Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Brassica juncea Leaves against Different Strains of Bacteria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/Keywords:
Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Brassica juncea, Extracts, PhytochemicalsAbstract
A large number of plants possess medicinal properties due to which they are used as therapeutic agents or an active ingredient of a medicinal preparation. A sizeable fraction of the population throughout the world depends on traditional practices to fight against various infections and diseases and nearly all of it involves the use of plant extracts gathered from a vast diversity of plants which may include Herbs, Shrubs, Trees, Climbers or Creepers. In the present work, we have attempted to study different characteristics of Brassica juncea leaves in different solvents including ethanol, methanol and distilled water, to understand its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Brassica juncea comes under the family Cruciferae and genus Brassica, is an important Rabi season oilseed crop. Various tests were carried out to estimate phytochemicals like tannins, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, amino acids, steroids, anthroquinones, and saponins. Methanol extract of plant leaves were came out to be abundant in phenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of B. juncea was determined by DPPH scavenging activity and it is revealed that methanol extract of this plant leaves possess maximum antioxidant activity. Antibacterial potential of plant leaves extracts were determined in vitro by the help of agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. Results were also compared with control (Piperacillin/Tazobactam). All the extracts of B. juncea leaves showed appreciable antibacterial activity.
References
Abbaoui B, Lucas C R, Riedl K M, Clinton S K and Mortazavi A, (2018). Cruciferous vegetables, Isothiocyanates and Bladder cancer prevention, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62 (18), 1-32.
Abew B, Sahile S and Moges F, (2014). In vitro antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Zehneria scabra and Ricinus communis against Escherichia coli and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 4(10), 816-820.
Alqasoumi S, (2010). Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity: protective effect of ‘Rocket’ Eruca sativa L in rats, American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 38(1), 75-88.
Dewanto V, Wu X, Adom K K and Liu R H, (2002). Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
, 50, 3010-3014.
Dimo T, Nguelefack T B, Kamtchouing P, Dongo E, Rakotonirina A and Rakotonirina S V, (1999). Hypersensitive effects of a methanol extract of Biodens pilosa linn on hypertensive rats, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 322, 323- 329.
Djeussi D E, Noumedem J A, Seukep J A, Fankam A G, Voukeng I K, Tankeo S B, Nkeute A H and Kuete V, (2013). Antibacterial activities of selected edible plants extracts against multidrug-resistant gram negative bacteria, BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 13,164.
Dutta B K and Dutta P K, (2005). Potential of ethnobotanical studies in North East India: An overview, Indian journal of traditional knowledge, 4, 7- 14.
Harborne J B, (1998). Textbook of Phytochemical Methods. A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis, 5th Edition, Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 21-72.
Ishida M, Hara M, Fukino N, Kakizaki T and Morimitsu Y, (2014). Glucosinolate metabolism, functionality and breeding for the improvement of Brassicaceae vegetables, Breeding Science, 64, 48- 59.
Kokate C K, (2001). Pharmacohnosy, 16th (ed), Nirali Prakasham, Mumbai, India.
Kumar V, Thakur A K, Barothia N D and Chatterjee S S, (2011). Therapeutic potentials of Brassica juncea: an overview, Cellmed, 1(1), 2.1-2.16.
Molyneux P, (2004). The use of the stable free radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity,
Journal of Science & Technology, 26, 211-219.
Nascimento Gislene G F, Locatelli Juliana, Freitas Paulo C and Silva Giuliana L, (2000). Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 31(4), 247-256.
Navarro S L, Li F and Lampe J W, (2011). Mechanisms of action of isothiocyanates in cancer chemopreventation: An update, Food & function, 2, 579-587.
Nguelefack-Mbungo P E, Nguelefack T B, Dongmo A B, Afkir S, Azebaze A G B, Dimo T, Leyssyer A, Kamanyi A and Ziyyat A, (2008). Anti hypersensitive effects of the
methanol/ methylene chloride stem bark extract of Mammea Africana in L NAME induced hypersensitive rats, Journal of Etnopharmacology, 117, 446-450.
Radulonic N S, Blagojenic P D, Stojanovic-radic Z Z and Stojanovic N M. (2013). Antimicrobial plant metabolites: structural diversity and mechanism of action, Current medicinal chemistry, 20, 932-952.
Singleton V L, Orthofer R and Lamuela-Raventos R M, (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other
oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, Methods of Enzymology, 299, 152-178.
Sivasankaridin T, Rajan S A, Maina C C and Suvarna V C, (2013). Antimicrobial activity of some important edible leaf extracts, Insight Microbiology, 3, 15-18.
Sukanpak A and Panichayupakaranantt P, (2012). Antibacterial activity of Thai edible plants against gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria and isolation of a new broad spectrum antibacterial polyisoprenylated benzophenone chamagone, Food chemistry, 130, 826-
Taid T C, Rajkhowa R C and Kalita J C, (2014). A study on the medicinal plants used by the local traditional healers of Dhemaji district, Assam, India for curing reproductive health related disorders, Pelagia research library, 5(1), 296-301.
Tan J B and Lim Y Y, (2015). Critical analysis of current methods for assessing the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of plant extracts,
Food Chemistry, 1(172), 814-22.
Tiwari B K, Abidi A B, Rizvi S I and Pandey K B, (2016). Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant potentials of some Indian edible plants and their composite extract, Annals of Phytomedicine, 5(1), 99-103.
Tiwari B K, Abidi A B, Rizvi S I and Pandey K B, (2018). Effect of oral supplementation of composite leaf extract of medicinal plants on biomarkers of oxidative stress in induced diabetic Wistar rats, Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 124
(4), 361-366.
Tungmunnithum D, Thongboonyou A, Pholboon A and Yangsabai A, (2018). Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical and Medical Aspects: An Overview, Medicines (Basel, Switzerland), 5(3), 93.
Valderrama J A, Benitis J, Cortes M, Pessoa-Mahana H, Prina E and Fournet A, (2003). Studies on Quinones: synthesis and leishmanicidal activity of sequiterpene 1,4-Quinones, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 11(22), 4713-8.
Oraon V, Fatma R, Beck N K, Rani L and Kumar J, (2020). Comparative Study on Antibiogram and Phytochemical Analysis in Extraction of Ocimum sanctum, Murraya koenigii, Mentha piperita and Coriandrum sativum, against various
Pathogens. Journal of Scientific Research, 64 (2), 201-207.
Zheng T, Shu G, Yang Z, Mo S, Zhao Y and Mei Z, (2012). Antidiabetic effects of total saponin from Entada phaseoloides Merr. in type 2 diabetic rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139(3), 814-821.
