Effect of Molasses on the Growth of Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Dicotyledonae: Malvaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/Keywords:
Vegetables, Okra, Ladies’ finger, Abelmoschus esculentus, Molasses, Organic fertilizer, Plant growth, Sustainable agricultureAbstract
Vegetables are important for health due to their contents as minerals, antioxidant, vitamins, phytochemicals and dietary fiber. All these substances are related to lower the risks for development of health problems. The use of chemical fertilizers affected both soil health and crop productivity in the long term. An experiment was conducted for the assessment of molasses effect on okra (ladies’ finger) under natural environment at the Botanical Garden of Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala (Haryana). During investigation all the attributes for growth stages of plants as per molasses treatment and control groups were observed. The treatment of molasses concentrations viz. 5%, 3% and 1% to response of plant growth was recorded after standard post sowing interval and compared with the control group as well. The present work revealed the better plant growth and yields of okra in soil blended with molasses as organic fertilizer than the field without molasses. Therefore, authors wish to recommend the molasses as profound organic fertilizer for eco-friendly farming and sustainable agriculture.
References
Abo-Baker, A.A. (2017). Successive application impact of some organic amendments combined with acid producing bacteria on soil properties, NPK availability and uptake by some plants. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 2394–2413.
Aggarwal, D., Upadhyay, S.K., Singh, R., Sehrawat, N., Yadav, M., Singh, M. and Kumar, V. (2020). Tissue culture propagation of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell: An important medicinal plant. Advances in Bioresearch, 11(5), 97– 103.
Aggarwal, D., Upadhyay, Sushil K., Singh, R. and Tuli, H.S. (2021). Recent patents on therapeutic activities of xanthohumol: A prenylated chalconoid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst, 10(1),, 37–49.
Barnes, A.C. (1954). Agriculture of sugarcane. Leonard Hill Ltd., London. 5. Benchasr, S. (2012). Okra (Abelmoschus
esculentus (L.) Moench) as a valuable vegetable of the World. Ratarstvoi Povrtarstvo, 49, 105–112.
Carney, J. and Richard, N.R. (2009). The shadow of slavery: African’s botanical legacy in the atlantic world. University of Califonia Press, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Chowdhury, N., Jamaly, S., Farjana, F., Begum, N. and Zenat, E. (2019). A review on ethnomedicinal, pharmacological, phytochemical and pharmaceutical profile of lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) plant. Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 10, 94–108.
Das, S., Nandi, G. and Ghosh, L.K. (2019). Okra and its various applications in drug delivery, food technology, health care and pharmacological aspects - A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Research, 11(6), 2139–2147.
Devi, A., Dahiya, V.S., Upadhyay, S.K. and Singh, R. (2020). Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents present in Syzium cumini (L) seed, leaves and bark extract. Plant Archives, 20(2), 7787–7790.
Dhaliwal, M.S. (2010). Okrra (Abelmoschus esculentus) L (Moench). In: Handbook of vegetable crops, 3rd edition. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
Dhar, N.R. (1934). Molasses and press mud in alkali land reclamation. Journal of Indian Chemical Society, 2, 105–111.
Doharey, V., Kumar, M., Upadhyay, S.K., Singh, R. and Kumari, B. (2021). Pharmacognostical, physicochemical and pharmaceutical paradigm of ash gourd, Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) fruit. Plant Archives, 21(1), 249–252.
Durazzo, A., Lucarini, M., Novellino, E., Souto, E.B., Daliu, P. and Santini, A. (2019). Abelmoschus esculentus (L.): Bioactive components’ beneficial properties focused on antidiabetic role for sustainable health applications. Molecules, 24, 38–50.
Habtamu, F., Ratta, N., Haki, G.D., Woldegiorgis, A.Z. and Beyene, F. (2014). Nutritional quality and health benefits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A review. Journal of Food Science and Quality Management, 33, 87–96.
Hossen, M.A., Jahan, I., Mamun, M.A.M., Sakir, J.A.M.S., Shamimuzzaman, M., Uddi, M.J. and Haque, M.E. (2013). CNS depressant and analgesic activities of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.). Molecular
and Clinical Pharmacology, 4, 44–52. 16. Khan, H.R. (2006). Assessment of SPWAC (Soil-Plant-Water-Air continuum) quality within and around Dhaka city. Report submitted to the Director of the Centre for Advanced Studies and Research in Biotechnological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Kumar, A., Singh, R., Upadhyay, S.K., Kumar, S. and Charaya, M.U. (2021). Biosorption: The removal of toxic dyes from industrial effluent using phytobiomass- A review. Plant Archives, 21(1sp), 1320–1325.
Kumar, D.S., Tony, D.E., Kumar, A.P., Kumar, K.A., Rao, D.B.S. and Nadendla, R. (2013). A review on Abelmoschus esculentus (okra). International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Applied Science, 3, 129–132.
Maganha, E.G., Halmenschlager, R.C., Rosa, R.M., Henriques, J.A.P., Ramos, A.L.P. and Saffi, J. (2010). Pharmacological evidences for the extracts and secondary metabolites from plants of the genus Hibiscus. Food Chemistry, 118, 1–10.
Mairuae, N., Connor, J.R., Lee, S.Y., Cheepsunthorn, P. and Tongjaroenbuangam, W. (2015). The effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.) on the cellular events associated with Alzheimer’s disease in a stably expressed HFE neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Neuroscience Letters, 603, 6–11.
Manee, S. and Kaewsrichan, J. (2017). Cosmeceutical benefit of Abelmoschus esculentus L. seed extract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 19(6): 1–11.
Messing, J., Thole, C., Niehues, M., Shevtsova, A., Glocker, E., Boren, T. and Hensel, A. (2014). Antiadhesive properties of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) immature fruit extract against Helicobacter pylori adhesion. PLoS ONE, 9, e84836.
Mihretu, Y., Wayessa, G. and Adugna, D. (2014). Multivariate analysis among Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) collection in South Western Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Science, 9, 43–50.
Monte, L.G., Santi-Gadelha, T., Reis, L.B., Braganhol, E., Prietsch, R.F., Dellagostin, O.A., E Lacerda, R.R., Gadelha, C.A., Conceição, F.R. and Pinto, L.S. (2014). Lectin of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) promotes selective antitumor effects in
human breast cancer cells. Biotechnology Letters, 36, 461–469.
Moyin-Jesu, E.I. (2007). Use of plant residues for improving soil fertility, pod nutrients, root growth and pod weight of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Bioresearch Technology, 98, 2057–2064.
Nennah, M.G. and Kebbia, T.E. (1983). Redistribution of liquid water effluents by irrigation to orchads and farms. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 5: 241–254.
Olbrich, H. (1963). The molasses. Principles of Sugar Technology, 3, 511–697.
Pandey, A., Jaiswar, S.P., Ansari, N.G., Deo, S., Sankhwar, P., Pant, S. and Upadhyay, S.K. (2020). Pesticide risk and recurrent pregnancy loss in females of subhumid region of India. Nigerian Medical Journal, 61(2), 55–59.
Pyakurel, A., Dahal, B.R. and Rijal, S. (2019). Effect of molasses and organic fertilizer in soil fertility and yield of spinach in Khotang, Nepal. International Journal of Applied Science and Biotechnology, 7(1), 49–53.
Rani, R. and Srivastava, M.M. (1990). Eco physiological response of Pisum sativum and Citrus maxima to distillery effluents. International Journal of Ecology Environmental Science, pp: 16(2-3), 125– 132.
Rouillard, G. (1954). Annual report. Mauritus Sugar Industry, Mauritus. 32. Roy, A., Shrivastava, S.L. and Mandal, S.M. (2014). Functional properties of okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench): Traditional claims and scientific evidences. Plant Science Today, 1, 121– 130.
Samavat, S. and Samavat, S. (2014). Effects of fulvic acid and sugarcane molasses on yeild and qualities of tomato. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 8(3), 266–268.
Schenck, S. (2001). Molasses soil amendment for crop improvements and nematode management. Hawaii Agriculture Research centre, Hawaii.
Sehrawat, N., Yadav, M., Kumar, S. Upadhyay, S.K., Singh M. and Sharma, A.K. (2020). Review on health promoting biological activities of mungbean: A potent functional food of medicinal importance. Plant Archives, 20(2 Spl), 2969–2975.
Shammi, S.J., Islam, R., Zaman, A.U., Majumder, R. and Alam, B. (2014). Comparative pharmacological studies of Abelmoschuse sculentus Linn. fruits and seeds. Global Journal of Pharmacology, 8, 98–106.
Singh R., Upadhyay S.K., Rani A., Kumar P., Kumar A. and Sharma P. (2019). Ethanobotanical study of Subhartipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. I. Diversity and pharmacological significance of trees. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11(4), 782–794.
Singh, R., Upadhyay, S.K., Rani, A., Kumar, P., Sharma, P., Sharma, I., Singh, C., Chauhan, N. and Kumar, M. (2020a). Ethnobotanical study of weed flora at district Ambala, Haryana, India: Comprehensive medicinal and pharmacological aspects of plant resources. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(Spl.)1, 1941– 1956.
Singh R., Upadhyay S.K., Rani A., Kumar P. and Kumar A. (2020b). Ethanobotanical study of Subhartipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. II. Diversity and pharmacological significance of shrubs and climbers. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(2), 383–393.
Singh, R., Upadhyay, S. K., Tuli, H.S., Singh, M., Kumar, V., Yadav, M., Aggarwal, D. and Kumar, S. (2020c). Ethnobotany and herbal medicine: Some local plants with anticancer activity.
Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences Botany, 39B(1), 57–64.
Singh, C., Chauhan, N., Upadhyay, S.K. and Singh, R. (2020d). Phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological study of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (Maidenhair fern). Plant Archives, 20(2), 3391–3398.
Singh, R., Upadhyay, S.K., Sharma, I., Kamboj, P., Rani, A. and Kumar, P. (2020e). Assessment of enzymatic potential of soil fungi to improve soil quality and fertility. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences, 9(2), 163–168.
Singh, R., Upadhyay, S.K., Singh, M., Sharma, I., Sharma, P., Kamboj, P., Saini, A., Voraha, R., Sharma, A.K., Upadhyay, T.K. and Khan, F. (2021a). Chitin, chitinases and chitin derivatives in biopharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental perspective. Biointerface
Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(3), 9985–10005.
Singh, R., Upadhyay, S.K., Upadhyay, T.K., Singh, B.J., Rani, A. and Singh, C. (2021b). Association analysis among fungi colonizing wheat crop residues during decomposition for sustainable and environment-friendly management of renewable natural resources. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(5), 13754–13764.
Solomon, S., Muruganantham, N. and Senthamilselvi, M. (2016). Anticancer activity of Abelmoschus esculentus (flower) against human liver cancer. International Journal of Pharmacology and Biological Science, 6, 154–157.
Somashekar, R.K., Gowda, M.T.G., Shettigar, S.L.N. ands rinath, K.P. (1984). Effect of industrial effluents on crop plants. Indian Journal of Environmental Heath, 26(2), 136–146.
Thakare, P.B., Chaudhary, M.D., and Pokal, W.K. (2013). Physico-chemical characterisation of molasses and its effects on the growth of Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady’s Finger). World Applied Sciences Journal, 21(6), 869–872.
Upadhyay, S.K. (2019). Effect of pesticides exposure on human health and reproductive life. Journal of Complement Medicine and Alternative Healthcare,
(2), 555782(p1–3).
Vayssade, M., Sengkhamparn, N., Verhoef, R., Delaigue, C., Goundiam, O., Vigneron, P., Voragen, A.G.J., Schols, H.A. and Nagel, M.D. (2010). Antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions of okra pectin on B16F10 melanoma cells. Phytotherapy Research, 24, 982–989.
Vindika, S., Kuruwitaarachchige, D., Inoka, U., Sirimal, P. and Jayantha, W. (2018). Cardio protective activity of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra). International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 3, 39–43.
Vitosh, M.L. (1996). N-P-K fertilizers. Michigan State University Extension Bulletin, E-896, 1–6.
Ware, M. (2019). Benefits and uses of okra. www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/31 1977.php (Accessed on: 19.05.2021)
Wynne, A.T. and Meyer, J.H. (2002). An economic assesment of using molasses and condensed molasses solids as a fertilizer in South African sugar industry.
South African Sugar Association Experiment Station, Mount Edgecombo. 54. Xia, F., Zhong, Y., Li, M., Chang, Q., Liao, Y., Liu, X. and Pan, R. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-fatigue constituents of okra. Nutrients, 7, 8846–8858.
Yadav, M., Sehrawat, N., Singh, M., Upadhyay, S.K., Aggarwal, D. and Sharma, A.K. (2020). Cardioprotective and hepatoprotective potential of citrus flavonoid naringin: Current status and future perspectives for health benefits. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences, 9(1), 1–5.
Yadav, M., Sehrawat, N., Upadhyay, S.K., and Kumar, S. (2021). Emerging renoprotective role of citrus flavonoid naringin: Current pharmaceutical status and future perspectives. Current Pharmacology Reports, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-021-
-z7.
Zhang, L., Yan, C., Guo, Q., Zhang, J. and Ruiz-Menjiver, J. (2018). The impact of agricultural chemical inputs on environment: global evidence from informatrics analysis and visualization. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 13(4), 338–352
