EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOLVENTS ON THE EXTRACTION OF  ANTIOXIDANTS FROM DRIED Basella alba LEAVES

Vimal B Jayswal; V H Patel; Neeta R Dave

doi:10.48165/

Authors

Vimal B Jayswal P.G. Department of Home Science, S.P. University, Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388 120, Gujarat (India)
V H Patel P.G. Department of Home Science, S.P. University, Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388 120, Gujarat (India)
Neeta R Dave P.G. Department of Home Science, S.P. University, Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388 120, Gujarat (India)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

Antioxidants, Basella alba, solvents

Abstract

Basella alba, an edible perennial vine, is an underutilized plant which possesses many potential health benefits including antioxidant property. Isolation of antioxidant compounds from the plant was attempted through extraction with different solvents. The solvents of varying polarities, using six extracting solvents (distilled water, ethyl acetate, hexane, ethanol, methanol and acetone) were evaluated to assess the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from dried leaves of B. alba. Each extract was analyzed for total phenols, flavonoids and total antioxidant activity using 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH-RSA), 2,2azinobis, 3 ethyl benzothiazolin, 6-sulphonic acid assay (ABTS-RSA), reducing power assay (RPA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results revealed that methanol could extract maximum phenols (779.58 mg GAE 100 g-1) while ethanol yielded maximum flavonoid (2726.43 mg RE 100 g-1) content. Methanol extract was found the most potent scavenger of DPPH-RSA and ABTS-RSA (92.97 and 196.47 mg TE 100 g-1, respectively) as well as depicted maximum RPA and FRAP values (2303.66 and 5.46 mg TE 100 g-1, respectively). Pearson correlation indicated a positive significant relationship of total phenols and flavonoids with DPPH RSA, ABTS-RSA and RPA. FRAP revealing a strong correlation with flavonoids. Overall, methanol was the most effective solvent for the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from B. alba leaves and can be a useful source of natural antioxidants.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adegoke, G.O. and Ojo, O.A. 2017. Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the leaf, stem and fruit fractions of Basella alba and Basella rubra. Plant, 5(5): 73-79. Babbar, N., Oberoi, H.S., Sandhu, S.K. and Bhargav, V.K. 2014. Influence of different solvents in extraction of phenolic compounds from vegetable residues and their evaluation as natural sources of antioxidants. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(10): 2568-2575. Baskaran, G., Salvamani, S., Ahmad, S.A., Shaharuddin, N.A., Pattiram, P.D. and Shukor, M.Y. 2015. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity and phytocomponent investigation of Basella alba leaf extract as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 9: 509-517.

Benzie, I.F. and Strain, J.J. 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1): 70-76. Boeing, J.S., Barizão, É.O., Silva, B.C., Montanher, P.F., de Cinque Almeida, V. and Visentainer, J.V. 2014. Evaluation of solvent effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities from the berries: Application of principal component analysis. Chemistry Central Journal, 8(1): 1-9.

Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. and Berset, C.L.W.T. 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28(1): 25-30. Choi, Y., Jeong, H.S. and Lee, J. 2007. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from some grains consumed in Korea. Food Chemistry, 103(1): 130-138.

Deshmukh, S.A. and Gaikwad, D.K. 2014. A review of the taxonomy, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Basella alba (Basellaceae). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4(1): 153-165.

Felhi, S., Daoud, A., Hajlaoui, H., Mnafgui, K., Gharsallah, N. and Kadri, A. 2017. Solvent extraction effects on phytochemical constituent profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and functional group analysis of Ecballium elaterium seeds and peels fruits. Food Science and Technology, 37(3): 483-492.

Guyot, S., Marnet, N. and Drilleau, J.F. 2001. Thiolysis − HPLC characterization of apple procyanidins covering a large range of polymerization states. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(1): 14-20.

Iqbal, S., Younas, U., Chan, K.W., Zia-Ul-Haq, M., and Ismail, M. 2012. Chemical composition of Artemisia annua L. leaves and antioxidant potential of extracts as a function of extraction solvents. Molecules, 17(5): 6020-6032.

Vimal B. Jayswal et al.

Jaiswal, S.K. and Rao, C.V. 2016. Evaluation of standardized fractions of Basella alba leaves as gastro protective activity on ulcerated rats. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 16(4): 339-347.

Jayswal, V.B., Patel, V.H. and Dave, N.R. 2019. Effect of incorporation of fresh Basella alba leaves on sensory attributes and antioxidant potential of a traditional Indian product ‘Biwadi’. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 7(1): 425-434.

Kostic, D.A., Dimitrijevic, D.S., Mitic, S.S., Mitic, M.N., Stojanovic, G.S. and Živanoviæ, A.V. 2013. Phenolic content and antioxidant activities of fruit extracts of Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) from Southeast Serbia. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(1): 105- 110.

Kulkarni, A.P., Aradhya, S.M. and Divakar, S. 2004. Isolation and identification of a radical scavenging antioxidant – punicalagin from pith and carpellary membrane of pomegranate fruit. Food Chemistry, 87(4): 551-557.

Liu, X., Dong, M., Chen, X., Jiang, M., Lv, X. and Yan, G. 2007. Antioxidant activity and phenolics of an endophytic Xylaria sp. from Ginkgo biloba. Food Chemistry, 105(2): 548-554. Miller, N.J. and Rice-Evans, C.A. 1997. Factors influencing the antioxidant activity determined by the ABTS+ radical cation assay. Free Radical Research, 26(3): 195-199.

Olaniyi, T.A., Adeniran, S.A., Adebayo, L.A., Olusegun, K.A. and Oyedeji, T.A. 2013. Antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of Basella alba leaves. Asian Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2(2): 81-88.

Oyaizu, M. 1986. Studies on products of browning reaction. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44(6): 307-315.

Peschel, W., Sánchez-Rabaneda, F., Diekmann, W., Plescher, A., Gartzía, I., Jiménez, D. and Codina, C. 2006. An industrial approach in the search of natural antioxidants from vegetable and fruit wastes. Food Chemistry, 97(1): 137-150.

Phadungkit, M., Somdee, T. and Kangsadalampai, K. 2012. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of selected Thai edible plant extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(5): 662-666.

Prior, R.L., Lazarus, S.A., Cao, G., Muccitelli, H. and Hammerstone, J.F. 2001. Identification of procyanidins and anthocyanins in blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.) using high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(3): 1270-1276.

Razali, N., Mat-Junit, S., Abdul-Muthalib, A.F., Subramaniam, S. and Abdul-Aziz, A. 2012. Effects of various solvents on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica L. Food Chemistry, 131(2): 441-448.

Robards, K. 2003. Strategies for the determination of bioactive phenols in plants, fruit and vegetables. Journal of Chromatography A, 1000(1-2): 657-691.

Routray, R., Kar, M. and Sahu, R.K. 2013. Evaluation of antioxidant potential in selected leafy vegetables of Odisha, India. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacological Sciences, 5(1): 232-235.

Siddhuraju, P. and Becker, K. 2007. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of processed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) seed extracts. Food Chemistry, 101(1): 10- 19.

Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3): 144-158. Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R. and Lamuela-Raventós, R.M. 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology, 299: 152-178.

Taghvaei, M. and Jafari, S.M. 2015. Application and stability of natural antioxidants in edible oils in order to substitute synthetic additives. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52: 1272- 1282.

Effect of solvents on antioxidant extraction from Basella alba leaves 135

Tongco, J.V.V., Añis, A.D. and Tamayo, J.P. 2015. Nutritional analysis, phytochemical screening and total phenolic content of Basella alba leaves from the Philippines. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 7(5): 1031-1033.

Truong, D.H., Nguyen, D.H., Ta, N.T.A., Bui, A.V., Do, T.H. and Nguyen, H.C. 2019. Evaluation of the use of different solvents for phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and in vitro anti inflammatory activities of Severinia buxifolia. Journal of Food Quality, 2019: 1-9.

Yang, R.Y., Lin, S. and Kuo, G. 2008. Content and distribution of flavonoids among 91 edible plant species. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 17(S1): 275-279.

Yanishlieva, N.V. and Marinova, E.M. 2001. Stabilization of edible oils with natural antioxidants. European journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 103(11): 752-767.