Textural attributes of Sandstones from extra-peninsular Kalijhora Gondwana Basin in Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India

Authors

  • Ranjeeta Kar Department of Geology, Royal Global University, Guwahati 781035, India
  • Hrishikesh Baruah Principal, K.C. Das Commerce College, Guwahati 781008, India
  • Sarat Phukan Department of Geological Sciences, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

Gondwana sandstones, Kalijhora, Extra-peninsular India, Textural attributes

Abstract

Extra-peninsular Gondwana rocks are exposed in and around Kalijhora in Darjeeling district of West  Bengal. The Kalijhora lithostratigraphic column is largely arenaceous. An attempt was made to analyse the  textural attributes of these Gondwana sandstones which was unknown till date. Kalijhora sandstones are  largely medium grained, poorly sorted, positively skewed and leptokurtic. The main mode of transportation  for the sandstones seems to be combination of traction and suspension mechanism. Mixing of finer grains  imparted bimodality to the distribution. Addition of fines to the relatively coarser main mode suggests the  occurrence of a temporary turbid like condition in the otherwise calm riverine depositional environment  leading to the transport of both coarser and finer fragments side by side. A phase of transgression also  affected the sediments that show affinity towards deltaic (fluvial) as well as shallow marine depositional  setting.  

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amaral, E.A., and Pryor, W.A. (1977). Depositional environment of St. Peters sandstone deduced by textural analysis. Jour. of Sed. Pet., v. 47, no. 1, pp. 32-52.

Baruah, H. and Das, P.K. (2001). Textural attributes of the Singrimari sandstones, West Garo Hills district, Meghalaya and Dhubri district, Assam. Pal. Soc. Ind., v. 46, pp. 133-140. 3. Basu, Swades Kumar (2013). Geology of Sikkim state and Darjeeling district of West Bengal. Geological Society of India, Bangalore, 1st edition, pp. xiv+256.

Biswas, S.K. (1999). A review on the evolution of rift basins in India during Gondwana with special reference to Western Indian basins and their hydrocarbon prospects. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy (PINSA), 65, A, no. 3, pp. 261-283.

Bull, W.B. (1962). Relation of texture (CM) to depositional environment of alluvial deposits. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 32, pp. 211-217.

Cadigan, R.C. (1961). Geologic interpretation of grain size distribution measurements of Colorado Plateau sedimentary rocks. Jour. Geol., v. 69, pp.121-144.

Carver, R.E. (1971). Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology, Wiley Intersciene, New York, 653 p.

Casshyap, S.M. (1970). Sedimentary cycle and environment of deposition of the Barakar coal measures of Lower Gondwana, India. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 40, pp. 1302-1317.

Casshyap, S. M., (1977). Patterns of sedimentation in Gondwana basins. Proc. IV Inter. Gondwana Symp. (Key paper), v. 2, pp. 526-538.

Casshyap, S.M. and Tewari, R.C. (1988). Depositional model and tectonic evolution of Gondwana basins. The Palaeobotanists, v. 36, pp. 59-66.

Chakraborty, C., Mandal, N. and Ghosh, S. K. (2003). Kinematics of the Gondwana basins of peninsular India. Tectonophysics, v. 377, pp. 299-324.

Chakraborty, T., and Sarkar, S. (2005). Evidence of lacustrine sedimentation in the Upper Permian Bijori Formation, Satpura Gondwana basin: Palaeogeographic and tectonic implications. Jour. Earth Syst. Sci., v. 114, pp. 303-323.

Chandra, S. and Singh, K.J. (1996). Plant fossils from the Type Locality of Talchir Formation and Evidence of Earliest Plant/Animal Activity in Gondwana of India. In: Mitra, N.D. et. al. (Editors) - Gondwana Nine, v.1, 9th International Gondwana Symposium, Hyderabad, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, pp. 397-414.

Folk, R.L. and Ward, W.C. (1957). Brazos River Bar - A study on the significance of grain size parameters. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 27, pp. 3-26.

Friedman, G.M. (1961). Distinction between Dune, Beach and River sands from textural characteristics. Jour. Sed. Pet., v.31, pp. 514-529.

Friedman, G.M. (1967). Dynamic processes and Statistical Parameters Distribution of Beach and River sand. Jour. Sed. Pet., v.37, pp. 327-354.

Glaister, R.P. and Nelson, H.W. (1974). Grain size distribution: an aid in facies identification. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol., v. 22, pp. 203-240.

Grifiths, J.C. (1967). Scientific methods in analysis of sediments. McGraw Hill, 508p. 19. Inman, D.L. (1949). Sorting of sediments in the light of fluid mechanics. Jour. Sed. Petrol., v.19, pp. 51-70.

Joseph, S., Thrivikramaji, K.P. and Anirudhan, S. (1997). Textural parameters, discriminant analysis and depositional environments of Tertiary sands, Southern Tamil Nadu. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.50, pp. 323-329.

Kar, R., Baruah, H. and Phukan, S. (2019). Signatures of Marine Influences in the Gondwana Sandstones of Kalijhora, Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. Earth Sci. India, v.12, no.1, pp. 24-37.

Krumbein, W.C. and Pettijohn, F.J. (1938). Manual of Sedimentary Petrology, Appleton Century Crofts, New York. 549p.

Ludwikowska-Kędzia, M. (2000). Ewolucja środkowego odcinka doliny rzeki Belnianki w późnym glacjale i holocenie [Evolution of the middle segment of the Belnianka River valley in the Late Glacial and Holocene]. Dialog Press, Warsaw, 180 p.

Mazumdar, P. and Ganapathi, S. (1998). Grain size frequency distribution in ancient depositional environment - a case study from Lower Gondwana sediments, Pranhita Godavari Basin, Andhra Pradesh. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v. 52, pp. 219-228.

Moiola, R.J. and Weiser, P. (1968). Textural Parameters: An Evaluation. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 8, pp. 43-45.

Moshrif, Mohamed A. (1980). Recognition of Fluvial Environments in the Biyadh-Wasia Sandstones (Lower-Middle Cretaceous) as Revealed by Textural Analysis. Jour. of Sed. Research, v. 50, no. 2, pp.603-612.

Moss, A.J. (1962). The physical nature of common sandy and pebbly deposits: Part.1. Amer. Jour. Geol., v. 260, pp. 337-373.

Mycielska-Dowgiałło, E. (2007). Metody badań cech teksturalnych osadów klastycznych i wartość interpretacyjna wyników [Research methods for textural features of clastic deposits and the significance of interpretational results]. In: E. Mycielska-Dowgiałło & J. Rutkowski (Eds): Badania cech teksturalnych osadów czwartorzędowych i wybrane metody oznaczania

ich wieku [Research into the textural features of Quaternary sediments and some dating methods]. The Family Alliance School of Higher Education Press, Warsaw, pp. 95–180. 29. Mycielska-Dowgiallo, E. and Ludwikowska-Kedzia, M. (2011). Alternative interpretations of grain-size data from Quaternary deposits. Jour. Geologos, v. 17, no. 4, pp. 189–203. 30. Ostrowska, A., Oświecimska-Piasko, Z. and Smolska E. (2003). Cechy sedymentologiczne różnowiekowych osadów korytowych na przykładzie doliny górnej Czarnej Hańczy (Pojezierze Suwalskie) (Sedimentological indices of channel-facies deposits with the upper Czarna Hańcza River valley (Suwałki Lakeland) as an example). In: E. Smolska & P. Szwarczewski (Eds): Cechy teksturalne osadów stokowych i fluwialnych (Textural indices of slope and fluvial deposits). Prace i Studia Geograficzne (Warszawa), v. 33, pp. 59–70. 31. Passega, R. (1957). Texture and characteristics of clastic deposition. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., v. 41, pp. 1957-1984.

Passega, R. (1964). Grain Size Representation by C-M Pattern as a Geological Tool. Jour. Sed. Pet. v. 34, pp. 830-847.

Passega, R. and Byramjee, R. (1969). Grain Size Image of Clastic Deposits. Sedimentology, v. 13, no. 3, pp. 233-252.

Quidwai, W.A. and Casshyap, S.M. (1978). Grain size characteristics of ancient fluvial deposits- An example from Lower Gondwana. Jour. Geol. Soc. India; v.19, no. 6, pp. 240-250. 35. Sahu, B.K. (1964). Depositional mechanism from size analysis of clastic sediments. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 34, pp. 73-83.

Sahu, B. K. (1983). Multigroup discrimination of Depositional environments using size distribution statistics. Indian Jour. of Earth Sci, v. 10, pp. 20-29.

Stewart, H.B. Jr., (1958) Sedimentary reflections on depositional environments in San-Migue Lagoon, Baja California. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., v. 42, pp. 2567-2618. 38. Szmańda, J. B. (2002). Litofacjalny zapis powodzi w wybranych fragmentach równin zalewowych Wisły, Drwęcy i Tążyny (Lithofacies flood record in some fragments of the Vistula, Drwęca and Tążyna River valleys). Nicolaus Copernicus University (Toruń), 125 p. 39. Thomas, R.L., Kemp, A.L.W. and Lewis, C.F.M. (1972). Distribution, composition and characteristics of the surficial sediment of Lake Ontario. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 42, pp. 66-84. 40. Valdiya, K.S. (2010). The Making of India: Geodynamic Evolution, Macmillan Publishers India Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 300-320.

Veevers, J.J. and Tewari, R.C. (1995). Gondwana master basin of Peninsular India between Tethys and interior of the Gondwanaland province of Pangea. Mem. Geol. Soc. America Bull., 187, pp. 1-72.

Visher, G.S. (1969). Grain size distribution and depositional processes. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 39, pp. 1074-1106.

Downloads

Published

2020-12-25

Issue

Vol. 39 No. 2 (2020): Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences Geology (Jul-Dec) 2020

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Kar, R., Baruah, H., & Phukan, S. (2020). Textural attributes of Sandstones from extra-peninsular Kalijhora Gondwana Basin in Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India . Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences-Geology , 39(2), 301–315. https://doi.org/10.48165/
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC