Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Ipecacuanha in Potencies 12C, 30C and 200C in Penaeus Monodon Challenged with Vibrio Cholera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ahr.2026.11.2.7Keywords:
Bacterial load, Vibrio cholera, Penaeus monodon, Homoeopathy, Ipecacuanha, Tetracycline, VibriosisAbstract
Background: Vibriosis caused by Vibrio cholerae is a major bacterial disease in shrimp aquaculture, leading to significant economic losses. According to reports, Vibrio cholerae is an opportunistic infection that can cause up to 100% death and significant output losses in shrimp farms. Lethargy, tissue and appendage necrosis, poor development, slow larval metamorphosis and body deformity, muscle opacity, melanization, empty midgut, and anorexia are all indicators of Vibrio cholerae illness. Seafood can become contaminated by bacteria that carry the Vibrio genes, endangering human health. Additionally, marine items are consumed globally and have a big impact on the economy. Seafood-borne infections have dramatically increased globally, primarily due to Vibrio cholerae species. The increasing concerns over antibiotic resistance necessitate the exploration of alternative Homeopathic therapeutic approaches. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the homeopathic medicine Ipecacuanha at potencies 12C, 30C, and 200C in Penaeus monodon experimentally infected with Vibrio cholerae. Methods: A total of 200 shrimps were divided into five groups. Vibrio cholerae infection was experimentally induced in shrimp Penaeus monodon, which were divided into five groups (n = 40 per group). Group A served as the untreated control, while Group B was administered tetracycline (10 mg kg⁻¹). Groups C, D and E were treated with the homeopathic medicine Ipecacuanha at potencies of 12C, 30C and 200C respectively. The study was conducted over a 30-day period, during which bacterial load was assessed on days 10, 20 and 30 post-infections. Concurrently, growth parameters (length and weight), cumulative mortality index (CMI) and survival rates were recorded and analyzed. Results: Results demonstrated a reduction in bacterial load and improvement in growth performance, CMI and survival rate in all Ipecacuanha treated groups compared to the control. Among the tested potencies, 30C exhibited the most pronounced effect of Reduced mortality, increased survival rate, weight gain and lower bacterial load. Statistical analysis indicated that the observed findings were significant, with a P-value of < 0.05. Conclusion: The findings indicate that Ipecacuanha 30C potency has an effective therapeutic action for treating Vibrio cholerae infection in shrimp Penaeus monodon. The test is significant since the cumulative mortality in the 30-day timeframe of the experimental trial has a P value of less than 0.05. This study determines the potential application of homeopathic medicines in sustainable aquaculture practices and highlights the need for further investigations to validate these results.
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