Dissipation of imidacloprid residues in mango orchard soil quantified by HPLC
Keywords:
Imidacloprid, persistence, mango orchard soilAbstract
Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used in mango ecosystem to control mango hopper at pre bloom stage. Persistence of imidacloprid in soil is well reported. While spraying any insecticide to a tree, some portion does come in contact with rhizosphere soil. Hence after spraying at 0.005 per cent to mango (cv. Dashehari) trees, its residue was analyzed in rhizosphere soil by HPLC. Soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile by vortexing followed by ultrasonic solvent extraction without any cleanup. Imidacloprid dissipated from its initial deposit of 0.760 mg g-1 at zero day to 0.044 mg g-1 after 60 days of spraying in mango orchard soil (Sandy loam). After 60 days of application, 94.21 per cent of imidacloprid degradation was recorded in soil. The dissipation rate followed pseudo first-order kinetics in soil with calculated half-life (DT50) value of 17.5 days. Imidacloprid has been found a persistent insecticide in mango orchard soil.
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Figure 1: Exponential curve for dissipation of imidacloprid residues in mango orchard soil
Dissipation of imidacloprid in three different types of soils of West Bengal (Gangetic alluvial soil of Kalyani, lateritic soil of Jhargram and coastal alkaline soil of Canning) followed first-order kinetics with DT50 values ranging from 28.7 to 47.8 days (Sarkar et al., 2001). After 40 days of drenching apple tree basin at 890 and 1780 g a.i. ha-1, imidacloprid residue in apple orchard soil was reported to be 0.14-3.61 mg kg-1 (Dubey et al., 2006). Samnani et al. (2013) have reported that imidacloprid degradation under laboratory conditions was faster in black soil followed by clay soil, red soil and sandy loam soil with half-life values of 39.10, 42.74, 45.69 and 50.10 days, respectively. In Australia, it was noticed that half-life value of imidacloprid in red brown soil at termiticidal application rate of 50 mg kg-1 was quite higher (990-1230 days) than normal agricultural rate of 1 mg kg-1 (Baskaran et al., 1999) under laboratory conditions
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