Animal Farms and Ethics: A View of Rights Theory

Authors

  • Kemi Anthony Emina Department of Religious Studies and Philosophy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
  • Gregory Ajima Onah Department of Religious and Cultural Studies University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1117 Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria, West Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

Animals, Rights Theory, Ethics, Agriculture

Abstract

Many animals suffer terribly under intensive farming  that existence is simply of no benefit to them. Animals  have a moral right not to be raised when their other  rights will inevitably be violated. This paper applied  the rights theory to the question of farm animals and  argues that animals have a moral right not to be killed  and not to be made to suffer by agricultural practices,  but have no moral right not to be used in farming at  all. This paper argues that there is nothing inherently  wrong with modifying animals for human ends,  however, not all modifications are permissible. For  example, modifying animals to be kill and modifying  them to suffer is wrong. Those modifications that lead  to animals possessing worthwhile lives but with  insufficient opportunities for well-being are also  impermissible. This paper implies a call to end to  intensive farming methods which are not animal  friendly, and an end to raising animals for just their  meat. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alward, P (2000). The Nai've Argument against Moral Vegetarianism. Environmental Values, 9(1).

Bala, A., Uchin, M., Anzaku, S., Gokir, I., &Gukut, M. (2015). Detection of Cadmium (Cd) Residues in Kidney and Liver of Slaughtered Pigs at Sabo-Wakama Market of Akun Development Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Livestock Research, 5(12), 38. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20151202085457

Benatar, D. (2001). Why the naïve argument against moral vegetarianism reallyis naïve. Environmental Values, 10(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.3197/096327101129340769 4. Dale J. (1990). Rights, Justice, and Duties to Provide Assistance: A Critique of Regan’s Theory of Rights, Ethics, 100(1).

Davis, S. L. (2003). The least harm principle may require that humans consume a diet containing large herbivores, not a vegan diet. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 16(4), 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025638030686

Dooley, A. E., Smeaton, D., & McDermott, A. (2005). A model of the New Zealand beef value chain. MODSIM05 - International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Advances and Applications for Management and Decision Making, Proceedings, 190–195.

Fox, M. (1990). Transgenic Animals: Ethical and Animal Welfare Concerns, London: Pluto Press.

Getmantseva, L. V., Bakoev, N. F., Kostyunina, O. V., &Bakoyev, S. Y. (2019). Effects of the growth hormone gene genotypes on the traits of pig’s productive longevity. Bulletin of Agrarian Science, 5(80), 63–66. https://doi.org/10.15217/issn2587-666x.2019.5.63

Gillon, R. (2003). Ethics needs principles - Four can encompass the rest - And respect for autonomy should be “first among equals.” Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(5), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.29.5.307

Hobman, J. L. (2007). Molecular techniques for the study of toxic metal resistance mechanisms in bacteria. In Manual of environmental microbiology (Vol. 3rd, p. 1293).

Matheny, G. (2003). Least Harm: A Defense of Vegetarianism from Steven Davis’s Omnivorous Proposal. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 16(5).

McGreevy, P. (2004). Equine behavior: A guide for veterinarians and equine scientist. In Equine Behavior: A Guide for Veterinarians and Equine Scientist. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0- 7020-2634-8.X5001-1

Poskin, A., Van Campe, W., Mostin, L., Cay, B., & De Regge, N. (2014). Experimental Schmallenberg virus infection of pigs. Veterinary Microbiology, 170(3-4), 398–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.026

Reiss, J., Roger S. (1996). Improving Nature? The Science and Ethics of Genetic Engineering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rollin, B. E. (1995).The Frankenstein Syndrome: Ethical and Social Issues in the Genetic Engineering of Animals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rollin, B. E. (2009). Ethics and Research on Human Beings. In Science and Ethics (pp. 66–98). https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511617218.005

Rollin, B. E. (2011). Animal rights as a mainstream phenomenon. Animals, 1(1), 102–115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani1010102

Tuyttens, F. A. M. (2005). The importance of straw for pig and cattle welfare: A review. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 92(3), 261–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2005.05.007

Ogar, J. N., Emina, K. A.,

&Bassey, S. A. (2020). An Ethical Overview of Animal Welfare and the Use of Antibiotics. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 39a(1).

Akpan, C. O., Ogar, J. N., &Bassey, S. A. (2020). Examining the Ethics of Research in Animal Experimentation. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 39a(1).

Bassey, S. A., (2020), Technology, Environmental Sustainability and the Ethics of Anthropoholism. Przestrzeń Społeczna, 1(19).

Published

2020-11-15

How to Cite

Animal Farms and Ethics: A View of Rights Theory . (2020). Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Zoology , 39(2), 367–378. https://doi.org/10.48165/