Portfolio Optimization in the Light of Sustainability Constraint: Evidence from Indian Capital Market

Authors

  • Jeet Mukherjee Assistant Professor, Balurghat College, Department Of Commerce, India Author
  • Arindam Das Professor, Department Of Commerce, The University Of Burdwan, India Author
  • Shuvashish Roy Consultant-Business Development And Training, Centre For Research And Development, Dhaka, Bangladesh Author

Keywords:

Portfolio optimization, Markowitz model, Sustainability-based portfolios, NLP

Abstract

For the past few years, it is seen that most  of the companies are facing the pressure  to provide the information regarding their  performance based on environmental, social  and governance (ESG) issues. Although there  are very limited studies which has focused on  the optimal ways to construct sustainability based portfolios. This papertries to reduce this  gap by incorporating the ESG constraint in  portfolio optimization. The objective of the  study is to construct an optimum portfolio  by using the basic Markowitz mean-variance  optimization model and the modified mean  variance model with sustainability constraint in  order to make a comparative evaluation of basic  Markowitz model and proposed mean variance  optimization model with ESG constraint  in Indian Capital Market. The study shows  that the modified mean variance model with  sustainability constraint is very much effective in  the Indian capital market rather than the basic  Markowitz optimization model.

References

Alvarez, S., Larkin, S. L., &Ropicki, A. (2017). Optimizing provision of ecosystem services using modern portfolio theory. Ecosystem services, 27, 25-37.

Ballestero, E. (1998). Approximating the optimum portfolio for an investor with particular preferences. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 49(9), 998-1000.

Ballestero, E., Bravo, M., Pérez-Gladish, B., Arenas-Parra, M., &Pla-Santamaria, D. (2012). Socially responsible investment: A multicriteria approach to portfolio selection combining ethical and financial objectives. European Journal of Operational Research, 216(2), 487-494.

Bansal, S. P., & Gupta, S. (2000). Portfolio Management-The EPG Approach. Finance India, 14(4), 1143-1154.

Bauer, R., Koedijk, K., &Otten, R. (2005). International evidence on ethical mutual fund performance and investment style. Journal of banking & finance, 29(7), 1751-1767.

Benati, S. (2015). Using medians in portfolio optimization. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 66(5), 720-731.

BenSaïda, A., Boubaker, S., & Nguyen, D. K. (2018). The shifting dependence dynamics between the G7 stock markets. Quantitative Finance, 18(5), 801-812.

Branke, J., Scheckenbach, B., Stein, M., Deb, K., &Schmeck, H. (2009). Portfolio optimization with an envelope-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. European Journal of Operational Research, 199(3), 684-693.

Bruni, R., Cesarone, F., Scozzari, A., &Tardella, F. (2016). Real-world datasets for portfolio selection and solutions of some stochastic dominance portfolio models. Data in brief, 8, 858-862. 10. Calafiore, G. C. (2007). Ambiguous risk measures and optimal robust portfolios. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 18(3), 853-877.

Cesarone, F., Scozzari, A., &Tardella, F. (2020). An optimization–diversification approach to portfolio selection. Journal of Global Optimization, 76(2), 245-265.

De Long, J. B., Shleifer, A., Summers, L. H., &Waldmann, R. J. (1990). Noise trader risk in financial markets. Journal of political Economy, 98(4), 703-738.

Dorfleitner, G., &Utz, S. (2012). Safety first portfolio choice based on financial and sustainability returns. European Journal of Operational Research, 221(1), 155-164.

Edmans, A. (2011). Does the stock market fully value intangibles? Employee satisfaction and equity prices. Journal of Financial economics, 101(3), 621-640.

Fletcher, J., & Hillier, J. (2001). An examination of resampled portfolio efficiency. Financial Analysts Journal, 57(5), 66-74.

Gangi, F., &Varrone, N. (2018). Screening activities by socially responsible funds: A matter of agency?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, 842-855.

Gil-Bazo, J., Ruiz-Verdú, P., & Santos, A. A. (2010). The performance of socially responsible mutual funds: The role of fees and management companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(2), 243-263. 18. Gupta, H. O. (1997). Half Yearly Financial Results and Behaviour of Share Prices in India (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Thesis, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi).

Gupta, O. P., & Sehgal, S. (1993). An empirical testing of capital asset pricing model in India. Finance India, 7(4), 863-874.

Halbritter, G., &Dorfleitner, G. (2015). The wages of social responsibility—where are they? A critical review of ESG investing. Review of Financial Economics, 26, 25-35.

Henke, H. M. (2016). The effect of social screening on bond mutual fund performance. Journal of Banking & Finance, 67, 69-84.

Hennessy, D. A., &Lapan, H. E. (2003). An algebraic theory of portfolio allocation. Economic Theory, 22(1), 193-210.

Ivković, Z., Sialm, C., &Weisbenner, S. (2008). Portfolio concentration and the performance of individual investors. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 43(3), 613-655. 24. Jensen, M. C. (1968). The performance of mutual funds in the period 1945-1964. The Journal of finance, 23(2), 389-416.

Kazemi, H. B. (1988). A Multiperiod Asset-Pricing Model with Unobservable Market Portfolio: A Note. The Journal of Finance, 43(4), 1015-1024.

Kempf, A., &Osthoff, P. (2007). The effect of socially responsible investing on portfolio performance. European financial management, 13(5), 908-922.

Konno, H., & Yamazaki, H. (1991). Mean-absolute deviation portfolio optimization model and its applications to Tokyo stock market. Management Science, 37(5), 519-531.

Latané, H. A., & Tuttle, D. L. (1966). Decision theory and financial management. The Journal of Finance, 21(2), 228-244.

Lee, S., & Chang, K. P. (1995). Mean-variance-instability portfolio analysis: a case of Taiwan’s stock market. Management Science, 41(7), 1151-1157.

Leibowitz, M. L., &Bova, A. (2005). Allocation betas. Financial Analysts Journal, 61(4), 70-82. 31. Lintner, J. (1965). Security prices, risk, and maximal gains from diversification. The Journal of Finance, 20(4), 587-615.

Lucas, A., &Siegmann, A. (2008). The effect of shortfall as a risk measure for portfolios with hedge funds. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 35(1‐2), 200-226.

Manjunatha, T., &Mallikarjunappa, T. (2006). An Empirical Testing of Risk Factors in the Returns on Indian Capital Market. Decision (0304-0941), 33(2).

Mansini, R., Ogryczak, W., &Speranza, M. G. (2007). Conditional value at risk and related linear programming models for portfolio optimization. Annals of operations research, 152(1), 227-256. 35. Markowitz, H. M. (1952). Portfolio Selection. “Journal of Finance” 7, 77-91. 36. Markowitz, H. M. (1959). Portfolio Selection: Efficient Diversification of Investments. Cowles Foundation Monograph, 16.

Markowitz, H. M., & Todd, G. P. (1987). Mean-variance analysis (Vol. 1-4). The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics.

Markowitz, H. M. (1991). Portfolio Selection: Efficient Diversification of Investments. Cambridge, Massacchusetts.

Mehta, K., &Chander, R. (2010). Application of Fama and French three factor model and stock return behavior in Indian capital market. Asia Pacific Business Review, 6(4), 38-56.

Mishra, S. K., Panda, G., &Majhi, B. (2016). Prediction based mean-variance model for constrained portfolio assets selection using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. Swarm and evolutionary computation, 28, 117-130.

Oikonomou, I., Platanakis, E., & Sutcliffe, C. (2018). Socially responsible investment portfolios: does the optimization process matter?. The British Accounting Review, 50(4), 379-401. 42. Pérez Odeh, R.,Watts, D., & Flores, Y. (2018). Planning in a changing environment: Applications of

portfolio optimisation to deal with risk in the electricity sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 3808-3823.

Pogue, G. A. (1970). An extension of the Markowitz portfolio selection model to include variable transactions’ costs, short sales, leverage policies and taxes. The Journal of Finance, 25(5), 1005-1027. 44. Post, T., & Levy, H. (2005). Does risk seeking drive stock prices? A stochastic dominance analysis of aggregate investor preferences and beliefs. The Review of Financial Studies, 18(3), 925-953. 45. Qi, Y. (2018). On outperforming social-screening-indexing by multiple-objective portfolio selection. Annals of Operations Research, 267(1), 493-513.

Raj, V. S., &Murugan, A. B. (2011). Perception of mutual fund investors. The Indian Journal of Commerce, 64(1), 46-54.

Renneboog, L., Ter Horst, J., & Zhang, C. (2008). Socially responsible investments: Institutional aspects, performance, and investor behavior. Journal of banking & finance, 32(9), 1723-1742. 48. Rockafellar, R. T., &Uryasev, S. (2000). Optimization of conditional value-at-risk. Journal of risk, 2(3), 21-41.

Roy, A. D. (1952). Safety first and the holding of assets. Econometrica: Journal of the econometric society, 431-449.

Samuelson, P. A. (1970). The Fundamental Approximation Theorem of Portfolio Analysis in terms of Means, Variances and Higher Moments. The Review of Economic Studies, 37(4), 537-542. 51. Schröder, M. (2007). Is there a difference? The performance characteristics of SRI equity indices. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 34(1‐2), 331-348.

Sharma, C., & Banerjee, K. (2015). A study of correlations in the stock market. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 432, 321-330.

Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425-442.

Statman, M., &Glushkov, D. (2009). The wages of social responsibility. Financial Analysts Journal, 65(4), 33-46.

Steinbach, M. C. (2001). Markowitz revisited: Mean-variance models in financial portfolio analysis. SIAM review, 43(1), 31-85.

Taneja, Y. P. (2010). Revisiting famafrench three-factor model in indian stock market. Vision, 14(4), 267-274.

Tobin, J. (1958). Liquidity preference as behavior towards risk. The Review of Economic Studies, 25(2), 65-86.

Utz, S., Wimmer, M., &Steuer, R. E. (2015). Tri-criterion modeling for constructing more-sustainable mutual funds. European Journal of Operational Research, 246(1), 331-338.

Vij, M., &Tamimi, M. (2010). Trade-off between risk and return. Finance India, 24(4), 1197-1210. 60. Zhang, Y., Li, X., &Guo, S. (2018). Portfolio selection problems with Markowitz’s mean–variance framework: a review of literature. Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making, 17(2), 125-158. 61. Zhou, X. Y., & Yin, G. (2003). Markowitz’s mean-variance portfolio selection with regime switching: A continuous-time model. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 42(4), 1466-1482.

Downloads

Published

2024-01-31

How to Cite

Portfolio Optimization in the Light of Sustainability Constraint: Evidence from Indian Capital Market . (2024). IITM JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STUDIES (JBS), 11(1), 270–279. Retrieved from https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/jbs/article/view/16857