Macrophyte Diversity and Their Uses with Special Reference to Freshwater Wetland Ecosystem BarbilaBeel of Nalbari District, Assam, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/Keywords:
Beel, Macrophyte, Diversity, Uses, ConservationAbstract
The present study deals with the documentation of macrophyte diversity of Barbilabeel, located in the district of Nalbari, Assam. We recorded total 41 species belonging to 25 families, out of which 5 species were free floating, 14 species were rooted emergent with floating leaves, 4 species were rooted submerged and 18 species were marshy marginal. The study on the use pattern of variety of macrophytes of Barbilabeel revealed that 4 species are used as natural fertilizer, 4 species are used as cattle feed, 2 species are used as fish feed, 14 species are used as vegetables and fruits, 17 species are used as medicines, three species are used for religious purposes and other 6 species are used for household activities. During the study period it was seen that the Barbilabeel is facing tremendous anthropogenic as well as natural pressures. Hence, it is essential to aware the local people for conservation of the beel that supports diversified macrophytic growth as well as the sustainable use of bioresources of Barbilabeel.
Downloads
References
Acharjee B. (1997). Ecological status and productivity potential of some beels in lower Brahmaputra basin, Assam. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Gauhati University.
Agostinho A.A, Gomes L.C, Thomaz S.M, Hahn N.A. (2004). The Upper Parana River and its flood plain: main characteristics and perspectives for management and conservation, In: The Upper Parna River and its Flood plain: Physical Aspects, ecology and conservation (Eds S.M. Thomaz, A.A., Agostinho and N.S. Hahn); 381-393. Backhuys, Leiden.
Amorim S.R, Umetsu C.A, Camargo A.F.M. (2015). Effects of a non-native species of poaceae on aquatic macrophyte community composition: a comparison with a native species. J. of Aquatic Plant Management, 53, 191-196.
BamideleJ.F,Nyamali B. (2008). Ecological studies of the Ossiomoriver with reference to the macrophytic vegetation. Res. J. Bot. 3(1), 29-34.
Barthakur A. (2014). Ecology of MonohaBeel of Morigaon, Assam with reference to its fish and fisheries. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Gauhati University.
Basu B.K, Kalff J.K, Alloul B.P. (2000). The influence of macrophyte beds on plankton communities and their export from fluvial lakes in the St. Lawrence River.Fresh Water Biology. 45, 373-382.
Bhuyan K.C. (2011). Ecology of DeobaliJalah and Sondobabeel of Morigaon, Assam. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Gauhati University.
Bornette G, Amoros C, Lamouroux N. (1998). Aquatic plant diversity in reverine wetlands: the role of connectivity. Fresh. Biol. 39, 267-283.
Raunkaier C. (1994). The life form of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford. Claredon Press.
Crooks J.A. (2002) Characterizing ecosystem level consequences of biological invansions: the role of ecosystem engineers. Oikos. 97, 153-166.
Crowder L.B, Cooper W.E. (1982). Habitat structural complexity and the interaction between bluegills and their prey. Ecology. 63, 1802-1813.
Deka U, Sarma S.K. (2014). Present status of aquatic 1982; macrophytes of the wetlands of Nalbari district of Assam, India. Asian J. of Plant Sc. and Res. 4(3), 67-75.
Denny P. (1985). Wetland vegetation and associated plant life forms. In: The Ecology and Management of African Wetland Vegetation. P. Denny (ed). Dr. Junk Publishers, 1-18.
Dibble E.D, Harrel S.L. (1997). Largemouth diet in two aquatic plant communities. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 35, 74-78.
Douglas M.M, O’connor, R.A. (2003). Effects of the exotic macrophyte, para grass (urocholamutica), on benthic and epiphytic macroinvertebrates of a tropical flood plain. Fresh Water Biol. 48(6), 962-
Ghosh S.K. (2005). Illustrated Aquatic and Wetland Plants in Harmony with mankind. Publ. Standard Literature, Kolkata.
Goswami M.M. (1985). Limnological investigation of tectonic lakes of Assam and their bearing on fish production. Ph. D. Thesis, Gauhati University.
Grenouillet G, Pont D, Seip K.L. (2002). Abundance and species richness as a function of food resources and vegetation structure: Juvenile fish assemblages in rivers. Ecography. 25, 641-650.
Haynes R.R. (1984). Techniques for Collecting Aquatic and Marsh Plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 71, 229- 231.
Heeggard E, Briks H.H, Gibson C.E, Smith S.J, Wolfe-Murphy S. (2001). Species environment relationship of aquatic macrophytes in Northern Ireland. Aquatic Bot. 70, 175-223.
Huang D.J, Chen H.J, Lin C.D, Lin Y.H. (2005). Antioxidant and Antiproliferative. Activities of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) constituents. Botanical Bulletin of Academic Sinica. 46, 99-106.
Hudon C. (2004). Shift in wetland plant composition and biomass following low level episodes in the St. Lawerence River. Looking into the future. Can.J. Fish. Aquat. Sci . 61, 603-617.
Hurlbert S.H (1972). The Nonconcept of Species Diversity: A Critique and Alternative Parameters. Ecology. 52, 577-586.
James C.S, Fisher J, Russel V and Collings S. (2005). Nitrate availability and hydrophyte species richness in shallow lakes. Freshwater Biology. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-
2005.01375.x
Jeppesen E, Sondergaard M.A, Sondergaard M.O, Cristoffersen K. (1998). The structuring role of submerged macrophytes in lakes. Springer. New York.
Junk W. J, Bayley P.B, Sparks R.E. (1989). The flood pulse concept in river floodplain systems. In: Proc. Intern. Large River Symp.(LARS) (ed. D. P. Dodge). Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 106, 110- 27.
Kadono Y. (1982). Occurrence of aquatic macrophytes in relation to pH, alkalinity, ����++, ����− and conductivity. Jap. J. Ecol. 32, 39-44.
Kelly M.G, Whitton B.A. (1998). Biological monitoring of entrophication in rivers, Hydrobiologia. 384, 55-67.
Korner S. (2001). Development of submerged macrophytes in shallow lakeMuggelsee (Berlin, Germany) before and after its switch to the phytoplankton dominated state, Arch. Hydrobiol. 152, 395-409.
Lahon B. (1983). Limnology and Fisheries of Some Commercial beels of Assam, India. Ph. D. Thesis; Gauhati University.
Leslie A.J, Nall J.M, Van D. (1983). Effects of vegetation control by grass carp on selected water quality variables in four Florida lakes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 112, 777-787.
Mandal R.N, Saha G.S, Sarangi N. (2010). Harvest and Processing of Makhana (Euryale ferox) – A unique Assemblage of Traditional Knowledge. Ind. J. of Trad. Knowl. 9(4), 684-688.
Meena T, Rout J. (2016). Macrophytes and their ecosystem services from natural
ponds in Cachar district, Assam, India. Ind. J. of Trad. Knowl. 15(4), 553-560. 34. Mitra K. (1997). Macrophyte and associated fauna: A major link in the food chain of flood plain lakes, Fisheries enhancement of small reservoirs and flood plain lakes. Sugunan V.V. (ed), Barrackpore-India.
Mohan V.R, Kalidass C. (2010). Nutritional and Antinutritional Evaluation of some unconventional wild Edible plants. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 12, 495-506.
Perna C.N, Cappo M, Pusey B.J, Burrows D.W, Pearson R.G. (2012). Removal of aquatic weeds greatly enhances fish community richness and diversity: an example from the Burdekin River flood plain, tropical Australia. River Research and Applications. 28(8), 1093-1104.
Prasad N, Das T. (2018). Diversity and distribution of acquaticmacrophytes with special reference to invasive species in Barak Valley, Assam, Northeast India. An Int. J. of Environ and Biodivers. 9 (1), 102- 108.
Devlin R.M, (1967). Plant Physiology. Reinhold. New York. P.564.
Raspopov I.M, Admace L, Husak S. (2002). Influence of acquaticmacrophytes on the litoral zone habitates of the lake Ladoga, NW Russia Preslia, 74, 315-321.
Ravit, B, Ehrenfeld J.G, Haggblom M.M. (2003). A Comparison of sediment microbial communities associated with Phragmites australis and Spartina altermiflora in two brackish wetlands of New Jersey. Eustuaries. 26, 465-474.
Rejmankova E. (2011). The role of macrophytes in wetland ecosystems. J Ecol Field Biol. 34(4), 333-345.
Rolon A.S, Maltchik L. (2006). Environmental factors as predictors of aquatic macrophyte richness and composition in wetlands of southern Brazil, Hydrobiol. 556, 221-231.
Sarma S.K, Borah B. Phytosociological investigation of aquatic macrophytes of five wetlands of Sonitpur district of Assam, India. Annals of Biol. Res.2014; 5(9): 38-45.
Scott M.C, Helfman G.S, Mc. Tammany M.E, Benfield E.F, Bolstad P.V. (2002). Monitoring of aquatic macrophytes and detection of long-term changes in river
system, Envi. Monit. Assessment. 73, 131- 153.
Seddon B. (1972) Aquatic macrophytes as limnologicalindicators, Fresh Water Biol. 2, 107-130.
Shalabh B, Jain A, Chaudhary J. (2012). Tarpanatans (Water Chestnut): An overview. Int. Res. J. of Pharma. 3(6), 31- 33.
Tessier C, Cattaneo A.J, Pinel-Alloul B, Galanti G, Morabito G. (2004). Biomass composition and size structure of invertebrates communities associated to different types of aquatic vegetation during summer in Lago di Candia (Italy). J. Limnol. 63(2), 190-198.
Thum R.A, Lennon J.T. (2010). Comparative ecological niche models predict the invasive spread of variable leaf milfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum) and its potential impact on closely related native species. Biol. Invasions. 12, 133-143.
Trisal C.L. (1990). Distribution, Production and role of macrophytes in some wetland ecosystem of India. Paper at the Seminar
on Wetland ecology and Management at Keoladeo National Park. Bharatpur. Feb. 23-25, 1990.
Wetzel R. (1983). Limnology: Sauders College Publishing, Orlando, Florida. 51. Wetzel R. (2001). Limnology: Lake and River ecosystems. 3rdEdn. Academic Press, Philadelphia..
Windham L, Lathrop R.G. (1999). Effects of Phragmites australis (common reed) invasion on aboveground biomass and soil properties in brakish tidal marsh of the Mullica River, New Jersey. Estuarics. 22, 927-935.
Yadava Y.S. (1987). Studies on the ecology of an ox-bow lake in context to development of beels in Assam. Compendium: Workshop on the development of beel fishery in Assam, A.A.U.
Yousuf A.R, Firdous G. (2001). Food Spectrum of Mirror Carp in a deep mesotrophic Himalayan Lake. J. Res. Dev. 1, 60-67.
