The Journal of Food and Dietetics Research (JFDR) is a peer-reviewed journal committed to publishing high-quality articles in the field of Food Science, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics. The journal is owned by the International Association of Food and Nutrition Scientists (IAFANS) and published by the ACS Publisher Food: Food Science, Food processing and technology, Food Engineering, Food Packaging, Food biotechnology, Food Microbiology, Food Preservation, Food security, Food Product Development, Food Chemistry, Food Safety & Hygiene, Food Nanotechnology and Food additives Dietetics: Diet therapy, Dietary Bioactive Components, Nutrition therapy, public health nutrition, Public health epidemiology, Dietary assessment, Dietary interventions, Dietetic practice, Nutritional biochemistry, “Omic” Nutrition, Metabolomics, Nutrigenomics, Community Nutrition, Diet in Communicable & Non-Communicable Diseases, Dietetics education, Sports Nutrition, Dietary supplementation and Nutritional policies. Abstracting and indexing: Google Scholar, CrossRef, ReadCube, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wang Fung, UGC-CARE list (Applied), Wos, Base, ICI,
Reviewing The Evidence On Dietary Diversity Scores And Nutrient Adequacy Among Women In Low- And Middle-Income Countries
Dietary diversity is a critical component of a healthy diet, essential for ensuring adequate nutrient intake and preventing diet-related diseases; however, women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), often face challenges in accessing diverse and nutrient-rich foods, leading to micronutrient deficiencies, exacerbated by socioeconomic fac tors, cultural environments, and food insecurity. This review aims to analyze the impact of dietary diversity and food security on women’s health, focusing on micronutrient adequacy among women of reproductive age (WRA) in LMICs, and explores effective methods for assessing dietary diversity and nutrient intake. The scope of this review includes studies conducted in LMICs, utilizing methodologies such as 24-hour dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires to assess dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy. It examines the intake of key micronutrients like iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamins among WRA, and the implications of food insecurity on their nutritional status. Greater dietary diversity is associated with improved nutrient intake and overall health, especially for women of reproductive age. Addressing food insecurity and promoting nutrition-sensitive interventions are crucial for enhancing women’s health, supporting healthy pregnancies, and reducing maternal risks. Further research and interventions are needed to mitigate the disproportionate impact of poor dietary diversity and food insecurity on women’s well-being.
Dietary diversity, nutrient adequacy, women’s health, food security, micronutrient intake.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Dietetics Research
Evaluating the effectiveness of a community-based intervention in changing the knowledge, attitude, norms, and practices related to anemia among adolescents in the selected blocks of the Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh
Introduction: Adolescent girls are one of the most vulnerable groups for anemia. The high prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls is caused by various factors, including inadequate nutrition, gender disparities, poor sanitation and hygiene, and deeply rooted cultural and social norms. Therefore, anemia prevention and timely management require a broad, multi-dimensional approach that addresses these determinants. Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of community-based intervention in improving knowledge, attitudes, practices, and norms among adolescent girls (15-19 years) in the selected blocks of the Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in two intervention blocks (Khajani & Pipraich) of the Gorakhpur district. A baseline survey was followed by 5 months of intervention, after which an endline survey was conducted among unmarried adolescent girls (15-19 years). The baseline and endline surveys were conducted with a minimum of 400 adolescent girls. Moreover, the education intervention was conducted across 120-150 villages of the intervention district. The data were analyzed and presented as mean, and standard deviation (interquartile range), and frequencies (percentages) using STATA version 16.0. Results: The findings indicate a significant improvement in healthy eating intentions, perceived behavior control and social norms related to nutrition and anemia prevention from baseline to endline (p<0.05). We also noticed a statistically significant increase in knowledge, positive attitude, norms, and practices from baseline to end line. Conclusions: The present study suggests that community-based interventions are feasible strategiesfor improving aware ness, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among adolescents. Future interventions should incorporate components that target prevailing social norms, peer influence, and evidence-based behavior change strategies for sustainable outcomes. Keywords: Anemia, social norms, healthy eating, intentions
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Management of Hypertension among Saudi Population
Background: Hypertension, defined as a blood pressure of ≥130/80 mmHg in adults by the American Heart Association, remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. It contributes significantly to coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular events. The global prevalence is estimated at 26% (972 million people) and is expected to rise to 29% by 2025, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to hypertension management among the Saudi population in Hail City. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire comprising three sections: knowledge (scored based on correct responses), attitude (assessed using a Likert scale), and practices (based on frequency of behaviors). Results: More than 80% of subjects expressed concern about long-term medication use, engaged in regular exercise, and preferred home-cooked meals with fruits and vegetables. About half of the hypertensive subjects reported daily blood pressure monitoring and adding lemon to salads. The study revealed an overall acceptable level of KAP. Significant fair positive correlations were found between KAP and age, income, and education level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most respondent’s demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitudes toward hypertension management, with KAP signifi cantly associated with demographic factors.
Evaluating Body Mass Index of Professional Women in Educational Institutions of Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Background and Aim: Women are the powerhouse of every household, filling many duties within the family. Lack of time and workload at workplace and home might have an impact on their health. They won’t give proper attention to their diet and health. Therefore, present study was taken to assess the body mass index status of professional women working in educational sectors in Indore city. Body Mass Index (BMI) is considered as a major determinant of health. Materials and Methods: A random sample of 500 women working in different schools and colleges of Indore city were chosen at age group between 30 - 45 years and comparison was done between these two groups. It is assumed that both study groups may have different job demands, resulting in various dietary choices. This can affect health status particu larly in relation to obesity in women. Obesity, thyroid, diabetes, hypertension, and hormonal disorders were also identi fied as frequent concerns among Indore women. To collect data from the respondents, a self-administered questionnaire was created. Results: According to the findings of this study, the health condition of school teachers and college teachers differed substantially in terms of BMI. A BMI comparison revealed that college teachers were more overweight as com pare to school teachers. Conclusion: Conclusion were drawn healthier BMI, active lifestyle and better dietary habits were witnessed in school teachers as compared to college teachers.
Effect Of Different Drying Methods On Proximate Of Vitamin And Minerals Composition Of Scotch Bonnet (At-Taruhu)
Capsicum chinenseis a hot variety of Chili pepper, it is a perennial flowering plant of the Solanaceae family. It is locally known as atarodo by the Yorubas, osendu by the Igbos and attaruhu by the Hausas of Nigeria. The fruits of C. chinense varies greatly in both color and shape, some appears red, yellow and orange are the most widespread matured colors, but very few also appear brown and purple. This study was aimed to determine effect of different drying methods on scotch bonnet. Proximate compositions of the samples were determined using standard methods. The samples have the following proximate composition; sample A has higher amount of carbohydrate (22.517± 0.7696)%, followed by moisture (8.9567± 0.1401)% then fiber (19.0767±0.6683)%, then protein (20.66± 1.4072)%, then fat (19.98± 1.3469)% and the least was ash (8.1300± 0.026). Sample B also contains higher amount of carbohydrate (21.890± 0.4246)%, followed by moisture (11.8400± 0.3576)% then fiber (19.0567±0.5705)%, then protein (18.05± 0.62583)%, then fat (17.71± 0.5116)% and the least was ash (11.09± 1.0076%) and Sample C also contains higher amount of carbohydrate (21.330± 0.3700)%, followed by moisture (17.2333± 0.4751)% then fiber (18.5767±0.4937)%, then protein (17.370± 0.3310)%, then fat (17.52± 0.4454)% and the least was ash (7.960± 0.9406%).The order of concentration of vitamins in the pepper content was in this order: Vitamin C > Vitamin A > Vitamin E > Vitamin B2 > Vitamin B1 > Vitamin B3. Scotch Bonnet had the highest calcium and magnesium contents, oven drying had the highest phosphorus, potassium and iron contents while sun drying had the highest zinc and sodium contents respectively. The study concluded that shade drying methods are more suitable than the other ones.
In vitro starch digestibility and glycemic response of formulated barnyard millet bread
Barnyard millet is a grain crop of drought resistant and it is generally grown as a rainfed crop and consumed just like rice with potential benefits to human health. Its digestibility of protein is 40 per cent. However, processed barnyard millets digestion properties have not been reported. So in this study, the in vitro starch digestibility and in vivo glycemic indices (GI) of raw, boiled, roasted and germinated barnyard millet incorporated bread products were investigated at the percentage of 10,20,30,40, and 50 replacing the wheat flour. The results showed that the kinetic constant, k, which reflects the rate of hydrolysis in the early stage, ranged between 0.0295 and 0.1559. The k was the lowest in roasted barnyard millet bread, and high in raw barnyard millet bread. More interestingly, the trend of C∞ and k were not fully consistent with each other. The highest incorporation of the barnyard millet flour (50%) incorporated bread showed the lower eGI. Among various processing technique, all variations of germinated barnyard millet breads showed low eGI followed by raw barnyard millet breads. Medium eGI was observed in all variations of both boiled and roasted barnyard millet breads. Therefore, barnyard millet, especially the processed millet, may serve as a potential source of nutraceutical and functional food that could delay the development of type 2 diabetes.
Evaluating the Impact of Ayurvedic Interventions on Renal Health in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Study Analysis
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue that has attracted attention owing to its increasing mortality rate. The disease is classified into five stages according to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It is difficult to diagnose CKD in its early stages (stages I and II) because the GFR might remain normal. The exact cause of CKD remains unclear; however, lifestyle changes and dietary factors are often associated with its development. A multidisciplinary treatment approach is considered the most effective for managing CKD. Panchakarma encompasses detoxification and rejuve nation techniques that aim to balance the doshas, enhance kidney function, and promote overall wellness. Despite the availability of advanced technologies and treatments, early detection remains elusive in developing and middle-income countries. This case report focuses on a 69-year-old male patient with CKD for 7 months and hypertension for 20 years who received Ayurvedic treatment at Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited Hospital, Derabassi. CKD is prevalent in the elderly population owing to age-related physiological changes, increased comorbidities, and cumulative exposure to risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes. The treatment regimen administered to him integrated personalized Ayurvedic principles and Panchakarma therapies, resulting in a significant improvement in his symptoms, kidney function, and overall quality of life. After six days of therapy, the patient demonstrated an improved glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and reported considerable relief from pain and other related symptoms. These results highlight Ayurveda’s potential as an affordable treatment modality that can complement or even replace conventional therapies, particularly in individuals with limited financial resources seeking advanced healthcare options. Despite these promising findings, additional stuies incorporating larger randomized controlled trials are necessary to further assess the efficacy and safety of these Ayurvedic approaches for CKD
Content Analysis of Textbooks of Primary Schools of the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for Nutrition-Related Topics – A Qualitative Study from KP Province of Pakistan
This paper discusses how nutrition-related topics are represented in textbooks used by the primary school-going children of the government schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Recognizing the important role nutrition education plays in promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing malnutrition, this study aims to evaluate the adequacy, accuracy, and integration of nutrition-related concepts within the school curriculum. A qualitative content analysis was done on textbooks of key subjects Science, Mathematics, Social Studies, and Urdu across Grades 1 to 5. The content analysis was to identify the coverage of essential topics on nutrition including food groups, essential nutrients, hygiene, malnutrition, and dietary habits, and assess the systematic introduction and reinforcement of the concepts across various grade levels and subjects. Results suggest that while concepts of basic nutrition are well integrated into the curriculum, gaps lie in the aspects of depth, consistency, and practical application. The most serious issues identified were the low inclusion of micronutrients and malnutrition; subject integration is broken up, interaction and real-life applications are weak, and content is not adequately contextualized in relation to local dietary practices. These gaps reduce the effectiveness of nutrition education in equipping students with the knowledge and skills necessary to make informed dietary choices. This study underscores the need for curriculum improvements to ensure a more comprehensive and structured approach to nutrition education. It suggests greater interdisciplinary integration, inclusion of practical learning activities, and incorporation of culturally relevant dietary examples to enhance students' understanding and application of nutrition knowledge. Improving nutrition education at the primary level can be beneficial in the long run to address malnutrition and improve dietary habits among the future generations in KP.
Lepidium sativum L. (Garden Cress) seed mucilage: Quantitative Assessment (Total Phenols, Flavonoids and Tannins) and FT-IR Analysis
Objectives: Lepidium sativum L. (Garden Cress) is an herb of Brassicaceae family growing in warm climates. The seeds contain mucilaginous compounds that are known to have bioactive properties. In the present investigation, extraction of Lepidiumsativum L. seed mucilage was followed by preliminary screening for carbohydrates, protein, mucilage, and qualitative and quantitative assessment of phytochemicals viz. total phenols, total flavonoids and tannin content. The extracted mucilage was also subjected to FT-IR analysis. Methods: Extraction of seeds of L.sativum was performed and it is dried at 60⁰C for 6-8 hrs, followed by qualitative tests for carbohydrates, protein, mucilage and phytochemicals. The total phenols were estimated using Folin Ciocalteu method, total flavonoids using Aluminium chloride method and tannin content using Folin Denis method. The FT-IR spectra was obtained using the KBr-pellet technique. Results: The screening tests showed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids and phytochemicals. The total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content estimated was 109±1.8 mgGAE/100 g, 96.2 ± 2.4 mgQE/100 g and 87.4 ± 3.2 mgTAE/100 g respectively. The FT-IR spectra of mucilage showed the presence of hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups and confirm the region for carbohydrates and protein. Conclusion: The phytochemical composition of garden cress seed mucilage can be a vital element in food functions which could strengthen the gum structure, improve food and gum interactions and enhance the shelf- life stability. In conclusion, garden cress mucilage appears to have distinct health benefits with added advantages as efficient additive in food products.
Assessment of Knowledge, Practices, and Dietary Patterns on Menstrual Health among Rural Women in Salem District
Poor menstrual hygiene knowledge, practices, dietary patterns during menstruation increase the risk of reproductive health issues and mental stigma. Despite being a global problem, there is a significant lack of knowledge and many misconceptions about menstrual hygiene among women of all ages, particularly in rural areas. This study aims to assess the knowledge, practices, and dietary patterns related to menstrual hygiene among rural women in Salem, Tamil Nadu. The findings will help policymakers, NGOs, and planners to take effective initiatives. This cross-sectional survey, conducted from December 2023 to January 2024, assessed menstrual hygiene knowledge, practices, and dietary patterns among rural women in Salem, Tamil Nadu. Using convenient sampling, 71 participants were initially recruited, and after excluding incomplete responses, 70 completed surveys were analyzed. Female research staff conducted door-to-door interviews using structured questionnaires in English and Tamil. A pilot test with 10 participants refined the questionnaire. Participants were women aged 18-55. Data were analyzed using SPSS for statistical validation. Majority were aged 31-40, with schooling up to the school level, employed, earning Rs. 5,001-10,000 monthly, living in nuclear families with 3-4 members. While age and education influenced menstrual knowledge, factors like occupation and income did not. Menstrual practices were notably engaged, but not significantly predicted by demographic factors. Dietary patterns varied across occupations. Overall, targeted interventions are needed to improve menstrual health knowledge and practices among rural women, considering demographic and dietary influences. The study reveals the nuanced influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and dietary factors on menstrual health knowledge and practices. While age and education notably affect menstrual knowledge, other factors do not significantly explain menstrual practices. However, dietary patterns stand out as influential, suggesting the need for deeper exploration into how diets impact menstrual hygiene.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Food and Dietetics Research
Formulation and Iron Bioavailability in Complementary Foods Processed with Traditional Foodstuffs in Eastern of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Consumption of low iron bioavailability foods is the main contributing factor of iron deficiency for young children, a major public health problem especially common in our low income African countries. This study aimed at utilizing traditional foodstuffs to develop nutrient dense and iron bioavailability complementary foods in eastern D.R. Congo. Nutrient and anti-nutrient content were carried out using appropriate methods. The complementary foods were formulated by extrusion cooking and ground into flour that could be reconstituted into porridge for child feeding as recommended by Codex alimentarius. In-vitro iron availability was measured as Fe (II) bioavailability obtained by a method combining in-vitro protein digestion and dialysis (IVPD-dialysis). Phytic acid content was done by HPLC analysis method of phytic acid with modifications. The foods were formulated to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for 6 month olds. Three (3) formulated complementary foods (CF0221, CF0322 and CF0423) composed of four (4) selected traditional foodstuffs: non-germinated amaranth grain (Amaranthus cruentus), maize (Zea mays), termites (Macrotermes subhylanus) and dagaa fish (Rastreneobola argentea) result in this investigation. Complementary foods developed and precooked products obtained contained 914.5-1234.0 mg/100g phytic acid and <5% bioavailability of non-heme iron. Phytate/iron molar ratio was beyond the critical limits for all the foods. The foods contained up to 3.3% bioavailable iron after pepsin digestion and up to 2.5% bioavailable iron after pepsin + pancreatin digestion. This study provides evidence that eastern D.R. Congo has traditional foodstuffs which are nutrient dense and iron bioavailability content. Traditional grains studied have anti-nutrients and reducing them is necessary before processing to complementary foods. Germinating amaranth grain may reduce phytic acid further improving mineral bioavailability. Termite and dagaa fish can be utilized in processing nutrient dense and acceptable complementary foods. It is therefore recommended that both traditional animal and plant foods be exploited. Facilitation to commercialize and patent the process and products should be done to enable full exploitation.
Development And Evaluation Of Nutribite Crackers Using Lotus Root (Nelumbium Nelumbo)
With increasing nutritional awareness among consumers, the value addition of snacks is gaining importance. The development and availability of value-added, nutridense snacks encourage consumers to make healthy snack choices. Value-added and nutridense snacks consumed by school-going children can contribute to a significant source of energy and nutrients. Lotus root is a less utilized vegetable containing various nutrients. It is a rich source of polyphenols, antioxidants, and dietary fiber. Lotus root is a versatile, culinary delicacy that can be cooked in different ways by stir-frying, boiling, braising, steaming, or deep-frying. This investigation was undertaken to develop a value-added, nutritious Nutribite Crackers, crispy textured and attractive lotus root-based snack for all age groups, especially pre-school and school children. Regular maize flour-based crackers were prepared and standardized as a control sample (MFC). Nutribite Crackers in three different variations (V-1, V-2, and V-3) were prepared using a combination of Lotus root, Maize flour, Wheat flour, Bajra flour, and Jowar flour. The developed crackers (Control: MFC and Variations: V-1, V-2, and V-3) were subjected to sensory evaluation, using a 9-point hedonic rating scale, to study the acceptability by 50 semi-trained panelists. Sensory evaluation results revealed that Nutribite Crackers prepared using Wheat flour, Maize flour, and Lotus root (V-1) were found to be most acceptable with total mean score of (52.02) out of (54), followed by (V-2) prepared using Jowar flour with a total mean score of (49.92) out of (54), then followed by (V-3) prepared using Bajra flour with total mean score of (47.84) out of (54). 100 g of best-rated Nutribite Crackers (V-1) has 545.85 kcal, 4.93 % crude protein, 20.37 % crude fat, 69.80 % carbohydrate, 1621.00 mg/kg potassium, 380.78 mg/kg calcium and 46.77 mg/kg iron. Control and all three variations showed a shelf life of more than 30 days under normal storage conditions. Lotus root incorporated Nutribite crackers (V-1) developed and standardized in this investigation serve as an ideal snack with several health-promoting nutrients for consumers.
Survey on consumer attitude and behavior and preferences about edible oil consumption in Hyderabad, India.
Background: Edible oils are an indispensable component of human diet it plays an essential role not only in nutrition but also acts as a medium of food preparation, preservation and adds to the organoleptic properties of foods.Objective: The present study explored the perception of consumers in terms of selection of edible oils and cooking practices with respect to their understanding of adulteration and awareness of proper disposal and handling of oil during and after the preparation of foods. Taking into consideration the effect of income and their knowledge of health and nutrition as well as their take on processing of edible oils Methodology: A questionnaire based on attitude, practice and knowledge was curated to obtain relevant information regarding buying practices and oil consumption pattern of the respondents in the city of Hyderabad. Results: Study concluded that 79% participants preferred branded oil over loose oil. 63% reported that they consider loose oil adulterated. Participants lacked knowledge about smoke point, acid value, and disadvantages of reusing oil. 63% subjects were reusing oil multiple time even after change in color, odor and change is consistency. Average intake of oil was found to be 1.3±85Kg/month, which is much higher than the recommendations made by ICMR-NIN RDA 2020 of 750g/month for a sedentary worker man.Conclusion: It is important to create awareness among consumer regarding the oil type and its properties. Consumers should also know right temperature at which food should be cooked and when to consider oil as unfit for further use. Choice of oil should not depend on promotions and advertisements, rather properties and other health benefits should be criteria.
Correlation of Body composition, Physical activity with aging: a cross-sectional study for urban adult Indian women
With simple random sampling technique for 450 women of age group 41-55 years, with the general objective of finding out the relationship between Body composition, Physical activity with aging in Gwalior city of India ,descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted . The group was further subdivided into three age groups of 41-45, 46-50, and 51-55 years. Hypothesis testing F test and Correlation were applied to analyze the data.There was significant difference in Body fat percentage score across the three subgroups (p = 0.030). The high mean body mass index (BMI-27.31 (±4.8)) for the total population is an alarming indication for the increasing overweight population in India. The same was supported by a higher average waist-hip ratio of 0.87. The mean weight of 450 women was 65.3 kg (±11.5).GPAQ score differed significantly across the three age groups (p = 0.000).With very high contribution in GPAQ score from house works, majority of the women were found moderately physically active and Sports, fitness and recreational activities were found very less. The older age group was found less physically active. The Findings were that body fat% were positively correlated (p<0.000)and GPAQ score were negatively correlated (p< 0.000) with ageing . The average body age of the study population for Adult women was observed 56 (± 9.9) years against the actual chronological average age of 47.7 years (±4.8), which is around 8 years more. Results emphasized the need for more physical activity for adult women from sports, fitness, and recreational activities in addition to housework for maintaining their body composition and to avoid early aging.
Designing a Mediterranean-like Diet Plan to be Used for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Objectives: To design a Mediterranean diet (MD) that can be utilized as an intervention in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Dietary components were proposed for a Mediterranean menu and typical Pakistani diet. Three-day menu cycles were arranged utilizing the laid-out dietary components. Recipes were created and adjusted to meet the menu objectives at the 2000 calorie level. Using this basic meal plan of 2000, we further developed meanu plans for other multiple menus to give a total of 2500, 3000, and 3500 kcal/day. Results: our results show that 100% of the grains in the Mediterranean meal plan are provided, while the typical Pakistan meal plan provided 10% of whole grain.nutrient-empty and energy-dense desserts and cakes were included for the typical Pakistani meal plan on a daily basis, while these were represented at the least by a MD meal plan. To compare the overall health promotion characteristic, the mean HEI score for the three-day menu cycle was 92.5 and 30.4 for the MD and the typical Pakistani meal plans, respectively, showing the MD diet is more superior in terms of overall health-promotion compared to the other diet plan. Results from the 10 pilot subjects show good compliance of eating their diet in accordance to MD dietary regimen. Mean HEI determined for genuine member consumption (n = 10, 6 days each) was: 92.5% and 30.4%, respectively, for the MD and typical Pakistani diet regimen.
Trends in blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin D in Alavi Bohra women – A micro minority Muslim community cohort study
Background and Aim: Community cohort studies play an essential role in gaining knowledge about diseases and reducing their associated burden in women. The present study aimed to assess the trends of blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin D in women of reproductive age from varying socioeconomic status from the micro minority Muslim Alavi Bohra community residing in Vadodara city.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community cohort study wherein all women of the Alavi Bohra community from Vadodara city (19-45 years) (n=95), were purposively selected (IECHR/FCSc/PhD/2021/124). Data were elicited on socio-economic status (SES) and biochemical profile. Fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, vitamin B12, and vitamin D) using standard protocols and data were segregated based on two classes of socioeconomic status (Lower SES and Upper SES) as per the modified Kuppuswamy socio-economic scale (2021) and analyzed using JASP software for statistical analysis.Result and Discussion: The Alavi Bohra are immigrants from Egypt and Yemen and follow a distinct Muslim culture and lifestyle. The mean age of the women was 33 years (range 21-42 years), and the average income was Rs. 20669 vs Rs. 77162 for low and high-income groups respectively. Biochemical indices revealed that 83% of women had prediabetes as per International Diabetes Federation guidelines (2015), mean FBS of 117 mg/dl with mean HbA1c of 5.7 and vitamin D of 14.36 ng/ml, and mean vitamin B12 of 489.62 pg/ml, and mean total cholesterol of 166 mg/dl, however, women of both groups suffered from metabolic imbalances.Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the lower and upper socioeconomic groups of women. However, a high risk of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and vitamin D deficiency was reported irrespective of socioeconomic class. An in-depth study of their culture and, dietary habits along with social and behaviour change communication is needed for improving the health of women.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Food and Dietetics Research
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ( PCOS ) and Low Glycemic Diet - An Updated Review of literature
One of the most prevalent endocrine disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to an increased risk of metabolic dysregulation. Women who have PCOS have been found to have a higher incidence of obesity. Since eating disorders, such as binge eating, are frequently linked to obesity. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are intrinsically insulin resistant and have a high risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Weight loss improves risk factors and hence low–glycemic index (low-GI) diets are recommended. The majority of PCOS women are lean, but they may still have central obesity and metabolic problems. In populations that are insulin-resistant, studies of dietary interventions with a low glycemic index (GI) have shown an increase in insulin sensitivity; However, in PCOS-positive women, there is little evidence of this effect. The objective of this review was to determine whether women with PCOS benefit from an isocaloric, low-GI dietary intervention on insulin sensitivity regardless of weight change. A GI diet may help restore menstrual regularity, reduce inflammatory markers and improve insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS.
Some Common Causes of Unintentional Weight Gain – A Recent Review of Literature
Weight gain is a problem that affects not only the body, but also influences people's self-esteem. This condition is often not only related to the lack of healthy habits, such as physical exercise and a balanced diet, and may have other causes, such as, thyroid problems, genetics/heredity, excess cortisol, medicines that influence appetite and metabolism etc. In addition, other factors that can influence unintentional weight gain include stress and sleep disturbances. There is scientific evidence of the role of stress as a contributing factor to weight gain. The explanation is simple and involves the body's production of hormones and enzymes that influence appetite and weight gain. Studies show, for example, that stress accelerates the production of cortisol. This hormone, in addition to slowing down metabolism, increases appetite when produced in excess. Cortisol also reinforces the desire for high-calorie foods that are high in sugar and fat, such as chips or cakes. One of the effects of stress is changes in sleep. Difficulty falling asleep, intermittent sleep and nightmares are some of the consequences that this state can have on the sleep cycle. It turns out that systematically sleeping less than 8 hours causes changes in the hormones leptin and ghrelin, responsible for controlling hunger: leptin levels (decreased appetite) decrease, while ghrelin levels (increased appetite) increase. In conclusion, other factors than diet including stress and sleep contribute to weight gain. The reverse can help in healthy weight management.
Basic Food Groups’ Consumption Pattern Among Pregnant Women
Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the 5 Basic Food Groups’ Consumption Pattern Among Pregnant Women in the study area. Methodology: This research employed descriptive survey design. The respondents were pregnant women who have pregnancies between 2 to 40 weeks and within the age range of 15 to 30 years and above. Four Hundred (400) pregnant women were selected using simple random sampling techniques to constitute the research sample. Questionnaires were directly distributed in the area of study, specifically to the pregnant women. The collected data was analyzed using simple frequency percentage. Results: The majority of women (44%) reported consuming three meals per day, followed by those who eat more than 3 meals per day (42%). Only14% of the pregnant women eat less than 3 meals per day. 4% of the study population eat fruits every day, whereas, 32% of them never eat fruits. Those that eat vegetables every day, carried the highest percentage (72%), followed by those that eat vegetables sometimes (28%). Those that eat grains daily carried the highest percentage (86%), followed by those that eat grains sometimes (14%). Those that eat protein foods sometimes carried the highest percentage (64%), with only 28% of them who eat protein foods every day. Those that never eat dairy foods carried the highest percentage (50%), followed by those who eat dairy foods sometimes (34%), with only 16% of the pregnant women who eat dairy foods daily. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results that the majority of the study subjects did not have an adequate intake pattern for the 5 basic food groups.
Effect of Textural Properties on Prawn Chips Using Image Processing Technique
The aim of proposed study is to evaluate the effect of textural changes on prawn chips using image analysis at various processing levels such as frying, drying and storage of the chips after 15 days. Formulations were optimized with flour combinations of 45 % wheat and 25 % refined wheat flour (Maida) and 30 % prawn flour. Drying at 60⁰C in a oven dryer followed by frying of prawn chips at 140⁰C lead to moisture removal which shows the varied intensity of brown colour in the product Depends on the intensity of brown varies with each stages of processing having strong impact on the prawn chips. Surface texture analysis were done by converting the digital image to grey scale by (GLCM) method thereby features were extracted .The changes in intensity of the grey levels can be reduced for a feature reduction which is considered to be parameter of importance. It also used as predictive tool for determining the moisture based on the grey levels. Results of moisture content 5.3%, oil uptake of 2.1 % and shrinkage after frying were16.2 %. Studies were proposed based on application of the image processing could be a rapid method for monitoring the food products.
Effect of oat incorporation on textural parameters of dough and sensory quality of biscuits
In view of their growing importance in human nutrition, incorporation of oats during the manufacture of short-dough type biscuits was studied. Rolled oats were incorporated at 25, 35 and 45% of refined wheat flour in short-dough type biscuit formulation. The oats incorporated dough exhibited less firmness as indicated by lower firmness value for 25% oats incorporation (21.73 N) as against 25.05 N for control dough measured by Texture Analyser. Sensory evaluation of biscuits prepared from the dough revealed that the biscuit made from 25% oat incorporated dough scored highest after control in most of the sensory attributes including overall acceptability. Sensory analysis indicated that oats incorporated biscuits scored less on body and texture owing to increased hardness and dry mouthfeel. The moisture and β- glucan contents were 2.94% and 0.7% for oats added biscuits (25% oats incorporation), respectively. It was concluded that good quality biscuits can be prepared by incorporating rolled oats in biscuit formulation.
Millets (nutricereal)anditsvalue-addition:A review of the health benefits and future prospects
Today, feeding an exponentially growing population with increasing public health issues and global climate change is a significant challenge for many developing countries like India. To counter these issues, either we can increase production, spend a considerable amount on the public health sector, or look for other affordable and healthy alternatives such as millets. Millets can help tackle health challenges such as obesity, diabetes, and lifestyle problems for gluten-free properties, have a low glycemic index, and are high in dietary fiber and antioxidants. This paper reviews the prospects of millets to combat climate-change issues and achieve food and nutritional security. This review was done to highlight the nutritional values, health benefits, availability, and future prospectus of the millet and its value addition. The findings of the paper reveal that millets are ignored since the Green Revolution in India. There is a strong need to develop high value-added products from millets to streamline this crop with other staples to increase its consumption, such as a nutrition bar to meet modern world needs
STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AND INTELLIGENT QUOTIENT (IQ) AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Nutritional status was thought to have a serious effect on intelligence among preschoolers. The objective of this study was to find out the relationship between anthropometric indices and intelligent quotient (IQ) among preschool children. 100 preschool children (62 boys and 38 girls) within the age range of 3 to 5 years were used for the study. The anthropometric indices (Height-for-Age, Mid- Upper Arm Circumference-for-age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Height, and Head Circumference-for-Age) of 100 pre-school children (3-5years) were assessed in this research. These indices were then correlated with Intelligent Quotient (IQ) of the subjects, which was determined by using Kohs Block Design Test. Among the anthropometric indices that were correlated with IQ, Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)-for-age has the highest correlation coefficient (R= 0.313) and hence has the strongest linear correlation with Intelligent Quotient of the subject. While the height-for-age index has the least linear relationship with IQ (R=0.109). Although these indices were found to have a linear correlation with IQ, they are not the only determinants responsible for IQ variations among preschoolers. One such determinant which was proven to have a very strong correlation with IQ is genetics.
PREVALENCE OF SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN SELECTED TRIBAL POPULATION
Background &objectives: The nutritional status of children in their early years is critical for their proper growth and development. Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is a public health issue that affects children worldwide and in developing countries, yet progress in combating the many types of malnutrition is relatively slow. The main objective of the present study was to determine the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 59 months living in the Attappady block of Palakkad District. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 334 children from 1600 households in the province, out of a total of 12600 households. The children's sociodemographic, dietary, and clinical information was collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Three easily and quickly measurable parameters namely height, weight, and Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) were measured using the standard protocol. The children were considered as having underweight and stunting if their weight for age and height for age were below -2SD of WHO standards (Morley, 2008). Results: The present study comprised of 173 (51.8%) male and 161(48.2%) female children out of the total 334 children observed in the study. Male children were found to have a higher prevalence of underweight and stunting. The risk factors such as low birth weight, inadequate protein intake, respiratory infection, history of frequent episodes of diarrheal diseases, and presence of worm infestation were significantly associated with under-nutrition. Assessment of Infant young child feeding practices revealed that improper nutritional care during younger age is the positive contributing factor for under-nutrition in young children. Interpretation & conclusions: The high prevalence of SAM among under-five children was recorded and strong positive correlation was observed between age, body weight, crown heel length, and MUAC in both boys and girls. The plight of nutritional deprivation in early pregnancy and marginal poor nutritional status of the tribal children were the risk factors for SAM among tribal children. The findings showed that child nutrition in tribal Attapaddy is complex, requiring multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary, and multi-level intervention to alleviate malnutrition.
Drying methods Effect of different drying methods on underutilized edible ivy gourd (C. cordifolia) and its Nutritional benefits
Drying is one of the oldest preservation processes available to the mankind, on that we can track since prehistoric times. In today food market dried foods play an important role in the food supply chain. As for fruits and vegetables it can be estimated that they constitute about 1% of the total drying in the food industry Almost 40–50% amount of food items annually are rotten all over the global due to deficiency of proper preservation methods.To extend the shelf life and add value to fresh vegetables, new products may be developed through a drying process. There is a wide range of dried vegetable products such as dried whole vegetable. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of pretreatments on the quality characteristics of dehydrated ivy gourd slices and its storage stability. Ivy gourd contains beta-carotene, a major vitamin A precursor from plant sources (Sachan and Chundawat ). It is also a good source of protein, calcium, and fiber. The quality of dried food products may also be improved by the use of various pretreatment methods. The tender green fruits are nutritious and are good source of protein, calcium, fibre and ßcarotene (vitamin A as precursor). Consuming 100 grams of ivy gourd supplies, 1.4 mg of Iron 1.6g of total dietary fiber, 40 mg of calcium and 30 mg of phosphrous (Behl et al., 1993) [4] . In addition to nutrient composition, it is valued for its major biochemical constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins have been identified.
Determination of total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 in groundnuts and cereal-based street vended foods sold in selected locations in Thika Town, Kenya
Objective: Food contamination with mycotoxins such as aflatoxin in street vended foods is a public health concern in Kenya. The objective of this study was to determine the level of aflatoxins in street vended foods sold in six locations within Thika Town, Kenya. Methods: A total of 36 samples consisting of cereal and cereal based foods and groundnuts were randomly collected for analysis. Screening for aflatoxins was done using NEOGEN®'s Reveal® Q+ for Aflatoxin test kit while quantification of aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin was done through a competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 in street vended groundnuts averaged between 4.420 - 14.241 µg/kg and 3.431-11.289 µg/kg, respectively. Thika town center had significantly (p=0.0012) highest total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 level in groundnuts. On average 16.7% and 44.4% of groundnut samples had total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 levels above the regulatory limits of 10 μg/kg and 5 μg/kg established by the Kenya Bereau of Standards as limits for total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 in groundnuts, respectively. Compared to the 4 μg/kg and 2 μg/kg limit set by the European Union for total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1, 72.2% and 100% of the samples were above these limits, respectively. Conclusion: This abundance of high levels of aflatoxins, especially aflatoxin B1, highlights the need for Kenya to take the necessary steps to effectively manage aflatoxins in ready to eat foods.
Evaluation of Selected Street Fried Foods Oil Quality
Objective: Deep frying is a process in which interaction of food particle and oil takes place at high temperatures. Deep fried foods are commonly consumed foods for its desirable taste, texture and mouthfeel. However, oils used for deep frying can undergo certain oxidation reactions. This study aimed to analysis the selected street fried foods. Methods: In this study, deep fried snacks such as poori (flattened bread of wheat), samosa (pastry with savoury filling), bread pakora (bread stuffed with potato and coated with gram flour) and chicken pakora (small pieces of chicken with mixture of different spices) were randomly collected from the street vendors of Delhi which are consumed regularly by local population. The fried oils from these snacks was extracted and analysed for lipid oxidation status. Results: The study revealed that all these extracted oils have high levels of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and p- anisidine value (p-AV). Although total polar materials (TPM) was not checked in frying oils but the extracted oils was reheated to 50°C and checked for TPM levels, wherein more than 65% of oils were found of unacceptable quality (25.0 > TPM). The fatty acid profiling of oils using gas chromatography depicted the breaking of double bonds into single bonds as Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) constituted 69.2-73.7% in these extracted oils. Trans Fat (TFA) also constituted 1.57-2.31% of these oils. The FTIR data of the oils corroborated the fact that degree of saturation is more in these extracted oils than in fresh oils. Conclusions: All the street fried foods, analyzed, had less than the desirable quality. Therefore, we suggest educating the street fried food vendors to provide good quality fried foods for public.
A Comparative Study of Nutritional Status, MNA, Nutrient Intake and Academic Performance of the Secondary School Children
The present study aims to seek out the association between academic performance, nutritional status, nutrition intake of secondary school children in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu. The sample of the study consisted of 280 secondary school students under the age group of 13-17 years belonging to 12 different Government Residential Tribal schools in Salem district. Tools utilized in this study were nutritional status such as height, weight, BMI, MNA scale and 24 hours recall method (nutrition intake) and academic performance was administered to the chosen subjects to elucidate the data. The collected data was analyzed statistically by employing mean, variance, t-test, and correlation. The nutritional status revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean weight of boys with high academic performance and girls with high academic performance of secondary school children. Regarding the MNA scales, there was insignificant between the groups and therefore the mean score intimates better improvement in girls. there were no significant differences between the boys and girls with low performance and high performance on nutrient content of energy, protein, fat, zinc (boys and girls with high performance), calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, vitamin A, Thiamin, niacin, vitamin C, Riboflavin (boys and girls with low performance) and folic acid. Regarding zinc content boys and girls with low performance, subjects showed a significant difference at a 1% level with mean scores of boys and girls were 5.24 and 5.25. Regarding riboflavin content of boys and girls with high performance was showed a significant difference at a 1% level with the same mean riboflavin scores of 0.95. Further, the correlation of the study variables showed a positive correlation between MNA with academic performance and weight at 0.01% level of significant difference and negative correlation was found in BMI with academics performance,. A positive correlation was observed between energy with protein, fat, zinc, phosphorus, iron, sodium, vitamin A, thiamine , niacin, riboflavin, and folic acid at 0.01% level of significance. Another positive correlation was found between energy with calcium at 0.05% level. Health promotion practitioners or teachers may utilize the findings from the study to the promoter within the school setting for the need to enhanced support students to improve their dietary habits, due to the potential impact on their academic performance.
Nutritional Status Assessment of Selected Male Cancer Patients In Cochin, Kerala
The study was conducted for the assessment of nutritional, functional status and, Quality of Life (QoL) of selected male cancer patients undergoing cancer therapy. A purposive sampling method was adopted and an interview schedule was used to elicit data. The nutritional status assessment was conducted by incorporating modified Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), QoL, and functional status of the patients. The findings suggested that head and neck cancer was the leading type of cancer followed by lung, stomach and oesophagus cancer and a vast majority of patients were in the terminal stages of cancer. The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) revealed that majority of the patients belonged to mildly-moderately nourished category. Majority study subjects had an inadequate nutrient intake with respect to energy, protein, fat, calcium and iron. A statistically significant difference was observed between the actual and suggested nutrient intake. The mean values of physical, social/family, emotional and functional well-being using the FACT-G scale were computed to be 29,26.5, 24, and 175.5, respectively showing that QoL was poor among study subjects, thus impacting cancer therapy. The assessment of nutritional status and physical, social, emotional and functional well-being in cancer patients is crucial for early detection of malnutrition and poor well-being thus facilitating further deterioration and improving the outcome of cancer therapy.
Copyright (c) 2022 Rashmi H Poojara, Smitha Cleetus
A preliminary study to evaluate the physicochemical and microbial population dynamics of a blend of pearl millet flour and buttermilk during spontaneous fermentation
Objectives: The present study assessed the microbial population dynamics and physicochemical test during the spontaneous fermentation of pearl millet flour and buttermilk blend. Materials and Methods: Pearl millet flour samples were taken from the local market of Rewari and Mahendergarh district of Haryana, whereas buttermilk samples were taken from nearby villages of Mahendergarh, Haryana. pH and total titratable acidity were estimated for physicochemical analysis of the blend sample. Microbiological analysis has been carried out to estimate the microbiological population dynamics of samples using different media i.e., 1) Potato Dextrose Agar; 2) Plate Count Agar; 3) Lactobacillus MRS agar; 4) Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. Results: The subject study mainly deals with the physicochemical test and microbiological analysis of pearl millet, i.e., pH ranges from 3.0 to 6.84 where it was lowest in buttermilk sample at 72 h, and highest is 6.84 in flour sample at 0 h, temperature ranges from 13°C to 31.5°C at different conditions (shaking, refrigeration, room temperature). Total titratable acidity as gm/lactic acid was recorded in the range of 0.4 to 0.96, lowest in the blend sample at 0 h, and highest in the blend at room temperature (72 h). In the samples of the blend the total aerobic count, Lactic acid bacteria count, E. coli count, were up to 7.65 (log cfu/ml), up to 6.8 (log cfu/ml), and 3.48 (log cfu/ml), respectively after fermentation. Conclusion: A preliminary study results suggest that the best storage condition is refrigeration for all the samples. However, on 72 h of fermentation LAB counts were increased. This is only a preliminary study, a study with a large sample and much-organized methods need to be investigated for the outcome of these different conditions of microbial dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2022 Monika Sharma, Mrinal Samtiya, Ananya Rana, Tejpal Dhewa, Vijendra Mishra