Growth Performance of Crossbred Calves Fed Total Mixed Ration with Moringa Oleifera Leaves
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.20.1.09Keywords:
Crossbred calves, Digestibility, Feed efficiency, Feeding cost, Growth, Intake, M.oleifera leavesAbstract
The experiment was designed to study the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves inclusion in total mixed ration on 50% protein base replacement of calf starter on growth, feed intake, digestibility, feed efficiency, and cost of feeding in crossbred calves. The fourteen newborn crossbred calves (75% HF x 25% Kankrej) were sequentially allocated to control (T1) and study (T2) groups. The calves were fed using calf starter and 50% calf starter replaced with M. oleifera leaves (MOL, both had equivalent protein %), in T1 and T2 group, respectively. Both TMR were having roughage to concentrate ratio 75:25 and 65:35 during 1-14 and 14-18 weeks of age, respectively. The gain in body weight and body measurements like heart girth, body length was similar in both treatments, except wither height, which was lower in T2 group. The intake of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, metabolizable energy and water (daily, percent and metabolic body weight basis) was statistically similar in both groups, except percent intake of crude protein, metabolizable energy and energy intake on metabolic body weight which was lower in T2 group. The digestibility of nutrients, and feed conversion efficiency were statistically similar in both groups. The cost of feeding for weight gain was 6.26% higher in 50% MOL inclusion T2 group than the control T1 group.
Downloads
References
Abdel-Raheem, S. M., & Hassan, E. H. (2021). Effects of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, ruminal enzyme activities and growth performance of buffalo calves. Sau. J. Biol. Sci., 28, 4430–4436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.037
Aharwal, B., Roy, B., Lakhani, G. P., Baghel, R. P. S., Singh S. K. P., & Yadav, A. (2018). Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on feed intake and growth performance of Murrah Buffalo Calves. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 7(09), 1960–1973. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.709.238
Aharwal, B., Roy, B., Yadav, A., & Saini, K. P. (2019). Economic analysis of Moringa oleifera leaf meal for Murrah buffalo calf rearing. Int. J. Recent Sci. Res., 10(07), 33337-33339.
Anonymous (2012). Nutritive value of commonly available feeds and fodders in India, Animal Nutrition Group, National Dairy Development Board, Anand-388001
AOAC (1995). Official Methods of Analysis, 16th end. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, D.C.
Bashar, M., Huque, K., Sarker, N., & Sultana, N. (2020). Quality Assessment and feeding impact of Moringa feed on intake, digestibility, enteric CH4 emission, rumen fermentation, and milk yield. J. Adv. Vet, Anim. Res., 7(3), 521-529. https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2020.g449
Cohen-Zinder, M., Leibovich, H., Vaknin, Y., Sagi, G., Shabtay, A., Ben-Meir, Y., Nikbachat, M., Portnik, Y., Yishay, M., & Miron, J. (2016). Effect of feeding lactating cows with ensiled mixture of Moringa oleifera, wheat hay and molasses, on digestibility and efficiency of milk production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 211, 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.11.002
Dahlanuddin, Yanuarianto, O., Poppi, D. P., McLennan, S. R., & Quigley, S. P. (2014). Liveweight gain and feed intake of weaned Bali cattle fed grass and tree legumes in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Anim. Prod. Sci., 54(7), 915-921. https://doi.org/10.1071/an13276
Elaidy, A. A., Abou Selim, I. A., Abou-Elenin, E. I., Abbas, M. S., & Sobhy, H. M. (2017). Effect of feeding dry Moringa oleifera leaves on the performance of suckling buffalo calves. Asian J. of Anim. Sci., 11(1), 32-39.
FAO (2014). Moringa. Traditional Crop of the Month. Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.fao.org/traditional-crops/Moringa/en/
Fattah, S., Sobang, Y. U., & Samba, F. D. (2017). Improving feed intake and digestibility of rations for male Bali cattle fattened with common practice meals, in Timor, by the addition of a complete diet containing Moringa oleifera powder. J. Appl. Chem. Sci., 4(2), 373–376. https://doi.org/10.22341/ jacs.on.00402p373
Hall, M. B. (2023). Invited review: Corrected milk: Reconsideration of common equations and milk energy estimates. Journal of Dairy Science, 106(3). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5460-3208
Henuk, Y. L. (2018). Many uses of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) in human and animal nutrition. Res. Rev. J. Agric. Allied Sci., 7(1), 41-45.
Imran, M., Bilal, G., unNisa, M., Mobashar, M., & Ali, M. (2016). Effect of feeding Moringa oleifera hay on performance, lactation, and nitrogen balance in lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes in semi-arid areas of South Asia. J. Animal Poult. Sci., 5 (1), 1-12.
Jangam, A. K., & Wadekar, P. N. (2004) Web-based Agriculture Statistic software Package- WASP 2.0. developed at Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Goa, India. (https://ccari.icar.gov.in/wasp2.0/index.php)
Kekana, T. W., Marume, U., Muya, C. M., & Nherera-Chokuda, F. V. (2021). Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a feed supplement for dairy calves. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 51(5), 550–559. https://doi.org/10.4314/ sajas.v51i5.1
Kekana, T. W., Marume, U., Muya, M. C., & Nherera-Chokuda, F. V. (2020). Periparturient antioxidant enzymes, haematological profile and milk production of dairy cows supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 268, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2020.114606
Khalel, M., Shwerab, A., Hassan, A., Yacout, M., El-badawi, A., & Zaki, M. (2014). Nutritional evaluation of Moringa oleifera fodder in comparison with Trifolium alexandrinum (berseem) and impact of feeding on lactation performance of cows. Life Sci.,11(10), 1040-1054.
Malik, A., Gunawan, A., Erlina, S., Widaningsih, N., & Rizikie, E. (2019). Effect of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) supplementation via urea molasses multi-nutrient Moringa block (UM3B) on nutrient intake and utilization in Bali cattle. J. Anim. Health and Prod., 7(2), 70-74. https://doi.org/10.17582/ journal.jahp/2019/7.2.70.74
Mishra, S.P., Singh, P., & Singh, S. (2012). Processing of Moringa oleifera leaves for human consumption, Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci. 2(1), 28–31.
Nasrin, S., Abd Razak, A., Haque, K. S., Awis, Q. S., Halimatun, Y., & Hossain, S. M. J. (2014). The effect of cutting interval on yield and nutrient composition of different plant fraction of Moringa oleifera tree. J. Food. Agric. Environ., 12(2), 599-604.
NRC (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle: 2001. National Academies Press. Washington, DC, USA
Oduro, I., Ellis, W. G., & Oswsu, D. (2008). Nutritional potential of two leafy vegetable: Moringa oleifera and Ipomoea batata leaves. Sci. Res. Essays, 3(2), 57-60.
Parmar, M. R., Makwana, R. B., Kalaria, V. A., & Savaliya, B. D. (2021). Effect of replacing concentrate mixture with Moringa (Moringa oliefera) leaf hay on growth performance and blood biochemical profiles in Gir calves. In 17th Meeting of AGRESCO subcommittee on Animal Production and Fisheries Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Pg, 31-36.
Roy, B., Bashar, M., Hossain, S., Huque, K., & Makkar, H. (2016). Performance evaluation of Moringa oleifera and available roughages (Maize and Australian sweet jumbo) on feeding values of growing BLRI cattle breed-1 (BCB-1) bulls. Am. J. Exp. Agric., 14(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/ 10.9734/ajea/2016/29284
Shankhpal, S. S., Waghela, C. R., Sherasia, P. L., Sridhar, V., Srivastava, A. K., & Singh, D. (2019). Effect of feeding Moringa (Moringa oleifera) as green fodder on feed intake, milk yield, microbial protein synthesis and blood profile in Crossbred cows. Indian J. Ani. Nutri., 36(3), 228-234. https://doi.org/ 10.5958/2231-6744.2019.00038.0
Sherasiya, A. N. (2021). Effect of feeding Moringa meal on performance of crossbred calves. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat, India.
Sherasiya, A.N., Lunagariya, P.M., Modi, R.J., Patel, J.H., Chaudhary, M.M., & Wadhwani, K.N. (2022). Effect of incorporation of Moringa oleifera meal in feed on growth performance of crossbred heifers. Indian J. Vet. Sci. Biotechnol., 18(2), 21-25.
Snedecor G. W., & Cochran W. G. (2014). Statistical Methods. 8th ed. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Soliva, C. R., Kreuzer, M., Foidl, N., Foidl, G., Machmüller, A., & Hess, H. D. (2005). Feeding value of whole and extracted Moringa oleifera leaves for ruminants and their effects on ruminal fermentation in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 118(1-2), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.10.005
Soltan, Y. A., Morsy, A. S., Lucas, R. C., & Abdalla, A. L. (2017). Potential of mimosine of Leucaena leucocephala for modulating ruminal nutrient degradability and methanogenesis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 223, 30-41.
Soltan, Y. A., Morsy, A. S., Sallam, S. M. A., Louvandini, H., & Abdalla, A. L. (2012). Comparative in vitro evaluation of forage legumes (Acacia, Leucaena, atriplex and Prosopis) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 21(4), 759-772.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods of dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74, 3583-3597.
Yang, L., Guang-Ning, Z., Hong-Jian, X., Shuang, Z., Xiu-Jing, D., Cong, L., Xing-Yi, Z., Hong-Bo, Z., & Yong-Gen, Z. (2019). Effects of replacing alfalfa hay with Moringa oleifera leaves and peduncles on intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Livest. Sci., 220, 1871-1413.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences & Biotechnology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
