Production and Stability Studies of the Biosurfactant Isolated from Alkaliphilic Bacterium SJS1

Abstract

Background: Mostly oil spills occurs in sea ocean and coastal  areas, required the best candidate for the degradation of  hydrocarbons such as chemical surfactant and synthetic  chemicals to minimize such oil spills are primarily effective  strategies with environmental risk so the aims of these studies  the isolation and characterization of a alkaline and halotolerant  bacteria which was isolated from Lonar Crater and able to utilize  different oil as carbon source and produces biosurfactant.  Methodology: In present investigation was to determine  surfactant substance producing bacterium of Lonar Lake using  minimal salt medium with various oil as a carbon sources.  Biosurfactant-producing microorganisms were isolated and  screening was done on the basis of Drop collapse test, Oil spread  and emulsification index. Result: A total of six bacteria were isolated from the water and  sediment samples collected from the of Lonar crater, India. Out  of them SJS1was selected for production and, partial  characterizations of biosurfactant. A Gram negative bacterium  was studied by morphological, physiological and biochemical  characterization. The bacterium SJS1 grew in medium containing  sodium chloride (NaCl w/v) from 0.5 to 7% and at pH 7–12. The  production of a biosurfactant by Bacteria SJS1 was studied to  evaluate the influence of the concentration of different oil. SJS1  was able to grow at high salinity conditions and produce  biosurfactants. The organism grew and produced biosurfactant  when cultured in salinities up to 3 g l-1and temperatures up to  60°C. The biosurfactant was highly stable over broad  temperature, pH and NaCl, showing excellent thermostablity,  and haloalkaline tolerant nature. The biosurfactant produced by  the organism emulsified a range of oil with as Ground nut and  Coconut oil best substrate whereas Sesame oil was the poorest.  Interpretation: This is valuable information for biosurfactant  production and optimization has bright future towards the  improvement and production of novel biosurfactant for entirely  new areas of environmental and biotechnological applications.  The results confirmed, their enhancing capability on both  efficiency and rate of hydrocarbon degradation from water and  soil.