In-vitro scape and bulb formation in garlic (Allium sativum)

Ashutosh A Murkute

doi:10.48165/

Authors

Ashutosh A Murkute ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar 410 505, Maharashtra, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

Bulbil, Mericlone, Scape

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the important spices crops that required on daily basis in kitchens and cuisines across the world. Scape or flowering stalk induction is highly important for crop improvement as garlic is a vegetatively propagated crop. However, scape formation has not achieved yet by any means. Meristems (0.1- 0.3 mm) of garlic cv. Bhima Purple were cultured in vitro on basal MS medium fortified with 0.1 mgl–1 NAA, 1.0 mgl–1 Kinetin and 3% sucrose (w/v). Proliferated meristems (mericlones) were sub-cultured after 10-15 days. About 55-60 days old cultures were sub-cultured on MS + 1 mgl–1 Kinetin + 6% sucrose in liquid medium for microbulbil induction and maintained till its harvest. Microbulbils were induced on mericlones after about 70-75 days after initial inoculation. In vitro induced bulbils transformed into a small garlic bulb having 2-3 cloves or microbulbils after 110-115 days of initial culturing. Subsequently after 125-130 days the maiden in-vitro scape formation was observed. It showed a ray of light to use this alternative strategy, i.e. in-vitro scape induction to induce flowering stalk in garlic. Also, the successful in-vitro bulb development reported first time herein would give an opportunity of mass production of garlic without managing cumbersome field propagations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

DOGR. 2013. DOGR Vision 2050. Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, p.43.

EtohT. 1986. Fertlity of garlic clones collected in Soviet central Asia. J. Japanese Soc. Hort. Sci. 55: 312-19.

Etoh T and Simon P W. 2002. Diversity, fertility and seed

production of garlic. p. 101-107. In: H.D. Rabinowitch and L. Currah (Eds.). Allium crop science: recent advances. CAB Intl., Wallingford, U.K.

Kamenetsky R and Rabinowitch H D. 2001. Floral development in bolting garlic. Sexual Plant Reprod. 4: 235-41. Kamenetsky R, Shafir I L, Zemah H, Barzilay A and Rabinowitch H D. 2004. Environmental Control of Garlic Growth and Florogenesis. J. American Soc. Hort. Sci. 129: 144-51. King R W, Moritz T, Evans L T, Martin J, Andersen C H, Blundell C, KardailskyI and Chandler P M. 2006. Regulation of Flowering in the Long-Day Grass Loliumtemulentum by Gibberellins and the FLOWERING LOCUS T Gene. Plant. Physiol. 141: 498-507.

Mathew D, Forerb Y, RabinowitchH D and Kamenetsky B R. 2011. Effect of long photoperiod on the reproductive and bulbing processes in garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes. Environ. Exp. Bot. 71: 166-73.

Metwally E I, El-Denary M E, Omar A M K, Naidoo Y and Dewir Y H. 2012. Bulb and vegetative characteristics of garlic (Allium sativum L.) from in vitro culture through acclimatization and field production. African J. Agric. Res. 7: 5792-95.

Murashige T and Skoog F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-97.

Murkute A A and Gawande S J. 2018. Production of virus free planting material through meristem culture in short day garlic cultivars Bhima Omkar and Bhima Purple. J. Environ. Biol. 39: 286-90.

Sopha G A, Widodo W D, Poerwanto R and Palupi E R. 2014. Photoperiod and gibberellins effect on true shallot seed formation. AAB Bioflux 6: 70-76.

Takagi H. 1990. Garlic Allium sativum L. p. 109-146. In: Onions and allied crops. Rabinowitch H D and Brewster J L. (Eds). 3. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.