Evaluation of Imidacloprid Induced Changes in Thyroid Gland and its Amelioration with Withania somnifera in Wistar Rats

Authors

  • Soujanya Samala Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, PVNRTVU, Hyderabad-500 030, Telangana, India,
  • Lakshman Mekala Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, PVNRTVU, Hyderabad-500 030, Telangana, India.
  • Madhuri Doppalapudi Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, PVNRTVU, Hyderabad-500 030, Telangana, India.
  • Gopala Reddy Alla Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, PVNRTVU, Hyderabad-500 030, Telangana, India.
  • Rama Rao Department of Avian Nutrition, Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, Telangana, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.19.5.03

Keywords:

Electron microscopy, Imidacloprid, Rats, Thyroid gland, Withania somnifera

Abstract

The study was conducted on a total of 48 female Wistar rats divided into four groups, each containing 12 rats. Group 1 was control, group  2 was imidacloprid control, group 3 was Withania somnifera control and group 4 was administered with both imidacloprid and Withania  somnifera. The rats of group 3 and 4 were subjected to oral treatment of Withania somnifera (1 gm/kg feed) for a period of 30 days to  measure the protective effect against thyroid toxicity induced by imidacloprid (30 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days). Hormonal assays  showed a significant (p<0.05) rise in thyroid stimulating hormone and fall in triidothyronine and thyroxine in imidacloprid administered  rats when compared to control. No gross lesions were noticed in thyroid gland. Group 2 thyroid gland sections revealed congestion,  degenerated thyroid follicles with loss of colloid substance, increase in inter-follicular space, atropic follicles, fibrosis, pyknotic nuclei,  detachment of follicular epithelial cells, increase in number of micro-follicles and proliferation of follicular epithelium towards lumen.  Electron microscopy of thyroid gland from group 2 rats revealed significant pathological changes. The degree of lesions was minimal in  group 4 rats when compared to group 2 rats. These results indicate that Withania somnifera is beneficial in ameliorating the imidacloprid  induced thyroid toxicity in rats. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbassy, M.A., Marzouk, M.A., Nasr, H.M., & Mansy, A.S.M. (2014). Effect of imidacloprid and tetraconazole on various hematological and biochemical parameters in male albino rats (Rattus norvegious). Journal of Political Science and Public Affairs, 2(3), 1-7.

Abdel-Wahhab, K.G., Mourad, H.H., Mannaa, F.A., Morsy, F.A., Hassan, L.K., & Taher, R.F. (2019). Role of ashwagandha methanolic extract in the regulation of thyroid profile in hypothyroidism modeled rats. Molecular Biology and Reproduction, 46, 3637-

Bhaskar, R., & Mohanty, B. (2014). Pesticides in mixture disrupt metabolic regulation: In silico and in vivo analysis of cumulative toxicity of mancozeb and imidacloprid on body weight of mice. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 205, 226-234.

Feinstein, R.E. (2000). Postmortem procedures. In: Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science. Svendsen, P. and Hau, J. 2nd edition, CRC Press, London, New York, Washington D.C p. 383-396

Girdhari, L.G., & Rana, A.C. (2007). Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): A Review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 1(1), 129-136.

Hafez, E.M., Issa, S.Y., Al-Mazroua, M.K., Ibrahim, K.T., & Rahman, S.M.A. (2016). The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid; a male reproductive system toxicity inducer- human and experimental study. Toxicology Open Access, 2(1), 1-8.

Ibrahim, K.A., El-Desouky, M.A., Abou-Yousef, H.M., Gabrowny, K.H., & El-Sayed, A.S.M. (2015). Imidacloprid and/or esfenvalerate induce apoptosis and disrupt thyroid hormones in neonatal rats. Global Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry.10(3),

-112.

Kamel, S., & Cherif, A. (2017). The effects of two insecticides imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos on male quail Cortunix japonica. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 6(1), 189-201.

Kapoor, U., Srivastava, M.K., & Srivastava, L.P. (2011). Toxicological impact of technical imidacloprid on ovarian morphology, hormones and antioxidant enzymes in female rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49, 3086-3089.

Kapoor, U., Srivastava, M.K., Bhardwaj, S. & Srivastava, L.P. (2010). Effect of imidacloprid on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in female rats to derive it’s no observed effect (NOEL). The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 35(4), 577-581.

Lakshman, M. (2019). Application of conventional electron microscopy in aquatic animal disease diagnosis: A review. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies.7(1), 470-475.

Matsuda, K., Shimomura, M., Ihara, M., Akamatsu, M., & Sattelle, D.B. (2005). Neonicotinoids show selective and diverse actions on their nicotinic receptor targets: Electrophysiology, molecular biology and receptor modeling studies. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 69(8), 1442-1452.

Nabiuni, M., Parivar, K., Noorinejad, R., Falahati, Z., Khalili, F., & Karizadeh, L. (2015). The reproductive side effects of imidacloprid in pregnant Wistar rats. International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology, 2015(1), 10-18.

Panda, S., & Kar, A. (1999): Withania somnifera and Bauhinia pupurea in the regulation of thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 67(2), 233-239.

Pandey, S.P., & Mohanty, B. (2017): Disruption of the hypothalamic pituitary-thyroid axis on co-exposures to dithiocarbamate and neonicotinoid pesticides: Study in a wildlife bird, Amandava amandava. Neuro-Toxicology, 60, 16-22.

Pandey, S.P., & Mohanty, B. (2015): The neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid and the dithiocarbamate fungicide mancozeb disrupt the pituitary-thyroid axis of a wildlife bird. Chemosphere, 122, 227-234.

Pirahanchi,Y., Toro, F., & Jialal, I. (2020). Physiology, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). In: Stat Pearls, Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/books/ NBK499850/.

Saadi, L., Mahboubi, Y., & Matallah, R. (2014). Inflammatory effects of imidacloprid on thyroid activity in rats. International Conference on Civil, Biological and Environmental Engineering, pp: 73-75.

Snedecor, G.W., & Cochran, G. (1994). Statistical Methods, 8th ed., Iowa State University Press, Amer, Iowa, USA.

Swenson, T.L., & Casida, J.E. (2013). Aldehyde oxidase importance in vivo in xenobiotic metabolism: imidacloprid nitroreduction in mice. Toxicological Sciences, 133(1), 22-28.

Vohra, P., Khera, K.S., & Sangha, G.K. (2014). Physiological, biochemical and histological alterations induced by administration of imidacloprid in female albino rats. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 110, 50-56.

Downloads

Published

2023-09-10

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 5 (2023): The Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology (IJVSBT) (Sep-Oct) 2023

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences & Biotechnology

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Samala, S., Mekala, L., Doppalapudi , M., Alla, G.R., & Rao, R. (2023). Evaluation of Imidacloprid Induced Changes in Thyroid Gland and its Amelioration with Withania somnifera in Wistar Rats. Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology, 19(5), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.19.5.03
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC