Removal of Fluorides Using a Low-Cost Adsorbent
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2023.10.1.23Keywords:
Fluorides, Low-cost Adsorbents, Tulsi, Percentage Removal, AdsorptionAbstract
Water is one of the most precious and important resources. We must consume safe, wholesome, and drinking water. The level of fluoride in the groundwater varies greatly among regions in India. Fluoride poisoning has reportedly gone out of hand and is currently harming at least 267 districts spread over 19 states in India, according to the Ministry of Water Resources. Thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh have a fluoride contamination problem in eleven of them. According to IS 10500 - 2012, drinking water fluoride values must be between 1.0 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L. The Nalgonda method is one of the methods used to remove too much fluoride from groundwater. These strategies all have a variety of shortcomings. Adsorption techniques have been shown to be more efficient. ResearchersDue of their affordability and effectiveness, adsorption techniques are more frequently used by researchers.
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‘Prevention and control of fluorosis’ Volume 2, Water quality &Defluoridation techniques, Rajiv Gandhi National drinking water mission, Ministry of rural development, NewDelhi-1993.
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D.S. Bhargava &D.J. Killedar, ‘Relationshipin fluoride Although the percentage reduction is modest at lower fluoride beginning concentration levels, the water after treatment nevertheless conforms well with the permitted fluoride limits set by IS 10500 - 2012.
It has been noted that at an initial fluoride concentration of 5 mg/L, only 73% of the fluoride is removed. This results in a fluoride level that is 1.35 mg/L after treatment, which is significantly less than the 1.5 mg/L permitted limit defined by IS 10500 - 2012. The removal rate is 95% at a starting fluoride concentration of 20 mg/L, leaving a residual fluoride concentration of 1 mg/L.
The amount of fluorides removed is significantly impacted by the pH variation of the sample. With a drop in pH, the percentage removed rose. Although the percentage reduction is modest at lower fluoride beginning concentration levels, the water after treatment nevertheless conforms well with the permitted fluoride limits set by IS 10500 - 2012.
It follows from the study that as Tulsi powder dosage increased, so did the percentage of removal.
Fluoride elimination increased with contact time, reaching its maximum during a 3-hour contact period.
Initial fluoride also affects percentage removal. adsorption on fish-bone charcoal’, volume 2 (4), IJEMS, pp157-162, Oct 1995.
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