ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST  Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, THE CAUSAL PATHOGEN OF BEAN  ANTHRACNOSE, AND THEIR EFFECT ON SEED GERMINATION AND  SEEDLING PERFORMANCE

Faustine Christopher; Samuel Nyalala; Patrick Ndakidemi; Samuel Nyalala; Ernest Mbega

doi:10.48165/

Authors

Faustine Christopher Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Box 447 Arusha (Tanzania)
Samuel Nyalala Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, Egerton (Kenya) 3Department of Life Sciences, the Open University of Tanzania, Box 23409 Dar es salaam (Tanzania)
Patrick Ndakidemi Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Box 447 Arusha (Tanzania)
Samuel Nyalala Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, Egerton (Kenya) 3Department of Life Sciences, the Open University of Tanzania, Box 23409 Dar es salaam (Tanzania)
Ernest Mbega Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Box 447 Arusha (Tanzania)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

Antifungal activity, bean anthracnose, bioactivity, herbal fungicides, growth inhibition, medicinal plants

Abstract

This study evaluated the in vitro potency of Plectranthus barbatus, Vernonia amygdalina, Conyza bonariensis, Leonotis nepetifolia, and Lantana camara extracts against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal pathogen of anthracnose in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), as well as assessed their effect on seed germination and seedling performance under greenhouse conditions. In vitro assessment of antifungal activities of extracts was carried out using the poisoned food technique. Ethyl acetate extract of C. bonariensis was found most effective against the pathogen and completely inhibited its growth at 5.0, 2.5, and 1.25 mg mL-1 while it showed 91.2% inhibition at 0.5 mg mL-1level. This was followed by P. barbatus and L. nepetifolia which completely inhibited the growth at 5.0 and 2.5 mg mL-1 level. Methanolic extracts were also effective with highest inhibition observed for L. camara (85.1%) at 5.0 mg mL-1, followed by P.barbatus (84.7%) and L. nepetifolia (83.1%) at the same concentration. Similarly, the aqueouextractsshowed remarkable inhibition at the highest concentrations tested. Aqueous extracts of L. nepetifolia, V. amygdalina, and C. bonariensis inflicted maximum inhibition at 5.0 mg mL-1(75.0, 74.7, and 73.3%, respectively). Extracts had no adverse effect on seed germination and seedling performance, but the test fungicide reduced seed germination significantly (p < 0.001). Easy accessibility of the studied medicinal plants and their potential in managing bean anthracnose provides an opportunity to use such plant extracts as seed dressers to manage bean anthracnose in smallholder farmers in Tanzania.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adebisi, M.A., Okelola, F.S., Alake, C.O. and Ajala, M.O. 2010. Interrelationship between seed vigour traits and field performance in new rice for Africa (Nerica) genotypes (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment, 10: 15-24.

Amin, M. 2014. Field management of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in common bean through fungicides and bioagents. Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 2: 2-7. Antony, A. 2019. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Activities of Conyza bonariensis, Tribulus

Antifungal activities of some medicinal plants against colletotrichum species 491

terrestris, and Rubia cordifolia Growing in Arusha, Tanzania. MSc dissertation, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha Tanzania

Antony, A. and Chacha, M. 2019. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Conyza bonariensis and Tribulus terrestris growing in Tanzania. Herbal Medicine, 1: 1-7.

Ayesha, M.S., Suryanarayanan, T.S., Nataraja, K.N., Prasad, S.R. and Shaanker, R.U. 2021. Seed treatment with systemic fungicides: Time for review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 1581. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.654512].

Cordeiro, M.F., Nunes, T.R.S., Bezerra, F.G., Damasco, P.K.M., Silva, W.A.V., Ferreira, M.R.A., Magalhães, O.M.C., Soares, L.A.L., Cavalcanti, I.M.F., Pitta, M.G.R. and Rêgo, M.J.B.M. 2022. Phytochemical characterization and biological activities of Plectranthus barbatus Andrews. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 82: 1-12.

Cowan, M.M. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12: 564-582.

Cristina, A., Wandscheer, D., Marchesan, E. and Ferreira, M. 2017. Impact of fungicide and insecticide use on non-target aquatic organisms in rice paddy fields. Ciência Rural, 47: 1-7. de Oliveira, D.P., de Almeida, L., Marques, M.J., de Carvalho, R.R., Dias, A.L.T., da Silva, G.A., de Pádua, R.M., Braga, F.C. and da Silva, M.A. 2021. Exploring the bioactivity potential of Leonotisnepeti folia: Phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and antileishmanial activities of extracts from different anatomical parts. Natural Product Research, 35: 3120-3125. Findura, P., Hara, P., Szparaga, A., Kocira, S., Czerwińska, E., Bartoš, P., Nowak, J. and Treder, K. 2020. Evaluation of the effects of allelopathic aqueous plant extracts, as potential preparations for seed dressing, on the modulation of cauliflower seed germination. Agriculture (Switzerland), 10: 122. [https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040122]. Hirpa, K. and Selvaraj, T. 2016. Evaluation of common bean cultivars and fungicide spray frequency for the management of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in Ambo, West Shewa zone , Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 6: 68-80. Hussain, A. and Asi, M.R. 2008. Pesticides as water pollutants. pp. 95–101. In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development: Problems, Perspectives and Challenges. CRC Press, New Delhi, India. [https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6111-8.ch001].

Ishnava, K.B., Chauhan, K.H. and Bhatt, C.A. 2012. Screening of antifungal activity of various plant leaves extracts from Indian plants. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45: 152-160.

Javaid, A. and Rehman, H.A. 2011. Antifungal activity of leaf extracts of some medicinal trees against Macrophomina phaseolina. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5: 2868-2872. Kowalczyk, T., Merecz-Sadowska, A., Rijo, P., Isca, V.M.S., Picot, L., Wielanek, M., Śliwiński, T. and Sitarek, P. 2021. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the biological activity of Leonotis nepetifolia (L.)R.Brtransformed roots extracts obtained through Rhizobium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. Cells, 10: 1242. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ cells10051242].

Kritzinger, Q., Lall, N. and Aveling, T. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) leaf extracts. South African Journal of Botany, 71: 45-48.

Kulkarni, N.N., Jagtap, A.B., Wadkar, S.S., Shete, C.C. and Ghosh, J.S. 2019. Antimicrobial properties of ethanolic leaf extract of Lantanacamara (L) and its effect on the powdery mildew of Cocciniagrandis (L). Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine, 3: 000201. [https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000201].

Kumar, N., Pathera, A.K., Saini, P. and Kumar, M. 2012. Harmful effects of pesticides on human health. Annals of Agri BioResearch, 17: 125-127.

Laizer, H.C., Chacha, M.N. and Ndakidemi, P.A. 2021. Allelopathic effects of Sphaeranthus suaveolens on seed germination and seedling growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Oryza sativa. Advances in Agriculture, 2021: 1-9. [https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8882824]. LeClair, E., Conner, R., Robinson, D. and Gillard, C.L. 2015. Transmission de l’anthracnose

Faustine Christopher et al.

(Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) chez le haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) au moyen d’un inoculum artificielou naturel sous feuillagehumideou sec. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 95: 913-921.

Lengai, G. 2021. The Activity Extracts from Selected Tanzanian Spices on Major Fungal Pathogens and Blight Diseases of Tomato. Ph.D. Thesis, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha Tanzania.

Lundgren, G.A, Braga SD, de Albuquerque, T.M, ÁrabeRimá de Oliveira, K, Tavares, J.F, Vieira, W.A., Câmara, M.P. and de S.E. 2021. Antifungal effects of Conyza bonariensis (L.) cronquist essential oil against pathogenic Colletotrichum musae and its incorporation in gum arabic coating to reduce anthracnose development in banana during storage. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 132: 547-561.

Mansoori, A., Singh, N., Dubey, S.K., Thakur, T.K., Alkan, N., Das, S.N. and Kumar, A. 2020. Phytochemical characterization and assessment of crude extracts from Lantana camara L. for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Frontiers in Agronomy, 2: 582268. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2020.582268].

Masangwa, J.I.G., Aveling, T.A.S. and Kritzinger, Q. 2013. Screening of plant extracts for antifungal activities against Colletotrichum species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Journal of Agricultural Science, 151: 482-491.

Mathur, S.B. and Kongsdal, O. 2003. Common Laboratory Seed Health Testing Methods for Detecting Fungi. International Seed Testing Association. [https://agris.fao.org/agris search/search.do? recordID= US201300086114].

Mkindi, A.G., Tembo, Y.L.B., Mbega, E.R., Smith, A.K., Farrell, I.W., Ndakidemi, P.A., Stevenson, P.C. and Belmain, S.R. 2020. Extracts of common pesticidal plants increase plant growth and yield in common bean plants. Plants, 9: 1-11.

Mogita, G.W., Ochuodho, O.J., Gohole, S.L., Arunga, E.E. and Billy, M. 2017. Incidence of bean anthracnose in Western Kenya and its management using aqueous extract of Aloe vera. African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 3: 6-12.

Mohammed, A. 2013a. An overview of distribution, biology and the management of common bean anthracnose. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 4: 4-8.

Mohammed, A. 2013b. Effect of integrated management of bean anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Sacc. and Magn.) through soil solarization and fungicide applications on epidemics of the disease and seed health in Hararghe highlands, Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 4: 182. [https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7471.1000182].

Musila, F.M., Nguta, J., Lukhoba, C.W. and Dossaji, S.F. 2017. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of 10 Kenyan Plectranthus species in the Coleus clade. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 11: 1-7.

Mutlu-Durak, H. and Yildiz Kutman, B. 2021. Seed treatment with biostimulants extracted from weeping willow (Salix babylonica) enhances early maize growth. Plants, 15: 1449. [doi: 10.3390 /plants 10071449].

Mwabulambo, S.G., Mrema, E.J., Vera Ngowi, A. and Mamuya, S. 2018. Health symptoms associated with pesticides exposure among flower and onion pesticide applicators in Arusha region. Annals of Global Health, 84: 369-379.

Mwesigwa, J.B. 2009. Diversity of Colletotirichum lindemuithianum and Reaction of Common Bean Germplasm to Anthracnose Disease. Msc Thesis, Makerere University, Uganda. Ndala, R.I., Mbega, E.R. and Ndakidemi, P.A. 2019. Different plant extracts against Phytophthora infiestans (Mont.) de Bary in tomato in vitro. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 10: 698- 708.

Ngondya, I.B., Munishi, L., Treydte, A.C. and Ndakidemi, P.A. 2016. Demonstrative effects of crude extracts of Desmodium spp. to fight against the invasive weed species Tagetes minuta. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36: 113-118.

Pingale, R., Pokharkar, D. and Phadtare, S. 2013. A review on ethnopharmacology, photochemistry

Antifungal activities of some medicinal plants against colletotrichum species 493

and bioactivity of Leonitis nepatofolia. International Journal of Pharm Tech Research, 5: 1161-1164.

Qwarse, M., Sempombe, J., Mihale, M.J., Henry, L., Mugoyela, V., Sung, F. and Salaam, D. 2017. Cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antifungal activities of five plant species used by agro-pastoral communities in Mbuludistrict, Tanzania. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 7: 1-14.

Rajesha, G., Mantur, S.G., Shankar, M.R., Boranayaka, M.B. and Shadakshari, T.V. 2010. In vitro evaluation of fungicides and biocontrol agents against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing anthracnose of dolichos bean. International Journal of Plant Protection, 3: 114-116.

Runyoro, D.K.B., Matee, M.I.N., Ngassapa, O.D., Joseph, C.C. and Mbwambo, Z.H. 2006. Screening of Tanzanian medicinal plants for anti-Candida activity. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6: 1-10.

Shah, N.Z., Muhammad, N., Azeem, S., Khan, A.Z., Samie,M. and Khan, H. 2013. Antimicrobial and phytotoxic properties of Conyza bonariensis.Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research, 1: 8-11. Shenkalwa, E.M., Mmbaga, M.E.T. and Kalala, A. 2013. Performance of improved bean varieties in Kasulu and Kibondo districts of Kigoma region, Tanzania. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 13: 7804-7819.

Shrivastava, D. and Dwivedi, S. 2021. Investigation of antifungal activity of flowers of Leonotis nepetaefolia ( L ) R . Br. International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 12: 53-56. Sofi, P.A., Djanaguiraman, M., Siddique, K.H.M. and Prasad, P.V.V. 2018. Reproductive fitness in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought stress is associated with root length and volume. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 23: 796-809.

Sreeramulu, A., Arunakumari, M. and Narasimha Reddy, P.L. 2017. Antifungal activity of wild sage (Lantana camara) against Colletotrichum falcatum. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6: 1847-1852.

Staub, T. 1991. Fungicide resistance: Practical experience with antiresistance strategies and the role of integrated use. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 29: 421-442.

Talukder, M.A.I., Rahaman, M., Roy, B. and Saha, K.C. 2015. Effects of herbal plant extract on germination and seedling growth of some vegetables. International Journal of Science and Nature, 6: 421-425.

Tegegne, G., Pretorius, J.C. and Swart, W.J. 2008. Antifungal properties of Agapanthus africanus L. extracts against plant pathogens. Crop Protection, 27: 1052-1060.

Yesuf, M. and Sangchote, S. 2005. Seed transmission and epidemics of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in the major common bean growing areas of Ethiopia. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 39(1), 34-45.

Yesuf, M. and Sangchote, S. 2007. Survival and transmission of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum from naturally infected common bean seeds to the seedlings. Tropical Science, 47: 96-103. Yusoff, S.F., Haron, F.F., Mohamed, M.T.M., Asib, N., Sakimin, S.Z., Kassim, F.A. and Ismail, S.I. 2020. Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits. Biology, 9: 286. [https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090286].

Zofou, D., Tene, M., Ngemenya, M.N., Tane, P. and Titanji, V.P.K. 2011. In vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of extracts of selected medicinal plants used by traditional healers of Western Cameroon. Malaria Research and Treatment, 2011: 1-6. [https://doi.org/10.4061 /2011 /561342].