Current Status of Reproductive Performance and Problems in Dairy Animals of Gujarat and their Amelioration including Study of Fertility Gene Markers
Keywords:
Dairy animals, Fertility gene, Gujarat, Infertility amelioration, Nutritional supplement, Reproductive problemsAbstract
The surveillance of breedable 4711 zebu cattle, 8416 crossbred cattle and 15688 buffaloes (total 28,815) from 5 different regions of Gujarat revealed reproductive problems in 27.4, 26.6 and 34.5 % animals, respectively. Reproductive performance, reproductive problems, feeding, and housing practices varied among different classes of animals in different regions. Natural service was still the major means of breeding cattle and buffaloes in Saurashtra and Kutch region, while in middle, north and south Gujarat AI has been practiced for 70-90% breeding. Blood glucose, biochemical and minerals profile of infertile animals also varied greatly in different regions, and it was significantly improved following supplementations of chelated ASMM and bypass fat for 30-45 days. Among so called infertile animals (7390), the incidence of anestrus was maximum (23.34%) followed by repeat breeding (14.94%), subestrus (14.69%), uterine infection (12.91%), infantile genitalia/pubertal anestrus (9.64%), pregnancy or estrus (10.63%) and others (13.83%). Supplementation of minerals in combination with bypass fat in anestrus animals resulted in enhanced estrus response and conception rate as compared to supplementation of minerals and bypass fat alone. Biherbal therapy (pulverized Curry leaves and Bael leaves, 1:1) @ 200 g/day for 5 days modulated genital health and improved estrus expression and conception rate in anestrus, repeat breeding and endometritic bovines (n=75). With respect to molecular identification of fertility marker gene tried in more than 550 animals, targeting 6 specific genes, only LHCGR3 showed appreciable difference in gene frequencies between fertile and infertile crossbred HF cattle. ‘T’ allele was more prevalent in infertile crossbred cattle (50%), and ‘C’ allele in fertile crossbred cattle (100%). However, no such differences were observed in indigenous cattle and buffalo. It was also validated on 83 crossbred calves below 1 year of age by revealing genotype frequency of CC, TT and CT as 0.70, 0.11 and 0.19, and allele frequency for T and C allele as 0.20 and 0.80, respectively, predicting 80% of tested calves fertile. Thus, SNP ‘T’ in LHCGR3 may be involved in infertility at least in crossbred cattle.
Downloads
References
Akhtar, M.H., Samantaray, S., Kumar, A., Roy, G.P., & Singh, A.P. (2004). Effect of deworming and vitamin-mineral supplementation in crossbred heifers. Intas Polivet, 5(1), 43-45.
Anonymous (2016-20). Annual Reports of years 2016 to 2020 of AICRP on nutritional and physiological interventions for enhancing reproductive performance in animals, ICAR-NIANP, Bangalore, India.
Boland, M.P., & Lonergan, P. (2003). Trace minerals in production and reproduction in dairy cows. Advances in Dairy Technology, 15, 319-330.
Butani, J.B. (2013). Supplementation of appropriate mineral mixture to anestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes in tribal areas of Panchmahal district. MVSc Thesis, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India.
Butani, M.G, Kumar Rajesh, Dhami, A.J., Kavani, F.S., & Killedar A. (2008). Incidence of major infertility problems in crossbred cows and buffaloes under field conditions. Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians, 4(2), 1-4.
Cerri, R.L.A., Juchem, S.O., Chebel, R.C., Rutigliano, H.M., Bruno, R.G.S., Galvão, K.N., Thatcher, W.W., & Santos, J.E.P. (2009). Effect of fat source differing in fatty acid profile on metabolic parameters, fertilization and embryo quality in high
producing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 1520- 1531.
Charlini C.B., & Sinniah, J. (2015) Performance of Murrah, Surti, Nili Ravi buffaloes and their crosses in the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 27, Webpage http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd27/3/ char27047.html
Devasenat, B., Reddy, I.J., Ramana, J.V., Prasad, P., & Prasad, J. (2010). Effect of supplementation of area specific mineral mixture on reproductive performance of crossbred cattle - A field study. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 27(3), 265- 270.
Dhami, A.J., Parmar, S.C., Hadiya, K.K., Patel, J.A., & Parmar, C.P. (2017). Dairy husbandry practices and problems of dairy farmers of tribal and non-tribal areas of Middle Gujarat. Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 70(3), 351-356.
Dhami, A.J., Parmar, S.C., & Patel, J.A. (2018). Productive-reproductive performance and problems of dairy animals in arid and semi arid areas of Kutch and North Gujarat. International Journal of Livestock Research, 8(1), 121-128.
Dhami, A.J., Patel, J.A., Hadiya, K.K., Parmar, S.C., & Chaudhari, D.V. (2019). Nutritional infertility and ameliorative measures in dairy animals of middle Gujarat. The Indian Journal of Veterinary Science & Biotechnology, 14(3), 5-9.
Dhami, A.J., Patel, J.A., Hadiya, K.K., Chaudhari, D.V., & Panchal, M.T. (2020). Estrus induction and ovulation synchronization in infertile animals: A novel technology towards doubling the dairy farmers’ income. A Folder Published by the authors under AICRP, Veterinary College, AAU, Anand, pp. 1-12.
Durgesh, M., Garg, U.K., Shukla, S,, & Jadav, G.P. (2009). Prevalence of different pathological affections of uterus in buffaloes (Bubaliis bubalis) in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. Buffalo Bulletin, 28, 215-217.
Hadiya, K.K., Patel, J.A., Shah, R.G., Panchal, M.T., & Dhami, A.J. (2014). Monthly pattern of inseminations and reproductive health disorders in dairy bovines of middle Gujarat. Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians, 9(3), 28-33.
Hu et al. (2007). http://genomes.sapac. edu.au/ bovineqtl/ Ingawale, M.V., & Dhoble, R.L. (2004) Buffalo reproduction in India: An overview. Buffalo Bulletin, 23, 4-9
Joshi, P.M., Patel, D.C, Patel, P.D., & Sarvaiya, N.P. (2020). Effect of chelated mineral mixture on blood profile and fertility in anoestrus buffaloes of tribal areas of Dahod district in Gujarat, India. The Indian Journal of Veterinary Science & Biotechnology, 15(3), 61-65.
Joshi, R.S., Rank, D.N., Dhami, A.J., & Mankad Pooja (2017). Molecular identification of specific gene marker for infertility in dairy animals. In: Proceedings of 5th Annual Convention of SVSBT and National Seminar on “Opportunities and Challenges of Translational Research in the Frontier Areas of Animal Biotechnology” held at OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India, September 22-23, P. 56-57.
Joshi, R.S., Rank, D.N., Dhami, A.J., & Zala Hinal (2018). Infertility gene markers: molecular identification in dairy animals. In: Proceedings of 34th ISSAR Convention and “International Symposium on “Productivity Enhancement through Augmenting Reproductive Efficiency of Livestock for Sustainable Rural Economy” held at Veterinary College, AAU, Anand, India, December 28-30, p. 123.
Kharadi, V.B., Desai, P.M., Sabapara, G.P., Vij, P.K., Singh, P.K., Singh, G, & Ahlawat, S.P.S. (2006) Buffalo Genetic Resources of India - Surti. Network Project on Animal Genetic Resources (lCAR), NBAGR, Karnal, India
Kumar, P.R., Shukla, S.N., Shrivastava, O.P., & Purkayastha, R.D. (2013). Incidence of postpartum anestrus among buffaloes in and around Jabalpur. Veterinary World, 6, 716–719.
Kumar, P.R., Singh, S.K., Kharche, S.D., Chethan Sharma, G., Behra, B.K., Shukla, S.N., Kumar, H., Agarwal, S.K. (2014) Anestrus in cattle and buffalo: Indian perspective. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2, 124-138.
Kumar Rajesh, Butani, M.G., Dhami, A.J., Kavani, F.S., & Shah, R.G. (2009). Effects of different therapies on fertility and serum progesterone, metabolites and minerals profile in repeat breeding crossbred cows. Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians, 5(2), 1-8.
Mc Donald, L.E. (1980). Veterinary Endocrinology and Reproduction. 3rd edn, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.
Modi, L.C., Patel, P.A., Patel, S.P., Patel, G.G., Joshi, A.H., & Suthar, D.N. (2011). Prevalence of reproductive problems in buffalo in Mehsana milk-shed area of Gujarat. International Journal of Agro-Veterinary Medical Sciences, 5, 424-428.
Mohteshamuddin, K., Dhabale, R.B., Prakash, N., Tandle, M.K., & Awati, B. (2012). Incidence of repeat breeding in cattle of Bidar taluka of Karnataka, India. International Journal of Agro Veterinary Medical Sciences, 6, 11-13.
Pareek, N.K., Ankuya, K.J., Patel, M.P., Joshi, N.A., Rathod, B.S., Prajapati, K.B., & Patel, J.B. (2016). Factors affecting age at first calving in Kankrej cattle. Journal of Animal Research, 6, 127-130.
Parmar, S.C., Dhami, A.J., Parmar, C.P., & Chaudhary, M.M. (2016). Animal husbandry practices and problems of dairy farmers in coastal areas of South Gujarat. The Indian Journal of Veterinary Science & Biotechnology, 12(2), 12-17.
Patel, N.B., Kavad, S.D., & Rao, T.K.S. (2014). Eco-friendly livestock management practices followed by tribal households of Narmada valley region of India.Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6, 512-518.
Patel, N.B., Patel, J.B., Rao, T.K.S., Singh, R.R., & Modi, R.J. (2013). Housing management practices of dairy animal in Patan district of North Gujarat reg ion. Indo-American Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 1, 31-37.
Puvarajan, B., & Vijayarajan, A. (2013). Effect of area specific mineral supplementation in anoestrous crossbred heifers. Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians, 8(4), 43-45.
Rakshe, P.T. (2003). Effect of age at first calving and subsequent period of breeding on the performance of buffaloes from the college of agriculture Pune (MS), India. Buffalo Bulletin, 22, 7-11.
Rao, T.K.S., Patel, N.B., & Tyagi, K.K. (2015). Eco-friendly housing and feeding management of dairy animals in tribal area of high rain coastal India. Research in Environment and Life Science, 8, 75-80.
Roberts, S.J. (1986). Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. 3rd edn., Ithaca, New York, USA.
Sabapara, G.P., Desai, P.M., Kharadi, V.B., Saiyed, L.H., & Singh, R.R. (2010). Housing and feeding management practices of dairy animals in the tribal area of South Gujarat. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 80, 1022-1027.
Santos, J.E.P., Rutigliano, H.M., & Sá Filho, M.F. (2009). Risk factors for resumption of postpartum cyclicity and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 110, 207-221.
Selvaraju, M., Veerapandian, C., Kathiresan, D., & Chandrahasan, C. (2005). Incidence of bovine reproductive disorders. Indian Veterinary Journal, 82, 556.
Singh, K.P., Singh, B., Singh, J.P., Singh, S.V., Singh, P., & Singh, H.N. (2011). Mineral and salt supplementation for anoestrous crossbred heifers. Indian Veterinary Journal,, 88(4), 31-32.
Singh, B., Pushkraj, S., Dhruvaraj, S., Gautam, D., & Sachin, T. (2016). Study of productive traits in Sahiwal x Holstein Friesian crossbred cows - Frieswal. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 50, 425-429.
Snedecor, G.W., & Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods. 8th edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Srivastav, S.K. (2008). Effect of mineral supplementation in oestrus induction and conception in anoestrus crossbred heifers. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 78, 275.
Staples, C.R., Burke, J.M., & Thatcher, W.W. (1998). Influence of supplemental fats on reproductive tissues and performance of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 856-871.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
