent advances. Pupillary dynamics and behavior, 1974: p. 135-158.
Rawat, D., et al., Role of the acoustic parameters of voice in forensic investigation: A community based exploratory study. Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2020. 37(2): p. 55-60.
