Leaf Transpiration Study on Seven Selected Tree Species from Ogbomoso Nigeria for Afforestation of Dry Areas

Aderiike Adewumi; Adepoju Tunde Joseph Ogunkunle; Jennifer Ejiro Ideh; Olumayowa Opeyemi  Iyiola

doi:10.48165/

Authors

Aderiike Adewumi Department of Basic Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Adepoju Tunde Joseph Ogunkunle Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Jennifer Ejiro Ideh Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Olumayowa Opeyemi Iyiola Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

Afforestation, Atmospheric Humidification, Azadirachtaindica, Climate Change, Leaf Transpiration, Water Conserver, Water-Stress Environments

Abstract

seven selected tree species in Ogbomoso Nigeria, with a view to ascertaining their suitability for afforestation of water stress habitats. The mean quantity of water transpired per cm2 area of ten randomly selected mature leaves of seven tree species from the study location (80 10' 12.217''N, 40 15'12.607''E - 80 9' 45.834''N, 40 16' 6.209''E) was determined as a difference in the weight of a 4cm2 dry cobalt chloride paper (DCCP) and wet cobalt chloride paper stuck to adaxial/upper and abaxial/lower leaf surfaces until the blue DCCP completely turned to pink, and the time taken for this to happen was recorded. The rate of transpiration was also calculated in mg/cm2/min of each leaf surface by dividing the amount of water transpired/cm2 area by the respective time taken, and the means for the seven tree species were obtained. Higher mean rates of water transpiration in mg/cm2/min were recorded on the abaxial (18.6±2.4 – 30.6±1.8 in Psidium guajava and Ficus exasperata respectively) than the adaxial (14.4±1.8 – 25.2±6.0, also in P. guajava and F. exasperata) leaf surfaces. Evidence from the statistical analysis led to the conclusion that F. umbellata and F. exasperata are better atmospheric humidifiers than the other five tree species studied which instead, are better water conservers. The rate of leaf transpiration in four of the latter namely; Anacardium occidentale, F. benjamina, Mangifera indica and P. guajava are on a par with the fifth i.e. Azadirachta indica, the widely acclaimed afforestation species of dry lands. Therefore, the seven tree species studied are suitable candidates for afforestation of dry areas, the two humidifiers where increased atmospheric water vapour is desired, and the water conservers for water-stress environments.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abate, R. S. and Wright, T. (2010). A Green Solution to Climate Change: the Hybrid Approach to Crediting Reductions in Tropical Deforestation, Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2010. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2812294, Accessed January 17, 2020.

Abdulrahaman A. A., Jimoh, Y. L., Aluko, T. A. and Oladele F. A. (2016). Identification and Authentication of Dry Samples of Some Medicinal Plants Using Leaf Epidermal Features as Marker, Annals of West University of Timişoara, Ser. Biology, 19 (1):3-16

American Chemical Society (2006). Cobalt Chloride: Colorful Moisture Detector, Available at https://chlorine.americanchemistry.com/Science-Center/Chlorine-Compound-of-the Month-Library/Cobalt-Chloride-Colorful-Moisture-Detector/; Assessed February 5, 2020.

Beentje, H. J. (1988). Ficus Trees (Ficus, Moraceae) of Kenya, Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society And National Museum, 76 (193): 53-76.

Blanken, P. D. and Rouse, W. R. (1996).Evidence of Water Conservation Mechanisms In Several Subarctic Wetland Species, Journal of Applied Ecology, 33: 842-850, DOI: 10.2307/2404954; Available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/2404954

Dzomeku B. M. and Enu-Kwesi, L. (2006). Eco-Physiological Study on Two Urban Forestry Species (Azadirachta indica and Millettia thonningii) in Ghana, Research Journal of Botany1(3): 134-138

ImportantIndia (2017). Major Causes of Climate Change, ImportantIdia.com; Available at https://www.importantindia.com/25364/climate-change-major-causes-of-climate-change/, Accessed February 2, 2020.

Iroka F. C., Okereke C. N. and Okeke C. U. (2014). A Comparative Foliar Anatomical and Morphological Study on Anacardium occidentale L. and Spondias mombin L., International Journal of Herbal Medicine; 2 (2): 150-153

Kundu, S. K. and Tigerstedt, P. M. A.(1998). Variation in Net Photosynthesis, Stomatal Characteristics, Leaf Area and Whole-plant Phytomass Production Among Ten Provenances of Neem(Azadirachta indica), Tree Physiology19, 47-52.

Laurence, W. F. (2007). A New Initiative to Use Carbon Trading for Tropical Forest Conservation,Biotropica, 39(1) 20-24; Available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/30045478 11. Mandal, S. C. , Pal, S., Maity, T. K., Pal, M. and Saha, B. P. (2000). Pharmacognostic Profiles of Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Leaves, Ancient Science of Life, 14(3&4): 118-122.

Mbuya, L. P.; Msanga, H. P., Ruffo, C. K.; Birnie, A. and Tengnas B. (1994). Useful Trees and Shrubs for Tanzania: Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA), Nairobi, Kenya.

Morris, R. J. (2010). Anthropogenic Impacts On Tropical Forest Biodiversity: A Network Structure and Ecosystem Functioning Perspective, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1558): 3709–3718; doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0273.

Moutinho, P., Santilli, M., Schwartzman, S. and Rodrignes, L. (2005). Why Ignore Tropical Deforestation? A Proposal For Including Forest Conservation in the Kyoto Protocol, Unasylva, 222(56): 27-30

Ogbuewu, I. P., Odoemenam, V. U., Obikaonu, H. O., Opara, M. N., Emenalom, O. O., Uchegbu, M. C., Okoli, I. C., Esonu, B. O. and Iloeje, M. U. (2011). The Growing Importance of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in Agriculture, Industry, Medicine and Evironment: A Review, Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 5 (3): 230-245

Ogunkunle A.T. J. and Oladele, F. A. (2008). Leaf Epidermal Studies in Some Nigerian Species of Ficus L. (Moraceae), Plant Systematics and Evolution, 274: 209-221; DOI 10.1007s00606-008- 0044-9

Ramos G. Q., Cotta E. A. and Filho H. D. D. (2016).Studies on the ultrastructure in Anacardium occidentale L. leaves from Amazon in northern Brazil by scanning microscopy, SCANNING 38:329–335.

Reyer, C., Guericke, M. and Ibisch, P. L. (2009). Climate Change Mitigation Via Afforestation, Reforestation And Deforestation Avoidance: And What About Adaptation To Environmental Change?, New Forests 38(1):15-34; DOI: 10.1007/s11056-008-9129-0

Royal Society of Chemistry (2016). Preparing And Using Cobalt Chloride Indicator Papers, Available at https://edu.rsc.org/resources/preparing-and-using-cobalt-chloride-indicator papers/1919.article, Assessed February 3, 2020

Sajjekhan, S., Jha, P. K. and Dakappa, S. S. (2011). Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Psidiumguajava Linn. Leaves (Myrtaceae), Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5(2): 152-159

Sasaki, N. and Putz, F. E. (2009). Critical need for new definitions of “forest” and “forest degradation” in global climate change agreements, Conservation Letters, Society For Conservation Biology, Available at www. conbio.org, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755- 263X.2009.00067.x, Accessed February 2, 2020

Schuster A.C., Burghardt, M. and Riederer, M. (2017). The Ecophysiology of Leaf Cuticular Transpiration: Are Cuticular Water Permeabilities Adapted to Ecological Conditions? Journal of Experimental Botany 9:68(19):5271-5279. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erx321.

Singh, G., Simgh, B., Tomar, U. K. and Sharma, S. (2017). A Manual For Dry Land Afforestation and Management, Arid Forest Research Institute, New Pali Road, Jodhpur- 342 005, Rajasthan (India), www.afri.icfre.org

Tanner, W. and Beevers, H. (2001). Transpiration, APrerequisite For Long-distance transport of Minerals In Plants? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 98 (16) 9443-9447; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.161279898

Tinghui, X., Wegener, M., O’Shea, M. and Deling, M. (2001). World Distribution and Trade in Neem Products with Reference to Their Potential in China, Contributed paper to AARES 2001 Conference of Australian Agricultural andResource Economics Society, Adelaide, 22-25 January 2001.

UBC Forestry (2019). What is Forestry, UBC Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia; Available at https://forestry.ubc.ca/about-us/what-is-forestry/ Accessed February 2, 2020.