Construction of an Index to Assess the Awareness of Horticultural Farmers towards e-Extension Services
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.622RT01Keywords:
e-Extension services, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), Horticultural farmers, Awareness index and Digital advisory systemsAbstract
The rapid expansion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has reshaped agricultural extension, offering scalable pathways for disseminating timely, location-specific information to farmers. Horticulture crops are highly perishable in nature and decision-making time-sensitive; the effectiveness of e-extension systems depends strongly on farmers’ awareness and understanding of digital advisories. This present study, conducted during 2025, aimed to construct a scientifically valid and reliable index to measure the awareness of horticultural farmers towards e-extension services. Based on an extensive literature review, expert consultations and field insights, 112 statements were initially generated across three conceptual domains: general awareness about e extension, awareness of public e-extension services, and awareness of private e-extension services. Following rigorous screening using Edward’s criteria and relevancy testing by 70 experts, 48 statements met the established criteria of Relevancy Weightage (>0.80) and Mean Relevancy Score (> OMRS = 2.44). The index was validated through field administration among 60 horticultural farmers in non-sampled areas. Reliability analysis indicated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.951) and strong split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.936). The validated index provides a robust measurement framework to assess awareness gaps and strengthen ICT-enabled advisory systems, thereby enhancing the accessibility, effectiveness, and impact of e-extension services in the horticultural sector.Downloads
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