Evaluation of White Spot Lesions Following Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Clinical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ajm.2026.9.01.16Keywords:
White spot lesions, Fixed orthodontic treatment, Enamel demineralization, Orthodontic brackets, ICDAS, Preventive dentistryAbstract
Background: White spot lesions are a common undesirable effect associated with fixed orthodontic treatment due to prolonged plaque accumulation around brackets and bands. These lesions represent early enamel demineralization and may compromise esthetics and long-term oral health. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of white spot lesions in patients following fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This clinical study was conducted on patients who had completed fixed orthodontic treatment. A total of 60 subjects were examined immediately after debonding. The presence and severity of white spot lesions were assessed using visual examination under standardized lighting conditions and scored according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The distribution of lesions was analyzed with respect to tooth type and surface involved. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: White spot lesions were observed in a significant proportion of patients following fixed orthodontic therapy. Maxillary anterior teeth showed a higher prevalence compared to posterior teeth. The majority of lesions were classified as early enamel changes without cavitation. A statistically significant association was found between treatment duration and occurrence of white spot lesions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: White spot lesions remain a prevalent complication following fixed orthodontic treatment. Early detection and preventive strategies are essential to minimize enamel demineralization during orthodontic therapy. Clinical Significance: Regular monitoring, patient motivation, and the use of preventive measures such as fluoride applications can reduce the incidence and severity of white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic treatment.References
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