Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens against wilt of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Keywords:
Cumin, wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini, T. harzianum, P. fluorescensAbstract
Efficacy of bioagents like T. harzianum and P. fluorescens alone or with combined inoculation as seed treatment and
soil application along with or without vermicompost were evaluated against wilt of cumin caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.
sp. cumini under field conditions Rabi 2013-14 and 2014-15. Among all the treatments, combined inoculation of T.
harzianum + P. fluorescens as seed treatment (4+4 gm/kg seed) and soil application (2.5+2.5 kg/ha.) along with
vermicompost resulted minimum disease incidence (15.82%) and highest per cent disease control (64.42%) followed by T.
harzianum + P. fluorescens combined application as seed treatment (4+4 gm/kg seed) and soil application (2.5+2.5 kg/ha.)
without vermicompost. These treatments were also found effective on the dry weight of cumin plants. The shoot, root lengths
and cumin seed yield were significantly increased in response to bioagent treatments. Highest shoot, root lengths and seed
yield were also recorded in combined inoculation of bioagent treatments i.e. T. harzianum + P. fluorescens as seed treatment
(4+4 gm/kg seed) and soil application along with vermicompost (2.5+2.5 kg/ha.) closely followed by T. harzianum + P.
fluorescens seed treatment (4+4 gm/kg seed) and soil application (2.5+2.5 kg/ha.) without vermicompost. Whereas, rest of
the treatments were found least effective on shoot, root lengths and seed yield of the cumin.
Downloads
References
Anonymous. (2008). Cutnin profile. Retrieved from www.icexindia.com.
Baker, R., & Paulitz, T.C. (1996). Theoretical basis for microbial interactions leading to biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens. In R. Hall (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Managing Soil-borne Plant Pathogens (pp. 50-79). The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
Chattopadhyay, S.B., & Maiti, S. (1990). Diseases of Betelvine and Spices. ICAR, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, New Delhi, pp. 122-129.
Chawla, N., & Gangopadhyay, S. (2009). Integration of organic amendment and bioagents in suppressing cumin wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini. Indian Phytopathology, 62(2), 209-216.
Cochran, W.G., & Cox, G.M. (1957). Experimental Designs (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deepak, P., Saran, L., & Lal, G. (2008). Control of wilt and blight diseases of cumin through antagonistic fungi under in vitro and field conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 36(2), 91-96.
Dubey, S.C., Suresh, M., & Singh, B. (2007). Evaluation of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris for integrated management of chickpea wilt. Biological Control, 40(1), 118-127.
Duffy, B.K., & Defago, G. (1999). Environmental factors modulating antibiotic and siderophore biosynthesis by Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strains. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(6), 2429-2438.
Fisher, R.A., & Yates, F. (1963). Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, London, pp. 146.
Gangopadhyay, S., & Ram Gopal. (2010). Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. along with farm yard manure for the management of Fusarium wilt of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 19(1&2), 57-60.
Garkoti, A., Kumar, V., & Tripathi, H.S. (2014). Control of wilt disease of lentil through biocontrol agents and organic amendments in Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Environmental Biology, 35, 1067-1070.
Godwin-Egein, M.I., & Arinzae, A.E. (2001). Antagonism between Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht Emend Sny and Hans. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 31(1), 22-30.
Haq, M.I., Ahmed, R., Khan, S.M., & Javed, N. (2001). Use of different strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens alone and in combination to suppress chickpea wilt. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 13(2), 144-150.
Jayalakshmi, S.K., Raju, S., Usha Rani, S., Benagi, V.I., & Sreeramulu, K. (2009). Trichoderma harzianum L1 as a potential source for lytic enzymes and elicitor of defense responses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) against wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 3(1), 44-52.
Karthikeyan, M., Radhika, K., Mathiyazhagan, R., Bhaskaran, R., Samiyappan, R., & Velazhahan, R. (2006). Induction of phenolics and defense-related enzymes in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) roots treated with biocontrol agents. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18(3), 367-377.
Khan, M.A., & Gangopadhyay, S. (2012). Effect of soil-inhabiting antagonistic microflora against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, incitant of wilt in chickpea. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 42(3), 341-346.
King, E.O., Ward, M.K., & Raney, D.E. (1954). Two simple media for the demonstration of Pyocyanin and Fluorescin. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, 301-307.
Mathur, B.L., & Mathur, R.L. (1970). Role of contaminated seed in dissemination of cumin wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini. Rajasthan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(2), 80-82.
Mukhopadhyay, A.N. (1987). Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens by Trichoderma spp. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 17(1), I-X.
Mukhopadhyay, A.N. (1994). Biocontrol of soil-borne fungal plant pathogens—current status, future prospects, and potential limitations. Indian Phytopathology, 47, 119-126.
Prameela, M., Rajeswari, B., Prasad, R.D., & Reddy, D.R.R. (2005). Bioefficacy of antagonists against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami isolates inciting safflower wilt. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 35(2), 272-274.
Prasad, N., & Patel, P.N. (1963). Fusarium wilt of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in Gujarat State, India. Plant Disease Reporter, 41(6), 528-531.
Sree Kumar, B. (1994). Production and export of seed spices with special reference to Rajasthan. Spices India, 7, 6-8.
Ushamalini, C.K., Rajappan, & K. Gangadharan. (1997). Control of Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum by antagonists under field conditions. Plant Disease Research, 12(2), 122-129.
Van Loon, L.C., Bakker, P.A.H.M., & Pieters, C.M.J. (1998). Systemic resistance induced by the rhizosphere bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 36, 453-483.
Vyas, R.K., & Mathur, K. (2002). Distribution of Trichoderma spp. in cumin rhizosphere and their potential in suppression of wilt. Indian Phytopathology, 55(4), 451-457.
Yigit, F., & Dikilitas, M. (2007). Control of Fusarium wilt of tomato by combination of Fluorescent Pseudomonas, Non-pathogen Fusarium and Trichoderma harzianum T-22 in greenhouse conditions. Plant Pathology Journal, 6, 159-163.
