Evaluation of Groundwater Potential and Aquifer Protective Capacity  of the Overburden Units in Trap Covered Dhule District, Maharashtra

Khan Tahama; Gautam GuptA; M V Baride; J B Patil; Arti Baride

doi:10.48165/

Authors

Khan Tahama Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel (W), Navi Mumbai 410218, India.
Gautam GuptA Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel (W), Navi Mumbai 410218, India.
M V Baride Department of Geology, Z.B. Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Dhule 424002, India.
J B Patil Department of Geology, Z.B. Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Dhule 424002, India.
Arti Baride Department of Geology, Z.B. Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Dhule 424002, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

Protective capacity, electrical anisotropy, fracture porosity, reflection coefficient, Dhule

Abstract

This paper illustrates the determination of overburden protective capacity using vertical electrical resistivity sounding in the semi-arid hard rock terrain in Dhule district of Maharashtra. A total of 54 vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out using Schlumberger configuration with maximum electrode separation of 200m. The objective of this study was to locate groundwater potential zones and to evaluate the protective capacity of aquifers. Results reveal that the longitudinal conductance (S) value ranges from 0.07 to 13 mhos (siemens). The overburden protective capacity of the aquifers reveals a good to moderate rating at 92% of the VES sites. While 2% each represent weak and poor rating, 4% fall in the excellent category. It is further observed that VES sites located towards north at Sirpur and northern Sindkheda sub-divisions have better protection to aquifers due to thick alluvial cover deposited by Tapi River. The transverse resistance reveals higher values towards north-west, east and south-east parts of the study area. Electrical anisotropy shows a large variation ranging from 1.028 to 6.55, implying heterogeneous and anisotropic nature of the subsurface in the study area. A positive correlation is observed between the fracture porosity and electrical anisotropy, indicating the porous zones in the study area. Further, stations with low reflection coefficient revealed higher electrical anisotropy, suggesting an inverse correlation between these two parameters. These results provide reliable information about the protective capacity of the geomaterials overlying the aquiferous unit and the fracture geometry using various geophysical indices. This is vital for planning and development of prospective water resource programs and serves as a guide for groundwater pollution control in hard-rock, semi-arid regions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

. Baride, M.V., Patil, J.B., Baride A.M, Golekar, R.B. and Patil, S.N. (2017). Comparative study of Wenner and Schlumberger electrical resistivity method for groundwater investigation: a case study from Dhule district (M.S.), India. Applied Water Science. V. 7: 4321–4340, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-017-0576-7.

. Beane, J.E., Turner, C.A., Hooper, P.R., Subbarao, K.V. and Walsh, J.N. (1986). Stratigraphy, composition and form of Deccan basalts, Western Ghats, India; Bulletin of Volcanology. V. 48: 61-83.

. Bhattacharya, B.B. and Shalivahan (2016). Geoelectric methods: Theory and application; McGraw Hill Education (India). Pvt. Ltd, India.

. http:// bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/state/MH. Bhuvan: ISROs geoportal.

. Bobachev, A. (2003). Resistivity Sounding Interpretation. IPI2WIN: Version 3.0.1 a 7.01.03. Moscow State University.

. Braga, A.C.O., Filho, W.M. and Dourado, J.C. (2006). Resistivity (DC) method applied to aquifer protection studies. Brazilian Journal of Geophysics. 24(4): 573-581.

. Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) (2013). Groundwater Information, Dhule district, Maharashtra. Technical report No. 1799/DBR/2013.

. Dahlin, T. (2000). Electrode charge-up effects in DC resistivity data acquisition using multi electrode arrays. Geophysical Prospecting. V. 48(1): 181-187.

. Deolankar, S.B. (1980). The Deccan Basalt of Maharashtra, India- their potential as aquifers. Ground Water. V. 18(5): 434-437.

. Deshmukh, S.S. and Sehgal, M.N. (1988). Mafic Dyke Swarms in Deccan Volcanic Province of M.P. and Maharashtra. Memoir Geological Society of India. V. 10: 323-340.

. Duraiswami, R.A. (2005). Dykes as potential groundwater reservoirs in semi-arid areas of Sakri Taluka, District Dhule, of Maharashtra. Gondwana Geological Magazine. V. 20(1). [12]. Erram, V.C., Gupta, G., Pawar, J.B., Kumar, S. and Pawar, N.J. (2010). Potential groundwater zones in parts of Dhule District, Maharashtra: a joint interpretation based on resistivity and magnetic data. Journal of Indian Geological Congress. 2(1): 37-45.

. Flathe, H. (1955). Possibilities and limitations in applying geoelectrical methods to hydrogeological problems in the coastal area of northwest Germany. Geophysical Prospecting. V. 3: 95-110.

. Galin, D.L. (1979). Use of longitudinal conductance in vertical electrical sounding induced potential method for solving hydrogeologic problems. Vestrik Moskovskogo University Geology. V. 34: 74-100.

. Geological Survey of India (GSI) (2001). District resource map – Dhule district, Maharashtra. Geol. Surv. India.

. George, N.J., Ekong, U.N. and Etuk S.E. (2014). Assessment of economically accessible groundwater reserve and its protective capacity in Eastern Obolo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, using electrical resistivity method. International Journal of Geophysics. 1-10, 10.1155/2014/578981

. Henriet, J.P. (1976). Direct application of Dar–Zarrouk parameters in ground water surveys. Geophysical Prospecting. 24: 344-353.

. Keller, G.V. and Frischknecht, F.C. (1966). Electrical methods in geophysical prospecting. Oxford, Pergamon Press Inc.

. Kumar, D., Rai, S.N., Thiagarajan, S. and Ratnakumari, Y. (2014). Evaluation of heterogeneous aquifers in hard rocks from resistivity sounding data in parts of Kalmeshwar taluk of Nagpur district, India. Current Science. V. 107(7): 1137-1145.

. Lane, Jr. J.W., Haeni, F.P. and Watson, W.M. (1995). Use of a square array direct current resistivity method to detect fractures in crystalline bedrock in New Hampshire. Ground Water. V. 33(3): 476-485.

. Maillet, R. (1947). The fundamental equation of electrical prospecting. Geophysics. V. 12: 529- 556.

. Nilsen, K.H., Sydnes, M., Gudmundsson, A. And Larsen, B.T. (2003). How dykes affect Groundwater transport in the northern part of the Oslo Graben. Geophysical Research Abstracts. V. 5: 09684.

. Niwas, S. and Celik, M. (2012). Equation estimation of porosity and hydraulic conductivity of Ruhrtal aquifer in Germany using near surface geophysics. Journal of Applied Geophysics. V. 84: 77-85.

. Obiora, D.N., Ajala, A.E. and Ibuot, J.C. (2015). Evaluation of aquifer protective capacity of overburden unit and soil corrosivity in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, using electrical resistivity method. Journal Earth System Science. 124(1): 125-135.

. Oladapo, M.I., Mohammed, M.Z., Adeoye, O.O. and Adetola, B.A. (2004). Geoelectrical investigation of the Ondo State Housing Corporation Estate, Ijapo Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology. V. 40(1): 41-48.

. Olasehinde, P.I. and Bayewu, O.O. (2011). Evaluation of electrical resistivity anisotropy in geological mapping: A case study of Odo Ara, West Central Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. V. 5(7): 553-566.

. Olayinka, A.I. (1996). Non Uniqueness in the Interpretation of Bedrock Resistivity from Sounding Curves and its Hydrological Implications. Water Resources Journal of Nigerian Association of Hydrogeologists. 7(1-2): 55-60.

. Pawar, N.J. and Shaikh, I.J. (1995). Nitrate pollution of groundwaters from shallow basaltic aquifers. Deccan Trap hydrogeologic province, India. Environmental Geology. V. 25: 197-204. [29]. Qureshy, M.N. (1981). Gravity anomalies, isostacy and crust mantle relations in the Deccan trap and contiguous regions in Deccan Volcanism, ed. Subba Rao, K.V. and Sukeshwala, R.N., Geological Society of India Memoir. No. 3: 184-197.

. Rai, S.N., Thiagarajan, S., Ratnakumari, Y., Anand Rao, V. and Manglik, A. (2013). Delineation of aquifers in basaltic hard rock terrain using vertical electrical soundings data. Journal of Earth System Science. 122(1): 29-41.

. Shailaja, G., Laxminarayana, M., Patil, J.D., Erram, V.C., Suryawanshi, R.A. and Gupta, G. (2016). Efficacy of anisotropic properties in groundwater exploration from geoelectric sounding over trap covered terrain. Journal of Indian Geophysical Union. 20(5): 453-461.

. Sheth, H.C. (2005). Were the Deccan Flood Basalts derived in part from ancient oceanic crust within the Indian Continental lithosphere? Gondwana Research. V. 8(2): 109-127. [33]. Singh, R.P. and Jamal, A. (2002). Dykes as Groundwater Loci in Parts of Nashik District, Maharashtra. Journal Geological Society of India. V. 59(2): 143-146.

. Subbarao, K.V., Ramasubbareddy, N. and Prasad, C.V.R.K. (1988). Geochemistry and Palaeomagnetism of dykes from Mandaleshwar region, Deccan Basaltic Province. Geological Society of India Memoir. No. 10: 225-233.

. Subbarao, K.V., Chandrashekharam, D., Navaneethakrishanan, P. and Hooper, P.R. (1994). Stratigraphy and structure of parts of the central Deccan Basalt Province: Eruptive models. In : Volcanism (ed) K V Subbarao. pp. 321-332, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.

. Tahama, K., Gupta, G. and Krishnamacharyulu, S.K.G. (2018). Estimation of secondary geophysical indicators to demarcate sea water intrusion in parts of Konkan coast, Maharashtra. Journal of Applied Hydrology. V. XXXI – No.1-4.

. Wadia, D.N. (1975). Geology of India. publ: Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, New Delhi, India, p. 276.

. Widdowson, M. and Mitchell, C. (1999). Large scale stratigraphical, structural and geomorphological constraints for earthquakes in the southern Deccan traps, India: The case for denudationally driven seismicity, Deccan Volcanic Province, Ed. Subbarao, K.V., Geological Society of India Memoir. No. 43(1): 425-452.

. Zohdy, A.A.R., Eaton, G.P. and Mabey, D.R. (1974). Application of surface geophysics to ground-water investigation. Techniques of water-resources investigations series of the United States Geological Survey, 2nd ed.