Variation In Vitreous Biochemical Constituent Levels With Lengthening Time Since Death And Correlation With Their Blood Levels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/iijfmt.2023.21.1-2.5Keywords:
Vitreous Humor (VH), Time since death (TSD), Post Mortem Interval (PMI), iochemical constituentsAbstract
The Vitreous Humor (VH) is a transparent, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the eye. It helps maintain the eye’s shape, provides support to the retina, and allows light to pass through to the retina where images are formed. The major function of this fluid is to support the shape of the eye and transmit light to the retina. In this article, the effect of VH and its biochemical constituents since the time of death has been analyzed. This research also demonstrates the changes within biochemical constituents of VH as time increases after the death of a person. Besides that, this research is significantly beneficial for future researchers to evaluate changes in levels of VH after death and correlation with blood levels. Objective: To determine Post Mortem Interval from Potassium (K+) concentration in Vitreous, correlation of biochemical constituents with both eyes, and an additional objective is the correlation of levels of Biochemical Constituents i.e. Na+, K+, Cl-, and Urea in Vitreous and Blood. Material and Method: This study was conducted on the human dead bodies brought for medico-legal autopsy to the mortuary wing of Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Dr. RPGMC, Kangra at Tanda over a length of one year after obtaining informed consent. “Vitreous Humor” samples were collected from both eyes, first from the right eye and then from the left eye after external examination of the dead body at the time of post-mortem examination. Collecting blood directly from the heart and analyzing ocular fluids can be crucial for accurate assessments. For instance, VH is often analyzed in forensic investigations
Downloads
References
potassium correlation with time since death in the post-mortem range from 2 to 110 hours using capillary ion analysis. Med Sci Law. 2011;51(1):20-3.
Sturner WQ. The vitreous humor: post-mortem potassium changes. Lancet. 1963;1:807-8.
James RA, Hoadley PA, Sampson BAgarwal RL, Gupta PC, Bhasin S, Nagar CK. Determination of the time of death by estimating potassium level in the cadaver vitreous humor. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1983;31(5):528-31.
Garg V, Oberoi SS, Gorea RK, Kaur K. Changes in the levels of vitreous potassium with increasing time since death. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2004;26(4):136-9.
Mulla A. Role of vitreous humor biochemistry in forensic pathol ogy. [MS Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2005. Pounder DJ, Carson DO, Johnston K, Orihara Y. Electrolyte concentration differences between left and right vitreous humor samples. J Forensic Sci. 1998;43(3):604-7.
Jaffe FA. Chemical post-mortem changes in the intraocular fluid. J Forensic Sci. 1962;7:231-7.
Madea B, Henssge C, Honig W, Gerbracht A. References for determining the time of death by potassium in vitreous humor. Forensic Sci Int. 1989;40(3):231-43.
Coe JI. Post-mortem chemistries on human vitreous humor. Am J Clin Pathol. 1969;51(6):741-50.
Farmer JG, Benomran F, Watson AA, Harland WA. Magnesium, potassium, sodium and calcium in post-mortem vitreous humor from humans. Forensic Sci Int. 1985;27(1):1-13.
Prasad BK, Choudhary A, Sinha JN. A study of correlation between vitreous potassium level and post mortem interval. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2003;1(2):132-4.
Mohamed SA, Radwan RA, Salama E. Studying histopatholog ical changes in suprarenal gland versus vitreous humor potassium level in estimation of postmortem intervals: experimental study in rabbits. Egypt J Forensic Sci Appl Toxicol. 2020;20(2):61-72.
Savini F, Tartaglia A, Coccia L, Palestini D, D’Ovidio C, De Grazia U, et al. Ethanol determination in post-mortem samples: correlation between blood and vitreous humor concentration. Molecules. 2020;25(12):2724.
Chandrakanth HV, Kanchan T, Balaraj BM, Virupaksha HS, Chandrashekhar TN. Post-mortem vitreous chemistry - An evaluation of sodium, potassium and chloride levels in esti mation of time since death (during the first 36 hours after death). J Forensic Leg Med. 2013;20(4):211-6.
Singh D, Prashad R, Sharma SK, Pandey AN. Double logarithmic, linear relationship between postmortem vitreous sodium/ potassium electrolytes concentration ratio and time since death in subjects of Chandigarh zone of northwest India. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2005;27:159-65.
Bortolotti F, Pascali JP, Davis GG, Smith FP, Brissie RM, Tagliaro F. Study of vitreousG. Determination of post-mortem interval by sampling vitreous humour. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1997;18(2):158-62.
Lange N, Swearer S, Sturner WQ. Human postmortem interval estimation from vitreous potassium: an analysis of original data from six different studies. Forensic Sci Int. 1994;66(2- 3):159-74.
Jashnani KD, Kale SA, Rupani AB. Vitreous humor: biochem ical constituents in estimation of postmortem interval. J Forensic Sci. 2010;55(1):137-52.
Thierauf A, Musshoff F, Madea B. Post-mortem biochemi cal investigations of vitreous humor. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;192(1-3):78-82.
Garg V, Oberoi SS, Gorea RK, Kiranjeet K. Changes in the levels of vitreous potassium with increasing time since death. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2004;26:136-9.
