Development of Multi-dimensional Scale to Measure Attitude of Farmers Towards Conservation Agricultural Practices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2023.59126Keywords:
Attitude scale, Conservation agriculture, Reliability, Validity, Principal component analysis, Multi-dimensional approachAbstract
Attitude exhibits a pivotal role in influencing one’s behaviour towards any psychological object. The present study aimed at developing and validating a multi-dimensional attitude scale on Conservation Agricultural practices based on Maheshwari–Kumar–Jhamtani– Bhaskaran–Dandapani (M-K-J-B-D) method. The steps included item collection, item selection, item analysis, conducting Principal Component Analysis to extract the underlying dimensions and finally calculation of attitude scores. A total of 75 attitudinal items were pooled initially covering various aspects of Conservation Agriculture (CA) and were subjected to item relevancy checking and item analysis. The final scale contained 25 attitudinal statements under eight sub-dimensions. The reliability of the scale was measured by using Cronbach’s Alpha and the reliability coefficient was found to be 0.80 which was satisfactory. The validity was assessed using content validity method by dispensing the finalized scale to 10 subject related experts. This standardized scale can be used by other academicians of related fields with or without modifications to measure attitude of farmers towards different aspects of Conservation Agriculture.
Downloads
References
Anastasi (1968). Psychological Testing. London, MacMillian Company. Bardhan, T., & Bhardwaj, N. (2022). Construction of knowledge test to assess knowledge level of farmers’ of northern India regarding conservation agricultural practices in wheat. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 17(2), 1-6.
Bhattacharyya, S., Burman, R. R., Sharma, J. P., Padaria, R. N., Paul, S., Datta, A., Venkatesh, P., Singh. L., Prasad, Y. G., Nalkar, S., Kumari, A. S., Rao, N. V., Kumar, N. K., & Roy, P. (2021). Measuring stakeholder’s perception of Sansad Adarsg Gram Yojona. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(10), 1476-81.
Chandhana, B., Kumar, G. D. S., & Sengar, R. S. (2022). Development of scale to measure sunflower farmers’ perception on public and private extension systems. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(3), 197-200.
CIMMYT. (2011). Conservation agriculture and smallholder farmers in eastern and southern Africa-leveraging institutional innovations and policies for sustainable intensification and food security. Mexico. https://repository.cimmyt.org/handle/10883/19086 s
DAC&FW. (2019). Agricultural statistics at a glance 2019. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, New Delhi
Edwards, A. L. (1969). Techniques of attitude scale construction, Bombay. Vakils Feffer and Simons Pvt Ltd.
FAI. (2020). Fertilizer Statistics 2019-2020. New Delhi. FAO. (2015). World hunger falls to under 800, eradication is next goal. FAO News 27, May 2015. Available at https://www.wfp.org/news/ news-release/world-hunger-falls-under-800-million-eradication next-goal-0
Gracia, J. E., & Krishna, V. V. (2021). Farmers adoption of sustainable intensification technologies in maize system of global south: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 41(8), 1-20.
Gupta, S. K., Nain, M. S., Singh, R., & Mishra, J. R. (2022). Development of scale to measure agripreneurs attitude towards entrepreneurial climate. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(2), 153-157.
Krishna, V. V., Keil, A., Jain, M., Zhou, W., Jose, M., Subhas, S. P., Barba-Excoto, L., Singh, B., Jat, M. L., & Erenstein, O. (2022). Conservation agriculture benefits Indian farmers, but technology targeting needed for greater impacts. Frontiers in Agronomy, 4, 772732.
Kumar, G. A. K. (2006). M-K-J-B-D method - oral communication with the first author. https://seea.org.in/uploads/pdf/v09212.pdf Lal, R. (2016). Feeding 11 billion on 0.5 billion hectare of area under cereal crops. Food and Energy Security, 5(4), 239-251. Mohanty, A. K., Kumar, G. A. K., Singh, B. B., & Meera, S. N. (2009). Developing multidimensional scale for effective measurement of rural leadership. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 9(2), 57–63.
Ramu, G. M., & Asokhan, M. (2021). A scale to measure attitude of farmers towards conservation agricultural practices. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(11), 486-491.
Ray, G. L., & Mondal, S. (2011). Research methods in social sciences and extension education. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. Shitu, G. A., Nain, M., & Kobba, F. (2018). Development of scale for assessing farmers’ attitude towards precision conservation agricultural practices. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 88(3), 498-503.
Sidhu, R., Bansal, M., Bath, G. S., & Garg, R. (2015). Impact of stubble burning on the ambient air quality, International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 3(10), 46-50.
Singh, D., Kaur, P., & Singh, D. (2021). A Standardized Scale to Measure the Attitude of Farmers Towards Zero-Till Drill. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 57(2), 11-18.
Som, S., Burman, R. R., Sharma, J. P., Padaria, R. N., Iquebal, M. A., & Suresh, A. (2018). Construction of Multi-dimensional Scale for Measuring Perception towards Migration. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 13(2), 279-285.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
