The Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar
<p>The Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction, an official organ of the Indian Society for Study of Animal Reproduction (ISSAR) publishes basic/applied research articles, short communications and clinical articles/case reports in Veterinary gynaecology, obstetrics, andrology, semenology, artificial insemination, embryo transfer and other assisted reproductive technologies. It is published bi-annually i.e. June and December.</p> <p>Indexing details:<a href="https://suggestor.step.scopus.com/progressTracker/index.cfm?trackingID=C8339782A25DAA2E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Scopus Indexed Journal</a>, <a href="https://naas.org.in/NJS/journals2024.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NAAS Rating - 4.13</a>, <a href="https://www.cabi.org/wp-content/uploads/SerialCitedReport_2023-07-03_n.xlsx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CABI,</a><a href="https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/details?id=126364" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> ICI</a>, ASI, <a href="https://search.crossref.org/?q=0970-2997&from_ui=yes" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cross ref</a>, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=2583-7583&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a>, <a href="https://www.base-search.net/Search/Results?type=all&lookfor=2583-7583&ling=1&oaboost=1&name=&thes=&refid=dcresen&newsearch=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Base</a>, Wos applied for.</p>The Indian Society for Study of Animal Reproduction (ISSAR)enThe Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction0970-2997Report on 38th Annual Convention and International Symposium of ISSAR held at Manuthy, Kerala from 6-8th Dec 2023.
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/12656
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The inauguration of 38</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">th</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Annual Convention of ‘The Indian Society for Study of Animal Reproduction’ (ISSAR) and International Symposium on ‘Frontiers in Theriogenology: Research and Practice’ was held on 6</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">th</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">December 2023 at 10 AM in the Golden Jubilee auditorium, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala. The Chairman of the organizing committee, ISSAR 2023 and Faculty Dean, CVAS, Mannuthy, Prof. (Dr.) K. Vijayakumar welcomed the gathering. The programme was presided over by Prof. (Dr.) Shiv Prasad, President, ISSAR and Prof. (Dr.) M. Selvaraju, Gen. Secretary, ISSAR presented the annual report. The symposium was inaugurated by the chief guest Prof. (Dr.) Mohanan Kunnummal, Hon’ble Vice- Chancellor, Kerala University of Health Sciences. The guest of honour, Prof. (Dr.) M.R. Saseendranath, Hon’ble Vice- Chancellor of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University addressed the august gathering and released the compendium. The former senior faculty members of the Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Kerala were honoured during the occasion. Felicitations were offered by Prof. (Dr.) T.S. Rajeev, Director of Entrepreneurship, KVASU and Dr. R. Rajeev, Managing Director, Kerala Livestock Development Board. Dr. C. Jayakumar, Organizing Secretary, ISSAR 2023 & Associate Professor and Head, Department of ARGO, CVAS, Mannuthy offered vote of thanks. Dr. Brig. N. M. Singhvi VSM and Dr. Sudhir Kumar Agarwal have been awarded with Life Time Achievement Award 2022 and 2023 respectively. Dr. G. N. Purohit, Dr. Pankaj Sood, </span></p>
Annual reportAnnual Convention(ISSAR)ResearchFrontiers in Theriogenology
Copyright (c) 2024
2023-12-252023-12-2511211810.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.24CASA Based Assessment of Kangayam bull semen processed with different extenders and Conception rate following AI
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/12480
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Semen extenders are the essential components of cryopreservation of semen. Identification of suitable and ready to use semen extender is the need of hour for the rapid propagation of Kangayam cows through artificial insemination. Kangayam bull, aged 5 years was utilized for the study. The semen was collected twice in a week and each time two ejaculates were collected. A total of 24 ejaculates were utilized for this study. After assessing the general macroscopical examination the semen was subjected to computer aided semen analysis (CASA) for assessing the kinematic parameters in fresh diluted semen, pre freeze and post thawed such as sperm motility, progressive individual motility, VAP, VSL, ALH and LIN were analyzed using CASA. Among all the three extenders, the sperm kinematic parameters during fresh diluted, pre freeze and post thawed semen stages were higher in group III (liposome based extender) followed by group I (TEYG) and in group II (soya bean lecithin based extender). Among the three extenders used, the components of liposome based extender was better and it was able to maintain the structural integrity, plasma membrane integrity and motility in the sperms of the frozen thawed semen than the other two extenders (TEYG and soya bean lecithin based extenders). Further the fertility rate was evaluated by the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">in vivo </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">insemination of 60 Kangayam cows after 12 hours of onset of estrum. The fertility rate observed was 45.00, 40.00 and 65.00 per cent in groups I, II and III, respectively. The overall conception rate recorded in Kangayam cow was 50.00 per cent. Based on the findings, it was concluded that liposome based extender may be used for cryopreservation of Kangayam bull semen in order to maximize the fertility rate. </span></p>
Research ArticleKangayamCASAKinematicsConception rateExtendersKrishnamoorthy ElamuruganMani SelvarajuRayappan Ezakial NapoleanRavichandran RuthrakumarMani PeriyannanDuraisamy Gopikrishnan
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-292023-12-29758210.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.14Ovarian Follicular Development Study in Jersey Crossbred Cows Reared in India
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/12479
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ovarian follicular wave pattern studies provide the basis for applying reproductive intervention for improving fertility and improving the success of embryo transfer programmes in cattle. Four apparently healthy non-pregnant, pluriparous crossbred Jersey cows reared in a local farm located at Tirupur were utilized for this study. The evaluation was performed more than one plane, and all the measurable follicles (>3mm) were counted and recorded every other day. Various follicular dynamics related parameters were studied such as day of wave emergence, dominant follicle, static phase of dominant follicle, regressing phase of dominant follicle, day of maximum diameter, maximum size, duration of growth, growth rate, duration of atresia, rate of atresia and duration of detection. The Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed every other day throughout an estrous cycle starting from observed estrus (Day 0) to the subsequent standing estrus. A total of 10 normal estrous cycles were monitored for follicular wave pattern, in which 8 out of 10 (80 per cent) were two wave and 2 out of 10 (20 per cent) were three wave estrous cycles. The mean length of 2-wave estrous cycle was 19.25±0.41 days and 3-wave estrous cycle was 21.50±0.50 days. It was concluded that Jersey crossbred cows frequently had 2 wave estrous cycle with pre-ovulatory follicle size 12.62±0.94mm with the growth rate of 1.13±0.12mm/day and the size of pre-ovulatory follicle in 3-wave estrous cycle was lower (10.75±1.25mm) than 2-wave estrous cycle. </span></p>
Research ArticleFollicular dynamicsFollicular wavesJersey crossbred cowsUthandaraman LakshmikantanMani SelvarajuRangasamy MathivananThangavel GeethaMani PeriyannanRavichandran Ruthrakumar
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-292023-12-29363910.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.7Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation in the Maternal Diet During Early Lactation on the Oxidative Status of Sows and Growth of Piglets
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/12478
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The present study was conducted on 21 crossbred Large White Yorkshire sows to assess the effect of flaxseed supple mentation on oxidative stress in sows and growth of piglets. All sows were equally allocated into three groups. Group 1 served as the control and followed their normal feeding schedule. Group 2 and group 3, in addition to their normal feed ing schedule, were supplemented with flaxseed at a rate of 0.5% and 1.0% of the dry matter, respectively. Blood samples were collected 15 days prior to farrowing, on the day of farrowing (day 0), at weekly intervals until day 28 of lactation and at monthly intervals during gestation to assess the oxidative status in each sow. Body weight and weight gain in each piglet was measured during lactation period. The assessment of oxidative stress in blood was done through estimations of malondialdehyde (MDA), end product of lipid peroxidation. No changes (P>0.05) in MDA concentrations were mani fested at any of the days measured during lactation and gestation in sows of all the groups. Similarly, there was no effect of flaxseed treatment on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in all sows at any of the days measured during lactation period (P>0.05) as well as during gestation period (days 30-90). In the current farrowing, the piglets exhibited a steady increase (P<0.05) in bodyweight as well as weight gain in all groups from day 0 until day 28 of lactation. No effect (P>0.05) of flax seed fed to sows on litter weight and weight gain was noticed until day 21 of lactation, However, the effect of treatment was evinced on day 28 of lactation compared to control group. In conclusion, flaxseed supplementation had no impact on MDA and SOD concentrations in sows; nevertheless a treatment effect was noticed on body weight and weight gain in piglets. </span></p>
Research ArticleFlaxseedMalondialdehydeOxidative stressSowSuperoxide dismutaseSukhjinder KaurAshwani Kumar SinghMrigank HonparkhePrahlad SinghUdeybir Singh
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-292023-12-29182610.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.4Research on Bovine Endometritis: Current Insights and Future Directions – A Review
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/12477
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The post-partum reproductive performance of cows is identified as a pivotal factor influencing the success or failure of the dairy industry. Achieving timely uterine involution, complete endometrial regeneration, and the resumption of ovarian cyclic activity are crucial for conception within the desired timeframe. However, uterine contamination with pathogens during parturition remains an unavoidable challenge, leading to suboptimal productivity and fertility. Metritis and clinical endometritis are recognized post-partum conditions, while sub-clinical endometritis has emerged as a significant threat to achieving desired fertility in dairy cows. This review summarizes a comprehensive assessment of factors contributing to delayed clearance and persistence of uterine infections in dairy cows, particularly sub-clinical endometritis (SCE). Diagnostic techniques, including bacterial culture, the Whiteside test, endometrial cytology, and trans-rectal ultrasonography (TRUS), are discussed, each with advantages and limitations.The paper explores the association between SCE and various risk factors, such as negative energy balance (NEB), metabolic indicators, and hormonal changes during the post-partum period. The significance of parameters like body condition score (BCS), backfat thickness (BFT), and metabolic indicators (leptin, NEFA, BHBA) in assessing energy status and predicting reproductive efficiency is highlighted.In addition, the underexplored area of fungal infections in dairy cows’ uteri, emphasizing fungi’s opportunistic nature and their potential to cause reproductive failure has also been reviewed. The immune system’s role in uterine defense against fungal infections and the diagnostic challenges, including mycological cultures and cytological examinations, the therapeutic challenges, and the poor prognosis associated with fungal endometritis have also been discussed. </span></p>
Review ArticleSubclinical endometritisFertilityBovinesPathogensMadhumeet Singh
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-292023-12-291710.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.1Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Tulsi, Garlic and Commercially used Antibiotics against Bovine Bacterial Endometritis using Molecular Docking Analysis
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/11928
<p>The present study was conducted with the objective to find effective drug against bacterial bovine endometritis using Molecular docking. The antibacterial property of selected plants was studied and its comparison with conventional antibiotics was done. The plants selected for study were Tulsi and Garlic on the basis of its potent antibacterial activity. Selection of bacteria (<em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em>) for the present study was done on the basis of most predominant bacteria causing bovine endometritis as observed in previous studies. The selected bacterial proteins were docked against phytochemicals of plants. Vital proteins of <em>Staphylococcus aureus<strong> </strong></em>are<strong> </strong>Gyrase B (3G75), FtsA (3WQU), DNA ligase (3JSN), Dehydrosqualene synthase (3TFN) and <em>Escherichia coli </em>are FtsZ (6UMK), DNA gyrase (1KZN) and ZapD (5DKO). The docking procedure was carried out using Autodock. It was concluded that, gentamicin (-6.95 Kcal/mol), enrofloxacin (-6.97 Kcal/mol) and Tulsi (-6.40 Kcal/mol) showed better binding affinity followed by garlic (-3.89 Kcal/mol). Apigenin, one of the phytoconstituent of tulsi showed the better binding affinity among all the phytochemicals (ranging from -7.2 Kcal/mol to -9.2 Kcal/mol) of garlic and tulsi against targeted bacterial proteins, it can be taken into consideration alone after extraction or in combination therapy. Hence, Tulsi alone or in combination with garlic can be used for further <em>in vivo</em> or <em>in vitro</em> trials in a direction of effective drug discovery against bacterial bovine endometritis.</p>
Research Articlemolecular docking, endometritis, garlic, tulsiDamini Arya Rashmi TyagiShingini SharmaMridula Sharma
Copyright (c) 2023 Damini Arya, Rashmi Tyagi, Shingini Sharma, Mridula Sharma
2023-12-292023-12-29697410.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.13Effect of Adenosine 5´ Triphosphate (ATP) and Incubation Time on Frozen Thawed Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/11805
<p>The present study was aimed to determine the effect of ATP dose rate on longevity, motility, and viability of frozen-thawed buffalo bull’s sperm. For this purpose, 20 frozen semen straws of four different buffalo bulls were obtained from a private semen production unit (Al-Hiawan Sires, Sahiwal). The experiment was replicated four times. In each replicate, four frozen straws of the same bulls were thawed and pooled. After evaluating the motility, the pooled frozen-thawed sample was aliquoted into three separate tubes containing 0 (control), 1-, or 2-mM concentrations of ATP. Afterward, each aliquot was incubated at 37<sup>o</sup>C for 4 hrs. The sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity were observed at various time points (10 min., 1hr, 2hr, and 4hr) during the incubation period of four hrs. It was observed that progressive motility and most of the motion kinematic parameters were greater (P<0.05) in control. A significant (P<0.05) interaction was observed between ATP dose and incubation time. The progressive motility, total motility, VCL, VAP, ALH, and BCF decreased (P<0.05) both by incorporation of ATP (1mM or 2mM) and increasing incubation time (from 10 min to 4hrs) which indicate the ATP and incubation time of 4 hours negatively affect the motion kinetics of buffalo bull sperm. In conclusion, it was witnessed that the motility and plasma membrane integrity of sperm declined by the supplementation of ATP in frozen-thawed buffalo bull semen.</p>
Research ArticleBuffalo bullATPSpermPost-thawMisbah HanifEjaz AhmadZahid NaseerMuhammad Saleem AkhtarTanveer Ahmad Tanveer HussainSaeed Murtaza
Copyright (c) 2023 Misbah Hanif, Ejaz Ahmad, Zahid Naseer, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar, Tanveer Ahmad , Tanveer Hussain, Saeed Murtaza
2023-12-292023-12-29646810.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.12Effect of Self Made Intravaginal Progesterone Sponge on Fertility in Goat
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/11801
<p>Comparative studies of intravaginal sponges containing three different doses of progesterone on estrous synchronization; fertility, fecundity and prolificacy of synchronized does by natural mating were conducted during the breeding season at Central Sheep Breeding Farm, Hisar. A total of 60 Beetal does selected randomly and divided into group I, II and III with 20 does in each, and subsequently intravaginal sponges containing 50, 100 and 150 mg P4 were inserted respectively for 14 days and an i/m injection of PMSG (@200IU/doe) was injected just after sponge removal in each doe. Effective number of animals remained 55 as 5 does dropped their sponges. Forty eight to sixty hrs after sponge removal, 14, 16 and 15 does from group I, group II and group III respectively were synchronized to estrus and subsequently hand mated individually with bucks of proven fertility. The fertility, fecundity and prolificacy per cent after synchronization of oestrus in group I, group II and group III was 78.57, 87.50 and 86.66; 128.57, 156.25 and 166.66; 163.63, 178.57 and 192.30 respectively. Eighteen animals (6 does from each group) selected randomly out of 60 animals for progesterone estimation. Blood samples were collected immediately before insertion of intravaginal sponges (day 0) and then subsequently on day 7, 14 after sponge insertion and 48 and 72 hrs after sponge removal. Progesterone concentration was above basal level in most of animals on day 0 in all the groups. Increase in plasma progesterone concentration (with in group) was recorded on day 7 and decreased on day 14 & 48 hrs after sponge removal. These changes were significant in group II & III while non-significant in group I. Progesterone concentration decreased non-significantly 72 hours after sponge removal in all the three groups. Significant difference in plasma P4 concentration was reported in between group I and group II & III on day 7 & 14. </p> <p> </p>
Research ArticleSynchronizationEstrogen-progesteronePMSGFertilityFecundity and ProlificacyTara Chand JangirHiteshPradeepRahulSandeep KumarAnand Kumar PandeyRam Avtar Luthra
Copyright (c) 2023 Tara Chand Jangir, Hitesh, Pradeep, Rahul, Sandeep Kumar, Anand Kumar Pandey, Ram Avtar Luthra
2023-12-292023-12-29556310.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.11A Comprehensive Review of Brucella canis: Zoonotic Risks and Preventive Strategies
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/11437
<p><em>Brucella canis</em>, a zoonotic agent, primarily infects dogs and wild Canidae. Infection is notably suspected in dogs exhibiting epididymitis, infertility, or diskospondylitis. Recent reports indicate a growing incidence of <em>Brucella canis</em> infections in dogs, particularly among those imported into the UK from Eastern Europe. Although human infections by <em>B. canis</em> are relatively uncommon, clinical manifestations are typically mild, yet severe cases can potentially lead to septicemia. The disease in humans is incurable and spreads through contact with fluids from infected animals. Various diagnostic protocols, including Real-time PCR, Rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT), and Complement fixation test (CFT), are employed for the diagnosis of canine brucellosis. These serological tests play a crucial role in diagnosing canine brucellosis. Given the potential zoonotic risks, it is imperative to consistently include <em>B. canis</em> in diagnostic algorithms for canine diseases.</p>
Review ArticleBrucella canisDiagnosisPreventionZoonosisAkhter RasoolPorteen KannanSarath Thulasiraman
Copyright (c) 2023 Akhter Rasool, Porteen Kannan; Sarath Thulasiraman
2023-12-292023-12-2981310.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.2Effect of GnRH on the day of Insemination on Ovulatory Response in Crossbred Cows
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/11224
<p>The effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue on the ovulatory response of oestrual follicle during cold and hotter months of the year was studied. A total of 120 crossbred cows brought for insemination with oestrus signs during colder months (December 2022 –January 2023; n=52) and hotter months (April – May 2023; n=68) to the Gynaecology Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu were utilized for the study. Oestrus (Day 0) was confirmed by gynaeco-clinical and ultrasound examination and animals were inseminated with (n =33) or without (n = 87) GnRH (Buserelin acetate 10 mcg; im). The biometry of oestrual follicle (OF) and regressing corpus luteum (RCL) were measured ultrasonographically on Day 0 and the OF was observed every 24 hours until ovulation. The diameter of the OF on Day 0 was non-significantly (P > 0.05) larger during hotter months (12.19 ± 0.21 mm) than colder months (11.58 ± 0.32 mm). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in the diameter of RCL between the two periods (9.63 ± 0.21 and 9.56 ± 0.22 mm respectively). OFs were observed majorly in the right ovary during the hotter (60.76%) and colder (54.17%) months. Ovulations occurred on the mean days of 1.00 and 1.37 ± 0.18 in GnRH group during hotter (H-Gn) and colder months (C-Gn) respectively. The respective mean days in non-GnRH group were 1.14 ± 0.05 and 1.33 ± 0.08 during hotter (H-O) and colder months (C-O). In H-Gn group all the animals (100%) ovulated on Day 1, when compared to C-Gn animals (62.50%). On perusing the possible effect of RCL on ovulation, significantly increased percentages of ovulations were observed in OFs on the contralateral ovary to the ovary having the RCL in GnRH group and viceversa in non-GnRH group. It could be assumed that GnRH administration on the day of insemination may be beneficial during the hotter months of the year.</p>
Research ArticleCrossbred cattleInseminationGnRHOvulation SeasonSoundarapandian SatheshkumarPrabaharan Yuvan JananiSubramanian PrakshSengodan RajaPonnusamy Jayaganthan Narayanasamy Arunmozhi
Copyright (c) 2023 Soundarapandian Satheshkumar, Prabaharan Yuvan Janani, Subramanian Praksh, Sengodan Raja, Ponnusamy Jayaganthan , Narayanasamy Arunmozhi
2023-12-292023-12-29273010.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.5Dystocia due to Incomplete Cervical Dilatation in Goat and its Non-Surgical Management
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/10720
<p>A four-year-old non-descript doe in her third parity was presented to Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-IVRI with a clinical history of failure to deliver kid even after completion of the gestation period. The doe was showing intermittent straining since 24 hours and visual examination could not detect any genital discharge from the vulva. Per-vaginal examination revealed one finger dilatation (external os) indicating that the dystocia was due to insufficient cervical dilation. The induction treatment was advised along with CMC massaging of cervix for 10 minutes at every 30 minutes interval. After 2 hours following therapy, the cervix was fully dilated and first water bag appeared at vulva. Per-vaginal delivery was performed with gentle traction yielding two live fetuses. The doe was recovered uneventfully and treatment with antibiotics and supportive therapy was advised for three days.</p>
Short CommunicationDystociaGoatIncomplete Cervical DilatationManagementRenu SharmaShashikant GuptaBrijesh Kumar YadavGoutam Kumar DasSujata Jinagal
Copyright (c) 2023 Renu Sharma, Shashikant Gupta, Brijesh Kumar Yadav, Goutam Kumar Das, Sujata Jinagal
2023-12-292023-12-29838510.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.15Uterine Rupture Associated with Uterine Torsion in a Pregnant Bitch
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/10556
<p>Uterine torsion is an unusual and potentially serious problem in pregnant she-dogs. This case study documents the surgical management of uterine rupture associated with uterine torsion in a she-dog presented on the 68<sup>th</sup> day of pregnancy. Upon exploration of abdominal cavity, uterine torsion was observed over the uterine body and just adjacent to uterine torsion, there was rupture of the uterus. Therefore, laparahysterectomy was performed. The post-operative care included broad spectrum antibiotics, anti-histaminics, anti-inflammatory drugs and fluid therapy. The she dog had uneventful recovery.</p>
Short CommunicationBitch Caesarean sectionOvariohysterectomyPregnancyUterine torsionRam Niwas Sujata JinagalAmandeepAnilRavi Dutt
Copyright (c) 2023 Ram Niwas, Sujata Jinagal, Amandeep, Anil, Ravi Dutt
2023-12-292023-12-29939510.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.18Farrowing Induction in Swine with Prostaglandin: Effect on Farrowing Traits and Piglet Performance
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/10448
<p>The variation of gestation length in sows leads to difficulties performing farrowing supervision in commercial farms. The present study determined the efficacy of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2α) administration on induction of farrowing in pig. The sows (n=50) were randomly divided into two groups. In group-1, sows (n=25) were injected with placebo intramuscularly (one mL sterile water) on 113<sup>th</sup> day of gestation at 8.00 am in the morning. In group-2 (n=25), cloprostenol sodium (250 mcg) was injected intramuscularly on 113<sup>th</sup> day of gestation at 8.00 am in the morning. The parameters recorded during the experiment were gestation length, farrowing duration, total number of piglets born per litter (NTB), number of piglets born alive per litter (NBA), number of stillborn per litter, mummified foetuses per litter, birth interval (min), number of piglets alive at day 3 of lactation and piglet mortality (%) till day 3 of lactation. Gestation length was significantly (p<0.05) shorter in Group-2 compared to Group-1. Similarly, the interval from PGF<sub>2α</sub> administration to onset of farrowing was significantly (p<0.05) shorter as compared to natural farrowed sows. Farrowing duration did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between two groups. There was no effect of PGF<sub>2α </sub>administration on NTB, NBA, stillbirths, mummified fetuses. The numbers of alive piglets at day 3 of lactation were also similar between two groups (p>0.05). The PGF<sub>2α</sub> administration also resulted in increased proportion of sows that farrowed on day 114 of gestation. In conclusion, PGF<sub>2α</sub> administration on day 113 of gestation could be an option for controlled farrowing in sow without any adverse effects.</p>
Research ArticleSowProstaglandinFarrowing inductionFarrowing traitsPiglet performanceMahak SinghRongsennangba Talimoa MollierRenphamo Nzanthung PattonRahul KatiyarSourabh DeoriGyan Dev Singh Homeswar KalitaVinay Kumar Mishra
Copyright (c) 2023 Mahak Singh, Rongsennangba Talimoa Mollier, Renphamo Nzanthung Patton, Rahul Katiyar, Sourabh Deori, Gyan Dev Singh, Homeswar Kalita, Vinay Kumar Mishra
2023-12-292023-12-29404510.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.8Clinical Management and Histopathological Findings of Vaginal Myxoma and Fibroma in Female Dogs
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/10329
<p>Five female dogs were presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh with the history of protruded mass from the vagina, suspected for myxomas and fibroma. The animals were anorexic, dull with slightly elevated temperature. Confirmatory diagnosis were made by histopathological examination of these tissues. Two of the she dogs were diagnosed with Vaginal Myxoma and other three were diagnosed with Fibroma. The treatment included surgical removal of protruded mass with follow-up treatment with antibiotics, NSAIDS and multi-mineral and multi-vitamin supplements.</p>
Short CommunicationMyxomaFibromaVaginal tumourFemale dogAtul Kumar VermaRatan GuptaPradeep Kumar VermaShubham KumarNagendra SinghVikas JaiswalJeny K JohnAshutosh TripathiAjit Kumar SinghManish Kumar Shukla
Copyright (c) 2023 Atul Kumar Verma, Ratan Gupta, Pradeep Kumar Verma, Shubham Kumar, Nagendra Singh, Vikas Jaiswal, Jeny K John, Ashutosh Tripathi, Ajit Kumar Singh, Manish Kumar Shukla
2023-12-292023-12-299610010.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.19Efficacy of Ozone and Other Alternative Intrauterine Therapies in Infectious Repeat Breeder Cows.
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9948
<p>The study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Ozone, <em>E. Coli</em> LPS, Autologous plasma, <em>Neem</em> oil, and Lugol’s iodine in 100 infectious repeat breeder cows. The animals were divided in 5 different groups viz. Group-I, Group-II, Group-III, Group-IV and Group-V treated with Ozone @ 55µg/ml in 60ml distilled water, <em>E. Coli LPS</em> @100mcg in 30 ml sterile PBS, Autologous plasma @ 30 ml, <em>Neem</em> oil @ 10µg/ml in 30 ml distilled water, Lugol’s iodine 1:25 in 30ml normal saline, intrauterine route in 20 cases, respectively, Group-V of 20 animals was kept as control. AI was done in recovered cases. On follow up, recovery rate in treatment group were found as 75.00, 80.00, 65.00, 75.00 and 50.00 per cent in groups I to V, respectively. The conception rate was found as 68.42, 73.68, 55.00, 63.15 and 53.33 per cent in cows in Group-I to V, respectively. Pregnancy rate was observed that 65.00, 70.00, 50.00, 60.00 and 40.00 per cent cows from groups I to V, respectively. On conclusion, infectious repeat breeder cows treated with <em>E. Coli LPS </em>showed highest recovery rate, conception rate and pregnancy rate than the other treatment groups in this research study.</p>
Research ArticleIntrauterine repeat breederozoneSawale Abhinay GanpatraoNiteen Manmohanrao Markandeya
Copyright (c) 2023 Sawale Abhinay Ganpatrao, Niteen Manmohanrao Markandeya
2023-12-292023-12-29515410.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.10Postpartum Uterine Prolapse and Vaginal Cystocoele in a Murrah Buffalo
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9804
<p><strong>A pluriparous </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">Murrah </span><strong>buffalo was </strong><strong>presented </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">with </span><strong>vaginal </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">tear </span><strong>over </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">fornix </span><strong>vagina </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">along </span><strong>with </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">post</span><strong>-</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">partum </span><strong>prolapse </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">uterus</span><strong>, </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">cervix </span><strong>and </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">urinary </span><strong>bladder</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><strong>case was </strong><strong>managed by suturing of vaginal </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">wall </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">after repositioning </span><strong>the </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">prolapsed </span><strong>mass</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>The </strong><strong>catheterization </strong><strong>of urinary bladder and </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">modified </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Buhner's </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">sutures through vulvar </span><strong>lips were </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">applied to </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">prevent </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span><strong>recurrence of the condition</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p>
Short CommunicationVaginal tearPostpartum prolapseCatheterizationModified Buhner's suturesRavi DuttRam NiwasSukhbir RavishUsha YadavSujata JinagalMohit Kumar
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-08-212023-08-21666810.48165/ijar.2023.44.01.133Impact of Cysteine as a Semen Additive on Mitigating the Decline in Sperm Quality due to Summer Stress in Riverine Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9797
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The seasonal variations such as temperature, rain and humid environment greatly influences reproduction, and semen quality particularly in buffalo bulls, either positively or negatively. The heat stress coupled with freezing and thawing processes generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further reduce post-thaw spermatozoa quality. Application of cysteine as a semen additive have been reported to alleviate such damaging effect in canine, buck, bull, human, boar, and rooster. Therefore, objective of this study was to investigate ameliorating effect of cysteine on summer stress on buffalo spermatozoa. For the experiment, 24 ejaculates with individual progressive motility >70, volume >1mL and sperm concentration 1000 million/mL from four Murrah buffalo bulls were collected and divided into four groups as Control (Group-I), and Group-II, III, and IV (4, 8, and 12 mmol cysteine, respectively) containing 80 million spermatozoa per mL. Semen was filled (French mini straw), sealed and equilibrated at 40</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">⸰</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">C and frozen into LN</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">2</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. The group containing L-cysteine at 4 mmol concentration had higher significant (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">p</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"><0.05) difference in post thaw motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity, TAC, DNA integrity and lower significant (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">p</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"><0.05) difference in spermatozoa abnormality, LPO and intracellular ROS. Moreover, cysteine concentration at 8 mmol has no beneficial effect compared to the Control, whereas Group-IV had greater adverse effect. This may be due to its toxicity at this concentration. It is evident from the study that the cysteine molecules at 4 mmol concentration produced more pronounced improvement in the freezability potential of buffalo bull spermatozoa. </span></p>
Research ArticleBuffaloCysteineSpermatozoaFree radicalsROSSummerJ ArunpandianNeeraj SrivastavaGyanendra SinghBrijesh KumarAmala JacksonPradeep ChandraSubrato Kumar GhoshSanjay Kumar SinghMeiraj Haider Khan
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-08-212023-08-21324010.48165/ijar.2023.44.01.7Delivery of Dead Foetus by Episiotomy in an Indigenous Cow
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9789
<p>The presented case of dystocia with history of protrusion of ear of foetus outside the vulva of cow was diagnosed by physical examination and successful removal of dead foetus was done per vaginally by episiotomy operation. Foetal membranes were expelled two hours after removal of dead foetus and post operative management was done by antibiotic, analgesic, vitamin B complex, dextrose saline injection and intra uterine ecbolic administration for 05 days. Animal recovered eventually and suture was removed 14 days post conduction of episiotomy operation.</p>
Short CommunicationDystociaEpisiotomyMaternal causesHimanshu Behera Bijay Kumar PatraJayakrushna Das Uppumaguluri Venkata Sai Narayan PrasadMadhusmita Naik
Copyright (c) 2023 Himanshu Behera, Bijay Kumar Patra, Jayakrushna Das, Uppumaguluri Venkata Sai Narayan Prasad, Madhusmita Naik
2023-12-292023-12-2910110610.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.20Management of Post-partum Complete Cervico-uterine Prolapse in Crossbred Jersey Cow
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9739
<p>Post-partum uterine prolapse is a very common obstetrical problem as it affects the future breeding and production of an animal. It generally leads to delay in return to oestrus and subsequently reduction in conception rate and thus increase in the inter calving period of a female animal. In the present case, in a postpartum crossbred cow, replacement and repositioning of the cervix and uterus was done under caudal epidural anaesthesia with the horizontal mattress suture on vulva. The suture was removed after 14 days on complete recovery of the animal.</p>
Short CommunicationCervico uterine prolapseEpidural anaesthesiaRetention sutureAntibioticsHimanshu BeheraBijay Kumar Bhumij Uppumaguluri Venkata Sai Narayan PrasadManoj Kumar BeheraTarinee Ranjan Pradhan
Copyright (c) 2023 Himanshu Behera, Bijay Kumar Bhumij, Uppumaguluri Venkata Sai Narayan Prasad, Manoj Kumar Behera, Tarinee Ranjan Pradhan
2023-12-292023-12-2910911110.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.23Influence of Blood Glucose, Total Protein and Haemoglobin at The Time of Induced Estrus on Conception Rate on Anestrus Crossbred Cows
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9543
<p>The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of blood glucose, total protein and haemoglobin at the time of induced estrus on conception rate in 30 postpartum anestrus crossbred dairy cows. The cows were treated with progesterone intravaginal (CIDR) based estrus induction protocol with double fixed timed inseminations at 12 and 24 h after injection of last GnRH. estrus induction response was 100% with majority of the cows (80%) showed intermediate intensity of estrus. On the day of first AI, blood was collected from all the animals for the estimation of glucose, total protein and haemoglobin. The mean time to onset of estrus from the time of removal of CIDR was 44.85 ± 7.23 h. The overall conception rate in the present study was 30 % (9/30). In the present study, the mean values of glucose, total protein and haemoglobin at the time of estrus were 43.81 ± 1.14 mg/dl, 7.78 ± 0.24 g/dl and 8.68 ± 0.22 g/dl respectively. The mean glucose, total protein and haemoglobin levels in the anestrus cows which were included in the study are lower than the normal range. There is no significant different in the biochemical parameters among the cows showing weak, intermediate and intense intensity of estrus. Similarly, there is no significant difference in the biochemical parameters between the cows that conceived and cows not has not conceived. The findings in the present study clearly indicates that poor nutritional status may be the cause for the anestrus condition of the animal under field conditions.</p>
Research ArticlePostpartum anestrusCrossbred cowsEstrus inductionCIDR Biochemical parametersDhasthageer Abdul SalamKailasam MurugaveMantena Satyanarayana Raju
Copyright (c) 2023 Kailasam Murugave, Dhasthageer Abdul Salam, Mantena Satyanarayana Raju
2023-12-292023-12-29313510.48165/ijar.2023.44.02.6Thoracopagus parasiticus, Hermophrodite Monster in a Gir Cow
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9213
<p>Incidence of monsters in cattle is one in 100,000 bovine births (Roberts, 1971 ). Of interest in this case report is the still<br>birth of Thoracopagus Parasiticus<br>hermophrodite monster with different external and internal anomalies. A seven year old cow (Kaveri, B.No.8 / 88) of the farm in 5th parity was reported to be straining for the last four<br>hours after the. expulsion of first water bag. Rectal examination evealed ventral resentation in ventro-sacral position misleading to the presence of dead twins.<br>The position was corrected per vaginally and the dystocia was relieved with traction<br>and pulling the dead calf.</p>
Research ArticleThoracopagus parasiticusHermophrodite MonsterGir CowP S DALALK S DATTAK S MURTHY
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23858510.48165/Plasma cortisol and blood glucose milieu as an index of stress in buffaloes with uterine torsion
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9212
<p>Uterine torsion is a highly stressful<br>reproductive disorder in buffaloes (Ghuman, 1995; Manju et al, 1985). However, the degree of stress inflicted due to rolling of<br>the dam, employed to detort the uterus has not been evaluated. The dam responds to mild to intense physical stress by releasing<br>glucocorticoids and catecholamins (Axelrod and Reisine, 1984), which may be related synergistically to glucose levels. The present<br>study was therefore, planned to assess the intensity of stress due to number of rolings<br>employed to detort the uterus, by taking into consideration the plasma cortisol and blood glucose milieu as the indices of stress.</p>
Research ArticlePlasma cortisolblood glucose milieuuterine torsionS P S GHUMANR D SHARMAS PRABHAKARA S NANDA
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23838410.48165/Complications of Progesterone Therapy for Threatened Abortion in a Cross Bred Cow
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9211
<p>Abortions are common in bovines under field conditions. Administration of progesterone to prevent abortions is common under field condition. If the foetus<br>is already dead, progesterone administration may lead to complications. This communication reports the expulsion of a<br>dead foetus with PGF2 in progesterone arrested abortion in a cross bred cow.</p>
Research ArticleProgesterone TherapyThreatened AbortionCross Bred CowK MOULI KRISHNAK VENUGOPAL NAIDU
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23828210.48165/Genetic and Phenotypic Association Among Milk Production Traits in Jersey Cattle
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9210
<p>Milk production is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by both genotype and environment. The information on the interrelationship among the milk production traits is scanty. Therefore, the present study<br>was undertaken to know the association among lactation milk yield (LMY), first 305 days milk yield (F305 DMY), Lactation length (LL) and dry period (DP) in Jersey<br>cattle</p>
Research ArticleGenetic and PhenotypicMilk ProductionJersey CattleD K DEOKARB R ULMEK
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23808110.48165/Prepartum Eclampsia in a Tibetan Crossbred Bitch - A case Report
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9209
<p>A primiparous Tibetan crossbred bitch (Tibetan spaniel X Lhasa - Apso) named Julli aged about four years was brought to the Block Veterinary Dispensary with a<br>history of 6 5 days pregnancy and<br>associated complaints of fever, anorexia, restlessness and convulsions. The owner<br>also reported that there were intermittent discharge of clearfluid per-vagina four· daysear lier. The bitch was in eclamptic convulsion and in recumbant state. Twitching of muscles of face, tongue and<br>limbs and stertorous breathing with frothy secretions filling the mouth were noticed. This followed muscular rigidity and<br>occasional tremors. Pupils were dilated. Typical panting with exagerated respiration<br>was predominant. Face seemed to be distorted after few seconds of convulsions. Legs were inverted. Hyperthermia with rectal temperature 104.5°F was recorded. The tongue held protruded on one side and licking movement was absent. Clinical examination r.evealed the enlarged abdomen<br>and engorged mammary gland. Milk<br>appeared in all the teats. Foetal heart sound was not audible. Per abdominal examination revealed no foetal movement. Per vaginal examination revealed closed cervix with soft texture without any straining.</p>
Research ArticlePrepartum EclampsiaTibetan Crossbred BitchD JANAM JANAD CHAKRABORTY
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23808110.48165/Superovulation in Murrah Buffaloes
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9206
<p>Superovulation of buffaloes is a critical<br>factor in the embryo transfer industry.<br>Several gonadotrophins have been used to<br>stimulate follicular development in buffaloes,<br>with large variability in ovulatory response.<br>The present study was done to assess<br>the superovulatory response to pFSH in<br>buffaloes. Nine Murrah buffaloes with a<br>palpable corpus luteum were given<br>intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Luprostiol<br>15mg (Prosolvin, lntervet, Holland) and<br>monitered for the onset of oestrus using<br>a companion bull. Day zero was taken as<br>Day of oestrus.</p>
Research ArticleSuperovulationMurrah BuffaloesA K SINGHK NARAYANA
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23777710.48165/Serological evidence of Brucella and Leptospiral .infection in cases of abortion in bovines
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9205
<p>Abortion is a common condition<br>reported in cows and buffaloes and is known to be responsible for loss of calf, lowered milk production and a subsequent period of infertility, (Arthur, et al., 1989). Abortion<br>is commonly caused by brucella infection, which is prevalent in 95 out 153 countries, (Thim and Wundt, 1976). Laptospirosis has long been known to occur in cattle (Amartredjo and Campbell 1975) and is a common cause of fetal death and abortion, still birth and weak calves. The pregnancy rates also were low due to infection with leptospira hardijo, (Hanson, 1980). This<br>study was undertaken to correlate the history of abortion cases in cows and buffaloes from field with the serological evidence of brucella / leptospira agglutinins.</p>
Research ArticleSerological evidenceBrucellaLeptospiral infectionabortionbovinesS K GUPTA
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23757610.48165/Effect of Freezing on Seminal Characteristics of Jersey, Sahiwal and their Halfbred Bulls
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9204
<p>Various seminal attributes have been creditep with fertility which appear to be affected by freezing process. Therefore, it is needed to observe the relative effect of processing frozen semen on these attributes. Hazards of semen freezing are not sustained<br>alike by sperms of all the bulls as viability and morphology of the spermatozoa depends upon individual bull's resistance . ..<br>The eff~ct of freezing on spermatozoa! motility, live per cent, abnormalities, biometry<br>and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) release was studied in Jersey (J), Sahiwal<br>(S) and ½J ½S bulls semen.</p>
Research ArticleEffect of FreezingSeminal CharacteristicsJerseySahiwalHalfbred BullsS P SINGHR K PANDITH B S BHADORIA
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23737410.48165/Seasonal Variations in Seminal Characteristics of Patanwadi Ram
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9203
<p>A total of 150 ejaculates were collected at weekly intervals during pre-breeding, breeding<br>and post-breedng seasons from six native Patanwadi rams of 2-4 years of age to study the physical seminal characteristics. The mean<br>values for different semen characteristics 'were : Volume of ejeculate 0.96±0.03" ml; pH<br>6.75±0.02; sperm concentration 2735.8±0.04 millions/ ml; dead sperm per cent 8.9±0.02 and<br>abnormal sperm per cent 7.9±0.01. The colour and consistency in most of the samples was either creamy thick ( 48%) or creamy white thick<br>( 42.66%). The percentage of samples having mass activity+++, ++++ and +++++ were 36.66,<br>28.66 and 13.53 per cent, respectively. Season<br>had a significant effect on mass activity, pH, sperm concentration, dead and abnormal sperm percentage.</p>
Research ArticleSeasonal VariationsSeminal CharacteristicsPatanwadi RamS D DABASB N SUTHARF S KAVANI
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23707210.48165/Foot and Mouth Disease vaccination stress on semen quality in Murrah bulls
https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijar/article/view/9202
<p>Foot and Mouth Disease vaccination stress on semen quality in Murrah buffalo bulls as investigated in this study. No significant change<br>was recorded in the semen volume following FMD vaccination. However significant decrease in spermatozoa: concentration, initial motility, live<br>sperm percent and significant increase in the percentage of total spermatozoa! abnormalities<br>were noticed following FMD vaccination. Increased spermatozoa! abnormalities returns to pre-vaccination level significantly on eighth week post-vaccination.</p>
Research ArticleFoot and Mouth Diseasevaccination stresssemen qualityMurrah bullsK MURUGAVELJ RAJASEKARANA SUBRAMANIAN
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-07-232023-07-23676910.48165/