Scanning the Future: Veterinary Reproductive Ultrasonography
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/aru.2022.2105Keywords:
Ultrasonography, fertility, Early pregnancy diagnosis, Ovarian, uterine ailmentsAbstract
Reproductive ultrasonography can be an extensively preferred diagnostic modality in farm and companion animals for maximizing reproductive health in future days. The shape, contour, size, and position of the structure being analyzed, as well as its echogenicity, which is determined by the amplitude of the echoes received, are being used to describe ultrasound pictures. Reproductive ultrasonography has introduced a new dimension to animal reproduction by allowing not only visualization of the reproductive tract but also early pregnancy diagnosis, surveillance of embryonic or fetus development, and detection of the estrous cycle phase. Confirmation of ovarian and uterine ailments such as cystic ovarian follicle, endometritis, hydrometra, mucometra, and pyometra can be easily diagnosed for the earliest treatment regimens. The technique is a simple, safe, non-invasive, cost-effective, and practical way to confirm reproductive status in farm and companion animals from 30 days of gestation onwards, and by trans-rectal approach, the earliest diagnosis of pregnancy and non-pregnancy in small ruminants and swine can be confirmed from day 20 onwards. As a result, it appears that veterinary reproductive ultrasonography is an excellent technique for managing fertility in farm and companion animals
References
ngland GC, Russo M, Freeman SL. Follicular dynamics, ovulation, and conception rates in bitches. Reprod
Domest Anim. 2009;44 Suppl 2:53-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1439- 0531.2009.01416.x.
Feliciano MAR, Nepomuceno AC, Cardilli DJ, Nassar CL, Oliveira MEF, Kirnew MD, Almeida VT, Vicente WRR. B-mode ultrasound and Doppler mode for early-stage pregnancy diagnosis in Shi-Tzu bitches. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2013; 41(1): 1-6.
Freitas LA, Mota GL, Silva HV, Carvalho CF, Silva LD. Can maternal-fetal hemodynamics influence prenatal development
in dogs? Anim Reprod Sci. 2016;172:83-93. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.07.005.
Fricke PM. Scanning the future--ultrasonography as a reproductive management tool for dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 2002;85(8):1918-26. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74268-9.
Griffin PG, Ginther OJ. Research applications of ultrasonic imaging in reproductive biology. J Anim Sci. 1992;70(3):953-72.
doi: 10.2527/1992.703953x.
Mali AB, Amle MB, Markandeya NM, Kumawat BL. Comparative efficacy of trans-rectal and trans-abdominal ultrasonography for early diagnosis of pregnancy and embryonic ageing in goats. Indian J Small Ruminants 2019; 25(2):171-175.
Mantis P. Ultrasonography of the urinary and genital system of the dog and cat. Iranian J Vet Surg 2008;63–71.
Medan MS, Watanabe G, Sasaki K, Taya K. Transrectal ultrasonic diagnosis of ovarian follicular cysts in goats and treatment
with GnRH. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2004;27(2):115-24. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.03.006.
Padilla-Rivas GR, Sohnrey B, Holtz W. Early pregnancy detection by real-time ultrasonography in Boer goats. Small
Rumin Res. 2005; 58:87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres. 2004.09.004.
Pierson RA, Ginther OJ. Ultrasonography of the bovine ovary. Theriogenology. 1984;21(3):495-504. doi: 10.1016/0093-
x(84)90411-4.
Polisca A, Zelli R, Troisi A, Orlandi R, Brecchia G, Boiti C. Power and pulsed Doppler evaluation of ovarian hemodynamic
changes during diestrus in pregnant and nonpregnant bitches. Theriogenology. 2013;79(2):219-24. doi: 10.1016/j.
theriogenology.2012.08.005.
Pujar NA Puro, Markandeya NM, Mali AB, . Kumawat BL. Studies on efficacy of select-Synch and Ovsynch protocols
for induction and synchronization of estrus in Osmanabadi goats. Int J Sci Environ Technol. 2016; 5(6):4069-4073.
Pujar NA Puro, Markandeya NM, Mali AB, Kumawat BL. Comparative evaluation of therapeutic approaches for
fecundity improvement in Osmanabadi goats. Intas Polivet 2017; 18 (1):100-102.
Rantanen NW, Ewing RL. Principles of ultrasound application in animals. Vet Radiol, 1981; 22(5):196–203.
Ribadu AY, Nakao T. Bovine reproductive ultrasonography: a review. J Reprod Dev. 1999; 45(1):13–28.
Sharma A, Sood P. Follicular dynamics in goats. The Haryana Veterinarian 2019; 58 (SI):1-7.
Souza J, Maia A, Brandão F, Vilela C, Oba E. Hormonal treatment of dairy goats affected by hydrometra associated or
not with ovarian follicular cyst. Small Rumin Res. 2013; 111: 104-109.
Suguna K, Mehrotra S, Agarwal SK, Hoque M, Singh SK, Shanker U, Sarath T. Early pregnancy diagnosis and embryonic and
fetal development using real-time B mode ultrasound in goats. J Small Rumi Res. 2008; 80: 80-86.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Animal Reproduction Update
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
